Developing Artificial Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression Models to Predict the Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Reactive Powder Concrete Columns

The study focuses on development a model to predict the ultimate load carrying capacity of Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) columns. Two different statistical methods regression techniques (RT) and the artificial neural network (ANN) methods were used for determining the RPC columns ultimate load carrying capacity. The data is collected from three experimental studies the first used to develop the model and the other two used as a case study. Experimental results used as input data to develop prediction models. Two different techniques adopted to develop the models the first was Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and the second was multi linear regression techniques (RT). The models use to predict the ultimate load carrying capacity of RPC columns. To predict the ultimate load carrying capacity of RPC columns four input parameters were identified cross-section, micro steel fiber volume fraction content, compressive strength and main steel reinforcement area. Both models build with assistance of MATLAB software. The results exhibit that the cross section area has most significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity. The performance of ANNs with different architecture was considered to adopt the pest ANN. An ANN with one layer consist of 7 neurons provide the best prediction. The results of this investigation indicate that ANNs have strong potential as statistical method for prediction the ultimate load carrying capacity of RPC columns. Keywords: Reactive powder concrete, artificial neural network, multiple linear regressions, ultimate load carrying capacity, Statistical analysis

Numerical modeling of the experimental test for shear strengthened of fire damaged high strength lightweight RC beams with SIFCON jacket

The behaviour of concrete structures when exposed to fire is essential because fire represents an excessive loading and critical structural case for any concrete structure. This paper discusses the adopted procedure for modelling and simulation of concrete beams that experimentally tested in the lab. Through using of ABAQUS program, a finite model of lightweight reinforced concrete beams was carried out under realistic fire circumstances. 14 Beam specimens with lightweight high strength types, before and after firing up to 600°C, and improvement with SIFCON jacketing technique, were simulated and compared with the experimental results. For both the displacement at mid span and the maximum load carrying capacity of the specimens, the absolute error between experimental and numerical values was determined. From the results, it can be seen that the minimum and maximum determined absolute error for specimens’ load carrying capacity was about 0.521% and 15.61%, respectively. on the other side, minimum and maximum determined absolute error for specimens’ displacement corresponded to the max load were 0.42% and 11.42%, respectively. accordingly, and since the estimated errors less than 15%, it can be said that the performed simulation process was accurate and successful when compared with other researchers’ studies. As a result, it was found that there is an agreement between the practical and theoretical findings of the study, and a helpful tool for predicting failure in the event of a fire occurrence is provided

Strengthening of Fire Damaged, Light Weight, High Strength Reinforced Concrete Beam Using SIFCON Jacket

This study aims to extrapolate the behavior of lightweight (LECA) high strength concrete beams subjected to high temperatures. the LECA aggregate was utilized as coarse fraction in the reference mixture. a post development process in terms of jacketing the fire damaged beams with SIFCON materials layer was also investigated. In addition to the reference samples, various parameters of concrete beams and conditioning were conducted, namely, fire duration exposure, concrete cover, and SIFCON layer thickness. In details, two concrete cover thickness, half and one-hour fire duration exposure, and two SIFCON layer thicknesses were the main parameters in this study. the thermal gradient through the beam cross section was captured through installing thermocouples sensors embedded inside at various location. The physical and chemical properties were tested for all used materials in this study. Overall, fourteen concrete beam samples were tested for all the three phases (normal or reference, fire damaged samples, and post enhancement with SIFCON jacket). the level of comparison for the tested samples was focused on several parameters are; maximum shear load capacity and corresponded displacement, ductility index, cracking load, initial and secant stiffness, and energy absorption. The experimental test results under the scope of this research have shown significant improvement for the strengthened beams were observed compared with the damaged samples. Moreover, the results have cleared that the strengthened beams, in term of the mentioned indices were recovered as and comparable to the undamaged (reference beam), except the absorption energy. Where further studies and efforts have to be paid to overcome such issue

Clinical Findings Versus Imaging Studies in the Diagnosis of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

