Sport as an effective goal to increase self-concept and hope: a comparison study between athlete and non-athlete women with visual impairments

  Background: Nowadays, improving the quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities is a goal of rehabilitation. Among these, one of the most common and important physical disability groups is the Visual Impairment (VI). The aim of the present study was to compare the VI in athlete and non-athlete women in terms of self-concept and hope.  Methods: In the present case-control study, 120 blind athlete and non-athlete women, resident of Tehran (60 participants in each group), were selected using simple random sampling method, according to the list provided by Goal Ball and Track-and-Field teams of the Blind and Visually Impaired Federation (60 blind athlete women) and Association of the Blind, Visually Impaired, and White Cane (60 blind non-athlete women) from March 2015 to August 2016. Both groups responded to Rogers' self-concept and Snyder's hope scales. Data were analyzed using t-test for independent measures.   Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between two VI groups of athletes and non-athletes in terms of real self-concept (t=6.02, P<0.001), ideal self-concept (t=3.6, P=0.005), and hope (t=4.4, P<0.001). Therefore, the VI athlete women had better self-concept and higher hope compared with the non-athletes.  Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems that the exercise and physical activity, as a facilitating and health-promoting factor, plays a significant role in two variables of self-concept and hope in blind women. Hence, the inclusion of sport activities in programs for disabled people, especially for the VIs, can significantly be helpful to improve their psychological state

The Effect of Training Flow Chart Behavioral Management Program by Mobile to Mothers of Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder for Reducing Oppositional and Hyperactivity Symptoms: one-single sample experimental study

Introduction: Opposition and hyperactivity are among behaviors of children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Nowadays, due to the changes in life style and busy life, direct referring to health provider is difficult. Therefore, the present study was done to examine the effectiveness of training behavior management flowchart by mobile to mothers for reducing oppositional and hyperactivity symptoms in children with oppositional defiant disorder. Method: This research was done in Tehran/ Iran in 2018 and through single case experiment by A-B model. Four mothers whose children had gained high scores of ODD were selected for training in eighth sessions of 60-90 minutes. Mothers received the training program of behavior management for six virtual sessions through mobile phone and two in person sessions. Data were analyzed using chart, improve percent and RCI. Results: The overall improvement was 61.43% for defiant and 69.74% for hyperactivity. In one-month follow up, both mentioned variables improved (75.77% and 79.47% respectively). According to the results, the two hypotheses were clinically significant. Conclusion: The mobile health technology is a low cost, available, and suitable method for mental health services and can be used as a complementary health service for mothers who have a child with oppositional defiant disorder

Comparison of mothers with normal pregnancy and surrogate uterine in terms of maternal-fetal attachment and feelings of guilt after relinquishment

Background: Today, there are several methods in medicine to treat the infertility, and surrogate uterine is one of the new methods. The aim of the current study was to compare the Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) and feelings of guilt of women volunteered to be surrogate mothers at the time of relinquishing the child to the biological parents and those of the women with normal pregnancies.  Methods: The present case control study was conducted on 30 women volunteered to be surrogate mothers after the birth of infants and relinquishing to the biological parents from October 2015 to January 2016 and 30 women who had normal pregnancy after childbirth using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Cranley's Maternal-Fetus Attachment Scale, and Test of Self-Conscious Affect. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0., running Levene's test and independent t-test. The significant level was considered as P<0.05.    Results: The mean score of maternal-fetal attachment behaviors in women with gestational surrogacy and with normal pregnancy was 89.2±11.35 and 95.9±8.52, respectively (P=0.02). The means of guilt in women with gestational surrogacy and with normal pregnancy were 65.1±6.64 and 63.7±10.05, respectively (P=0.12)  Conclusion: Maternal-fetus attachment score in surrogate mothers was less than that in normal mothers. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference in guilt between surrogate and normal mothers. In other words, surrogate mothers did not feel guiltier than normal ones

