108 research outputs found
Odnosi izmeÄu braÄe i sestara i liÄnost u ranom/srednjem djetinjstvu s roditeljskog stajaliÅ”ta
Sibling relationship and personality characteristics of 87 pre-school sibling dyads were measured twice one year apart. Using the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (Halverson et al., 2003), mothers and fathers rated their childrenās personality traits. Parent-perceived warmth, agonism, and rivalry/competition in sibling relationship were assessed by Parental Expectations and Perceptions of Children\u27s Sibling Relationships Questionnaire (Kramer, 2001). The results suggest that (a) parental ratings of both siblingsā personality, and (b) match in their personalities are contemporaneously and longitudinally associated with parent-perceived sibling relationship dimensions. The relations were more consistent for negative than positive aspects of sibling relationship. Older siblingsā personality contributed somewhat more to the relationship than individual characteristics of younger ones. Across the cross-rater analyses and measurement occasions, disagreeableness was most consistently linked to sibling relationship. The role of siblingsā (dis)similarity in high or low end of particular personality traits in their relationship quality is also highlighted.Odnos izmeÄu braÄe i sestara te obilježja liÄnosti 87 dijada predÅ”kolske dobi mjereni su dva puta u razmaku od godine dana. PomoÄu Inventara pojedinaÄnih razlika kod djece (Halverson i sur., 2003), majke i oÄevi ocijenili su obilježja liÄnosti svoje djece. Roditeljska procjena topline, sukoba i suparniÅ”tva/natjecanja u bratskim i sestrinskim odnosima ocijenjena je pomoÄu Upitnika roditeljskih oÄekivanja i percepcija bratskih i sestrinskih odnosa djece (Kramer, 2001). Rezultati su pokazali da su (a) roditeljska procjena obilježja liÄnosti braÄe i sestara i (b) podudarnost njihovih liÄnosti i u trenutku ispitivanja i longitudinalno povezani s roditeljskom percepcijom odnosa izmeÄu braÄe i sestara. Povezanost je bila viÅ”e dosljedna za negativne nego pozitivne aspekte odnosa braÄe i sestara. LiÄnost starijeg brata ili sestre viÅ”e je pridonosila odnosu od individualnih obilježja mlaÄeg brata ili sestre. Analize ocjenjivaÄa i uvjeta mjerenja pokazale su veÄu povezanost osobine neugodnosti s odnosima braÄe i sestara. TakoÄer je naglaÅ”ena vrijednost (ne)jednakosti braÄe i sestara na odreÄenim obilježjima liÄnosti za njihov odnos
Subjektivna dob tijekom odrasle dobi
Subjective age ā defined as age felt ā was measured in a sample of 782 respondents, aged between 18 and 89 years. Adults younger than 20 years had on average somewhat older subjective ages and those older than 20 reported younger subjective ages relative to their chronological age. The discrepancy between subjective age and actual age in years increased over adulthood. Differences for chronological age but not for gender and education were found in respondents reporting positive, negative and no subjective-actual age discrepancy. When the age discrepancy between subjective and actual age was considered as a proportion of chronological age, no increase was noted after the fourth decade of life; the respondents over 37 years felt about 15% younger than their actual age. Gender and education did not account for differences in the proportional age discrepancy with the full sample, whereas with the elderly subsample (N = 106) neither demographic variables (marital status, living arrangement and place of residence) nor five robust personality dimensions were linked to the discrepancy significantly. At the facet level, dominance and kindness were related to the proportional age discrepancy but a negligible portion of variance was explained.Subjektivna dob ā definirana kao osjeÄaj dobi ā mjerenja je na uzorku od 782 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 89 godina. Odrasle osobe mlaÄe od 20 godina imale su, u prosjeku, neÅ”to stariju subjektivnu dob, a oni stariji od 20 godina mlaÄu subjektivnu dob u skladu s kronoloÅ”kom dobi. Razlika izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi u godinama se poveÄala tijekom odrasle dobi. Razlike po kronoloÅ”koj dobi, ali ne po spolu i obrazovanju naÄene su kod ispitanika koji su prijavili pozitivnu, negativnu ili nikakvu razliku izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi. Kada se razmatrala razlika izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi kao postotak kronoloÅ”ke dobi, nije uoÄeno poveÄanje nakon 4. desetljeÄa života, ispitanici stariji od 37 godina osjeÄali su se 15% mlaÄe od stvarne dobi. Spol i obrazovanje nisu utjecali na razlike u proporcionalnoj dobnoj razlici na punom uzorku, dok kod starijeg poduzorka (N = 106), ni demografske varijable (braÄni status, životne okolnosti i mjesto stanovanja) ni pet osnovnih obilježja liÄnosti nisu znaÄajno povezani s razlikom. Na razini faceta, dominacija i ljubaznost povezane su s proporcionalnom dobnom razlikom, ali je objaÅ”njen samo zanemariv dio varijance
Subjektivna dob tijekom odrasle dobi