Background: Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is the commonest surgical cause of vomiting in early infancy and can be diagnosed clinically or by imaging studies. OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of clinical examination as compared with ultrasound and upper gastrointestinal contrast imaging in the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 30 patients referred to the pediatric surgical department in pediatric teaching hospital in Erbil with a possible diagnosis of IHPS in the period from June 2006 to January 2009. RESULTS:   The male to female ratio was 3.28:1 .The mean age at onset was 29.5 days. The mean age at presentation was 48 days. Projectile vomiting was present in all infants (100%).  Pyloric mass was palpable in 21 infants (70%). Visible peristaltic waves were noted in 12 infants (40%). 27 patients (90%) had gastric aspirate of more than 10cc. Ultrasound examination was confirmatory in 29 patients (96.6%). Barium study was positive in 27 cases (90%) and different signs were noted with various percentages. All patients underwent Ramstedt`s operation through right upper transverse incision. The average hospital stay was 3.5 days. The long term results in all the 30 cases were excellent. CONCLUSION: A palpable pyloric mass with suggestive history is a sufficient indication for proceeding to surgical treatment without confirming diagnostic imaging studies. However, when physical findings alone are inconclusive, an upper gastrointestinal series or an abdominal ultrasound examination should be done because of their high sensitivity in identifying the underlying problems. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/76-04 Publication date:June 30th 202

The Value of Ultrasonography in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in Pediatric Age Group

BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergency condition in pediatric age group that need admission to pediatric surgery unit for emergent operation of appendectomy . Any delayed in the diagnosis and operation lead to very serious outcome ,including perforation , abscess formation and appendiceal mass formation and other complications which may lead to high mortality and morbidity rate in case of absence timely performed operation of appendectomy . Ultrasound (USG)is one of the most helpful and informative tool in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children.it is simple , fast , available and with less complications of ionizing radiation that may associated with other modality of radiological methods , like CT . Aims of the study Evaluate the role of USG examination in :- 1-diagnosis of children with suspected appendicitis 2-defining the sensitivity , specificity and the accuracy rate of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. 3-Decreasing the normal appendectomy in pediatric age group/. patients and method This prospective study has been achieved in the central child teaching hospital in Baghdad during the period from February 2015 to December 2015, that enrolled 110 patients that were admitted pediatric surgery Center in Central Child Hospital in Baghdad who were complained from right lower abdominal pain and acute appendicitis was highly suspected at time of examination .USG examination had been done to these patients. Result Clinical presentation and USG criteria of acute appendicitis had been found in 57 cases out of 110 patients , and those underwent appendectomy operation in the Central Child Teaching Hospital in Baghdad . Unvisualization of appendix or normal ultrasonography criteria had been found in 53 patients. 6 patients out of the those of 53 patients with negative USG finding underwent appendectomy operation due to persistence of clinical finding, 3 of them were with normal appendix while the 3 others were with inflamed appendix according to histopathological examination. The other 47 patients from 53 cases who were complain from right lower abdominal pain, but with negative USG findings , kept for observation for 24 hours and then discharged home with follow up these cases by clinical examination and USG once weekly for 2 weeks. The overall result of a study is as follow :- Specificity = 100% Sensitivity = 95% Accuracy rate =97.27% Positive predictive value =100% negative predictive value = 50% conclusion ultrasonographic examination have effective role in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in pediatric age group. Keywords:Acute appendicitis , ultrasonogaphy in acute appendicitis , sensitivity , specificity , accuracy rate. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-06 Publication date: April 30th 202

The Role of Saline Enema in Reduction of Intussusception Under Ultra Sonographic Guide a Study of 40 Patients in Alkarama Teaching Hospital