Investigating the effects of emotional maturity and self--discrepancy on the religious attitude of pre-college adolescent girls in Tehran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Achieve to emotional maturity and lack of self-discrepancy is important factors in people’s religious attitudes. So the aim this study is Investigating the effects of emotional maturity and self-­discrepancy on the religious attitude of pre-college adolescent girls in TehranMethods: The research method is descriptive and correctional. statistical population consists of all pre-college student girls in Tehran. 405 students were selected using Morgan table and multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were emotional maturity questionnaire, self-discrepancy questionnaire and religious attitude questionnaire. Collected data has been analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest.Results: This study Investigated that emotional maturity and self-discrepancy variables determined religious attitudes with a factor of 0.10. The emotional maturity factor (beta-0.31) has the greatest impact on religious attitudes (p<0.01), and real-ideal self-­discrepancy with beta 0.11 is the second factor influencing religious attitude in adolescent girls (p<0.05). In this explanation, real-­ought self discrepancy had no significant effect on the religious attitude (p>0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that emotional maturity and self-discrepancy variables play important role in the religious attitude of adolescent girls. Therefore these variables must be considered to promote their religion, and field of necessary education to students such as life skills training should be provided to improve emotional maturity and self-discrepancy.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.

Self-compassion and Health Promotion Behaviors in Women with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Background & Objectives: Type 2 diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases and is more common in women. There are many psychological and physical components involved in the prevention of type 2 diabetes, such as self-compassion and health-promoting behaviors. The present study was done to compare self-compassion and health promoting behaviors between women with and without type 2 diabetes. Methods: This descriptive- analytic study was carried out on 100 women with and 100 women without type 2 diabetes in Tehran/ Iran selected through convenience sampling in 2018. Data were collected using self-compassion and Walker’s health promoting questionnaires. Data analysis was done using t-test and through SPSS22 software package. Results: According to the results, both self-compassion and health promoting behaviors showed significant difference in women with and without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: It is essential that diabetic patients follow behaviors such as healthy diet, regular exercise and body care to improve their physical health and to reduce depression and anxiety through self-compassion. Key­words: Self-compassion, Health promotion behaviors, Diabetes type 2 Citation: Javadi Arzanagh Z, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A. Self-compassion and Health Promotion Behaviors in Women with and without Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Health Based Research 2019; 5(3): 235-45. [In Persian

Relationship of Spiritual Experiences and Hope with Living in Present among Men with Cancer in Tehran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Cancer is the third leading cause of mortality in Iran. Along with other interventions, spiritual experiences, hope and living in present are very important among patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between spiritual experiences and hope with living in the present among men in Tehran in 2016.Method: This descriptive and correlation study was conducted on a sample of 100 men with cancer who were in Tehran by 2016, using available sampling method. The participants completed three questionnaires: Snyder's Hope Questionnaire, Underwood and Tersi's Spiritual Experiences, and Sepahvand and Arab’s Living in Present. Data analysis was performed using single-variable and multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. In this research, all ethical issues were observed and the researchers declared no conflicts of interests.Results: The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between hope and living in present time (p<.01) and also between spiritual experiences and living in present time (p<.05).Conclusion: It seems that therapists need to consider the positive psychological and spiritual role of accepting and improving the treatment of cancer. Spiritual experience which involves communication with God, prayers, and receiving spirituality in life can lead to more congruent behaviors among cancer patients such as finding meaning in life and the experience of living in present. Eventually, these resources can contribute to individual growth and patient empowerment in redefining the disease.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: khodabakhshi-koolaee A, Farhangi D. Relationship of Spiritual Experiences and Hope with Living in Present among Men with Cancer in Tehran.J Res Relig Health. 2019; 5(2): 75- 88.  doi: https://doi.org/10.22037/jrrh.v5i2.1915

The effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Aging and disability are two phenomena that occur in all human societies, and more than half of the world's elderly population are women, most of whom live in developing countries. Some studies have shown that spirituality plays a part in reducing the psychological problems and anxieties among the elderly. The goal of present study was to examine the effect of prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities who live in the nursing center of Tafresh.Method: This study adopted a quasi-experimental design including a pretest and a posttest as well as an experimental and a control group. Thirty elderly females with physical-motor disabilities were selected from the nursing center of Tafresh, Arak province in 2016. Data were collected by administering the meaning of life questionnaire (MLQ) and test anxiety of death (DAS) before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANVOCA) was used for data analysis. All ethical issues were observed in this study and the authors declared no conflict of interests.Results: Comparing the pretest and posttest conditions, significant differences were observed in the meaning of life and death anxiety overall mean scores of elderly women with physical-motor disabilities (P<0/05).Conclusion: The results showed that mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy increased the meaning of life and reduced death anxiety in elderly women.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A, Heidari F, Zangeneh Motlagh F. The effect of mixed prayer and positive psychology group therapy on life meaning and death anxiety among elderly women with physical-motor disabilities. J Res Relig Health. 2018; 4(2): 16- 28