Subjective age ā defined as age felt ā was measured in a sample of 782 respondents, aged between 18 and 89 years. Adults younger than 20 years had on average somewhat older subjective ages and those older than 20 reported younger subjective ages relative to their chronological age. The discrepancy between subjective age and actual age in years increased over adulthood. Differences for chronological age but not for gender and education were found in respondents reporting positive, negative and no subjective-actual age discrepancy. When the age discrepancy between subjective and actual age was considered as a proportion of chronological age, no increase was noted after the fourth decade of life; the respondents over 37 years felt about 15% younger than their actual age. Gender and education did not account for differences in the proportional age discrepancy with the full sample, whereas with the elderly subsample (N = 106) neither demographic variables (marital status, living arrangement and place of residence) nor five robust personality dimensions were linked to the discrepancy significantly. At the facet level, dominance and kindness were related to the proportional age discrepancy but a negligible portion of variance was explained.Subjektivna dob ā definirana kao osjeÄaj dobi ā mjerenja je na uzorku od 782 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 89 godina. Odrasle osobe mlaÄe od 20 godina imale su, u prosjeku, neÅ”to stariju subjektivnu dob, a oni stariji od 20 godina mlaÄu subjektivnu dob u skladu s kronoloÅ”kom dobi. Razlika izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi u godinama se poveÄala tijekom odrasle dobi. Razlike po kronoloÅ”koj dobi, ali ne po spolu i obrazovanju naÄene su kod ispitanika koji su prijavili pozitivnu, negativnu ili nikakvu razliku izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi. Kada se razmatrala razlika izmeÄu subjektivne i stvarne dobi kao postotak kronoloÅ”ke dobi, nije uoÄeno poveÄanje nakon 4. desetljeÄa života, ispitanici stariji od 37 godina osjeÄali su se 15% mlaÄe od stvarne dobi. Spol i obrazovanje nisu utjecali na razlike u proporcionalnoj dobnoj razlici na punom uzorku, dok kod starijeg poduzorka (N = 106), ni demografske varijable (braÄni status, životne okolnosti i mjesto stanovanja) ni pet osnovnih obilježja liÄnosti nisu znaÄajno povezani s razlikom. Na razini faceta, dominacija i ljubaznost povezane su s proporcionalnom dobnom razlikom, ali je objaÅ”njen samo zanemariv dio varijance
Personality, life events, and three components of subsequent subjective well-being in Female University students
The study investigated the effect of personality traits (wave 1), change in personality traits over a one-year time period (from wave 1 to wave 2), and life events over the past year (wave 2 reports) on three components of female university studentsā (N = 280; mean age 20.2 years) subsequent (wave 2) subjective well-being, i.e. emotional (EWB), psychological (PWB), and social (SoWB). We applied the Big Five Inventory to evaluate personality, the Scale of Significant Life Events in Emerging Adulthood to assess the number of life events and student-perceived influence of these events on their lives, and the Mental Health Continuum ā Short Form to measure EWB, PWB, and SoWB. Each of the Big Five traits played a significant and somewhat different role in predicting subsequent levels of the components of well-being, over and beyond background variables. Baseline levels of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and positive life events were associated with both EWB and PWB. Whereas an increase in Extraversion and a decrease in Neuroticism predicted EWB, an increase in Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness contributed to PWB. Baseline levels of Extraversion and an increase in Agreeableness were also predictive of SoWB. In support to the validity of the three-component model of well-being, the findings suggest the Big Five as a significant force in shaping different aspects of female studentsā well-being differentially, whereas the important but not extremely adverse or favourable life events within the past year show little influence above the effects of personality
Procjena li8Änosti u ranom djetinjstvu kao pokazatelj razvojnih obilježja u posljednjoj predÅ”kolskoj godini