Background: enema reduction of the intussusception under US guide is widely used as a useful alternative to surgical management. This procedure is simple with no radiational effect , less complication rate with good outcome and the parents can stay with their child during the whole procedure. Aim of study : We tried to present our experience in HRIUSG by the use of normal saline enema and to evaluate its safety, outcome and to identify the risk variables for enema failure. Methodology : From the 1st of June 2016 to 1st of January 2017, we received about 45 children at children welfare hospital (medical city complex) that confirmed sonographically to have intussusception. Five patients were excluded from the study because of contraindications (peritonitis, perforation and shock). 40 children were developed enema reduction under sonographic guide. Results : From 40 children underwent HRIUSG their age presentation range from 3 months to 32 month, 67.4 % had respiratory infection while 32.6 % had gastroenteritis. We had a successful rate about 79 % with a median of 1 trial and only 3 patients (9.3 %) developed recurrence within 1st 24 hr. from the 9 patients underwent surgery we had 8 patients had manual reduction and one patient underwent resection of the bowel. Only 3 patients had PLP. 1 patient ( 2.3% ) was reported to have complication ( perforation over sewn ). Age , gender , duration of symptoms not significantly affect the outcome P value < 0.05 while bleeding with stool, initial mass in the left colon and rectum , presence of free fluid and more trial numbers were a bad prognostic factors for enema failure . Conclusion: 1. HRIUSG is simple, safe, less costly, practical, less messy ,no radiational exposure with a low complication rate 2. Age, gender, Duration of symptoms did not affect the outcome significantly. 3. Although bleeding with stool, left colon intussusception mass and free peritoneal fluid is a risk factor for failure of HRIUSG but they are not absolute contraindication. 4. The better scenario for enema reduction success is a patient presented with symptoms < 24 hr. with no bleeding stool and a mass in the cecum and ascending colon with no free peritoneal fluid. Keywords: saline enema; reduction; intussusception ; ultrasound guide . DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/73-04 Publication date: April 30th 202

Modeling ionic liquids mixture viscosity using Eyring theory combined with a SAFT-based EOS

This work aims to calculate the viscosities of ionic liquid mixtures using the Eyring theory combined with the SAFT-VR Morse EOS. The free volume theory was used to correlate the pure viscosity of ionic liquids (ILs) and solvents. Three model parameters have been adjusted using experimental viscosity data of ILs between 282 K and 413 K and 1 bar to 350 bar. The average ARD%, Bias%, and rmsd between model estimation and viscosity experimental data for pure ILs have been obtained 4.9 %, 1.015 %, and 0.67, respectively. The average error of the proposed model tends to increase at a pressure higher than 200 bar. The average ARD% for [C2mim][Tf2N] and [C6mim][Tf2N] is about 3.8 % and 3.4 % at pressures lower than 200 bar, while the average ARD% values increase sharply at higher pressures. This is due to the weak performance of the SAFT-VR Morse EOS for the calculation of IL density at high pressures. The SAFT-VR Morse EOS has been coupled with the Eyring theory, and the Redlich-Kister mixing rule to estimate the mixture viscosity of ILs-ILs and ILs-solvent systems. The thermal contribution of excess activation free energy has been calculated using the Redlich-Kister mixing rule with four adjustable parameters. The average ARD%, rmsd, and Bias% for fifteen binary mixtures have been obtained 3.9 %, 2.51, and 0.57 %, respectively. The average error values for mixture viscosity of ILs-polar solvent are higher than non-polar solvents. In the case of binary IL-IL systems, the model results are in good agreement with experimental data. The model performance has been evaluated using the viscosity deviation property. The SAFT-VR Morse EOS predicts the negative viscosity deviation. The strong attractive interaction in the mixture than a pure component is the major contribution to negative viscosity deviation. The results show that the new model can calculate the mixture viscosity and viscosity deviation of binary systems satisfactory. The obtained error values of mixture viscosity show that the Eyring theory can be coupled with a SAFT-based EOS to calculate the viscosity of ILs over a wide range of pressures and temperatures satisfactory

Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of novel Polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract

This study involved the preparation of the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract and the production of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers that contained the Saudi Arabian C. angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. The reason for using polyvinylpyrrolidone is its bioactivity and its physical and chemical properties. The structure and characterization of the newly synthesized nanofiber were confirmed using the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, N2 adsorption–desorption curve, hydrophilicity, compressive strength, and flexural strength. The biological activity, including anticancer properties against skin cancer cells and bone cancer cells and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, was assessed. The average diameter and the specific surface area of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract were 87 nm and 1,108 m2/g, respectively. High hydrophilicity compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (contact angle of synthetic nanofibers was 21° and for polyvinylpyrrolidone was 52°), high compressive strength compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (61.23 N/mm2 and 34.52 N/mm2, respectively), and high flexural strength compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (16.1 N/mm2 and 11.4 N/mm2, respectively) were other characteristics of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. In the biological activities of the synthesized nanofiber, unique properties were observed. Regarding the anticancer activity, the IC50 values against skin cancer cells and bone cancer cells were observed to be 19.59 μg/mL and 29.57 μg/mL, respectively. For the antimicrobial activity, the MIC value between 4 and 128 mg/mL was observed. The biological activities of the synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract were higher than those of the Saudi Arabian Cassia angustifolia Vahl methanolic extract. The biological properties can be enhanced by various factors, including the high specific surface area of the synthesized nanofiber

A distributed prediction–compression-based mechanism for energy saving in IoT networks

International audienceNowadays, the number of Internet of things (IoT) devices hasrapidly increased due to their increasing use in differentreal-world applications. The sensor devices represent the basicelement of the IoT network because they gather data from variousenvironments and situations, while the sink node serves as thenetwork’s brain because it processes the data and makes decisions.However, the large amount of data that the sensor devices gatherand send to the gateway toward the sink, on the one hand, causesthe sensor’s limited energy to be depleted and, on the other hand,makes it more difficult to achieve the decisions using these dataat the sink. Therefore, before sending data to the gateway, it isimportant to get rid of any duplicate data while maintaining a highlevel of data quality. In this paper, a distributedprediction–compression-based mechanism (DiPCoM) for saving power inIoT networks is suggested. DiPCoM makes periodic decisions onsending the data to the gateway. It uses the autoregressiveintegrated moving average prediction method in each period topredict the next period’s data and decide whether the current datashould be sent to the gateway. When the decision is made to sendthe data to the gateway, an effective compression approach is usedby DiPCoM to get rid of the duplicate data. It combines differentdata transmission reduction techniques such as adaptive piecewiseconstant approximation, differential encoding, symbolic aggregateapproximation, and Lempel–Ziv–Welch. Simulation results based onreal-world data show that the DiPCoM method is better than othertechniques in terms of energy consumption, data reduction ratio,transferred data size, and data accuracy

Distributed energy-efficient data reduction approach based on prediction and compression to reduce data transmission in IoT networks

International audienceIn the modern world, it will be necessary to deploy a large number of sensor devices to sense everything around us in order to detect changes, risks, and hazards and to mitigate them. This increasing number of sensor devices represents an essential data provider in the Internet of Things (IoT). The devices generate and transmit a huge amounts of data which requires a large amount of storage andhigh processing power to come real-time processing and speed up the network. It also leads to an increase in high energy consumption. Thus, it is important to remove redundant data to reduce the data transmission before sending it to the gateway while maintaining a good level of data quality. In this paper, a distributedenergy-efficient data reduction (DEDaR) approach based on prediction and compression to minimize the data transmission in IoT Networks is proposed. The DEDaR is used in periods to make decision. In each period, the autoregressive prediction (ARP) is used to predict the data of the next period and make a decision on whether to send the data of the current period to the gateway or not. In the case of data transmission, the redundant data are eliminated using an efficient compression approach based on adaptive piecewise constant approximation (APCA), symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX), and finally fixed code dictionary (FCD) based on Huffman encoding. The simulation results based on real-sensed data show that the proposed DEDaR approach outperforms the other recent methods in terms of data reduction percentage, transmitted data size, energy consumption, and data accuracy