Explanation of Spiritual Experiences of Mothers of Cancer Children: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study

Introduction: The occurrence of ancer in children affects the quality of life of family directly or indirectly. Meanwhile, mothers are the main caregivers and the psychological distress that mothers experience are more than those experienced by other family members. Since in Iran many people resort to spiritual beliefs in dealing with life difficulties, getting aware of the spiritual experiences of mothers of cancer children is very important and useful. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explain the spiritual experiences of mothers of cancer children. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using a descriptive phenomenological method. The statistical population of the study included mothers of cancer children hospitalized in Mahak Pediatric Cancer Hospital in Tehran in 2018. Twenty mothers were selected using purposive sampling. The data were collected via semi-structrued interviews and data collection continued until theoretical data saturation. The data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method. Results: Three main categories and thirteen subcategories were identified in this study. The main categories included "Experiencing spiritual moments and closeness to God", "The mothers’ deep psychological and emotional experiences", and "The improvement of family interactions". Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that mothers of cancer children gain valuable spiritual experiences concerning their closeness to God as well as psychological and emotional dimensions. These experiences help to change the view of mothers toward their children’s disease

The Comparison of the Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Concept of Blinds and Sighted High School Girl Students in Tehran

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objectives: Spiritual intelligence and self-concept could have a positive influence on inclusive development of high school students. The purpose of this study is to compare the spiritual intelligence and self-concept of blinds and sighted high school girls in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This research is causal-comparative study. The Statistical population of this research includes all the blind and sighted high school girl students in the Academic year of 1394-95 in Tehran. The studied sample consisted of 50 blinds and 50 sighted high school girls. The blinds were selected using the Purposive sampling and the sighted students by the available sampling. Data were collected using the spiritual intelligence questionnaire of Badiee and self-concept questionnaire of Rogers. Two main statistical methodologies were used in data analysis: descriptive statistics by using frequency distribution, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics using ANOVA. In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered.Results: Results revealed that there was a significantly difference between the blinds and sighted groups in spiritual intelligence. The blinds reported significantly higher spiritual intelligence comparing to their sighted peers. However no significant difference in self-concept was observed between two groups.Conclusion:It is concluded that the perception and the attitude of blind students toward their ability are in high level and are in equal rank to their sighted counterparts.Keywords:Blinds, Self-concept, Spiritual intelligence, StudentsFor downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Semnanian S, khodabakhshi koolaee A. The Comparison of the Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Concept of Blinds and Sighted High School Girl Students in Tehran J Res Relig Health.2017;3(1): 42- 5

The relationship of family functioning and self-control to religious orientation among mothers of autistic children

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Background and Objective: Self-control in religious texts is a comprehensive and unique system, which is derived from the surveillance of God upon one’s actions and control of one's own actions. Since self-control in Islamic teachings plays a decisive role in human life, this study aimed to examine the correlations among family functioning, self-control and religious orientation among mothers of children with autism.Method: This descriptive correlational study used a convenience sampling technique. 100 mothers of autistic children participated in this study in years 1394 and 1395. The Participants completed 3 questionnaires: Tangney Self-control Scale, General Functioning subscale of the MC Master Family Assessment Device (FAD), and Allport Religious Orientation Scale. Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. All ethical issues were observed in this research and the researchers declared no conflict of interests.Results: The findings indicated a significant positive correlation between self-control and religious orientation and also between self-control and family functioning (p<0.05). This means that the more self-control, the higher religious orientation, and vice versa. Furthermore, with increase in family functioning, self-control increased and the other way round (p<0.05). No relationship between family functioning and internal and external religious orientation was found.Conclusion: The findings of the present study highlight the relationship between religious-orientation and self-control. Therefore, preventive measures, education, and religious interventions along with self-control need to considered more than before.For downloading the full-text of this article please click here.Please cite this article as: Kafashpour Marandi A, Khodabakhshi –Koolaee A. The relationship of family functioning and self-control to religious orientation among mothers of autistic children. J Res Relig Health 2018; 4(3): 21-3