The study investigated the predictive validity of three-year-old childrenās personality ratings by parents and pre-school teachers in explaining pre-schoolersā (N = 253) social behaviour and intelligence two years later. Parental variables (education, self-reported parenting practices) and age of a childās entry into pre-school were also accounted for but did not significantly contribute to the child outcomes. The reduced models with significant predictors explained 14%, 7%, 16% and 2% of variance in teacher reports on childrenās social competence, internalising behaviour, externalising behaviour and non-verbal intelligence score, respectively. Early personality ratings were predictive of later outcomes in pre-schoolers. Teacher-rated child conscientiousness/openness was associated with social competence and low incidence of externalising behaviour in pre-school, whereas ratings of extraversion/emotional stability were negatively related to internalising but positively linked to childrenās externalising behaviour. The latter was also predicted by teacher-observed early disagreeableness. Parentsā ratings of child extraversion predicted low levels of internalising behaviour in pre-school, and their perceptions of conscientiousness were predictive of childrenās intelligence two years later.Istraživanje je prouÄavalo valjanost procjene liÄnosti trogodiÅ”nje djece (N = 253) od strane roditelja i predÅ”kolskih odgajatelja u objaÅ”njenju njihova socijalnog ponaÅ”anja i inteligencije dvije godine poslije. Roditeljske varijable (obrazovanje, stil roditeljstva) i dob djetetova ulaska u predÅ”kolski sustav objaÅ”njene su, ali nisu znaÄajno utjecale na djetetov ishod. Smanjeni modeli znaÄajni su prediktori koji objaÅ”njavaju 14, 7, 16 i 2% varijance u izvjeÅ”Äu odgajatelja o socijalnoj kompetenciji djeteta, internalizirajuÄeg ponaÅ”anja, eksternalizirajuÄeg ponaÅ”anja i neverbalne inteligencije. Rana procjena liÄnosti predviÄala je kasnija obilježja djece predÅ”kolske dobi. Marljivost/otvorenost djece prema procjenama odgajatelja povezani su sa socijalnom kompetencijom i niskom incidencijom eksternalizirajuÄeg ponaÅ”anja u vrtiÄu, a procjene ekstraverzije/emocionalne stabilnosti negativno su korelirane s internalizacijom, ali pozitivno s eksternalizirajuÄim ponaÅ”anjem djeteta. Posljednje je takoÄer povezano s niskom razinom ugodnosti koju su uoÄili odgajatelji. Roditeljska ocjena djeÄje ekstraverzije predviÄala je niske razine internalizirajuÄeg ponaÅ”anja u vrtiÄu, a njihove percepcije savjesnosti predviÄale su inteligenciju djeteta dvije godine poslije
Personality traits predicting different aspects of subjective well-being in elderly adults
The study examined unique predictive relations of personality traits with three components of subjective well-being (WB) in a normative sample (N = 272; 70% females) of Slovene elderly (M = 71.82 years, SD = 6.03). Investigating the concurrent relationships, we relied on the Big Five personality model and the Keyesās model of WB, which entails emotional well-being (EWB), psychological well-being (PWB), and social well-being (SoWB). We also considered the participantsā background characteristics (age, gender, marital status and educational level), and their subjective health status in predicting the components of WB. The respondents filled-in a scale of subjective health, constructed for the purpose of the study, the Big Five Inventory and the Mental Health Continuum ā Short Form. The demographic characteristics did not significantly contribute to any aspect of WB, whereas self-reported health significantly improved the prediction of EWB and PWB. The Big Five uniquely predicted all of the components of WB, over and above demographics and subjective health. Agreeableness was a significant single predictor across the components of WB. Higher levels of conscientiousness and lower levels of neuroticism contributed to EWB. Conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness predicted PWB, and openness predicted SoWB
Koncentracije zdravilnih uÄinkovin v slovenskih komunalnih in bolniÅ”niÄnih odpadnih vodah: preliminarna raziskava
Pharmaceuticals in wastewater have clearly raised concern and a broad range of analytical methods has been used to assess the risk as accurately as possible. The aim of our study was to measure and compare the concentrations of atorvastatin, bisoprolol, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, clofibric acid, diclofenac, fluoxetine, metoprolol, and sertraline in wastewater samples taken from one municipal and one hospital wastewater treatment plant in Slovenia and to predict the potential environmental burden using the risk quotient. In both effluents only clofibric acid and fluoxetine were not detected. The measured concentrations of the remaining seven pharmaceuticals varied between the ng L-1 and the Ī¼g L-1 range. Hospital effluent showed higher concentrations, except for diclofenac and carbamazepine. However, high risk quotient was found only for ciprofloxacin and diclofenac in both municipal and hospital effluent. In conclusion, our method can provide a useful tool for systematic monitoring of pharmaceuticals commonly found in wastewater, which will enable a reliable assessment of the risks for the aquatic biota and humans. Knowing the risks will help to plan wastewater treatment and preserve our environment.Koncentracije zdravilnih uÄinkovin v slovenskih komunalnih in bolniÅ”niÄnih odpadnih vodah: preliminarna raziskava. Pojavljanje ostankov zdravilnih uÄinkovin v odpadnih vodah postaja vedno bolj aktualna tematika in poslediÄno se Å”iri nabor analiznih metod, ki omogoÄajo natanÄno ugotavljanje njihove prisotnosti in služijo kot orodje za napovedovanje tveganja teh onesnažil v vodnem okolju. Namen naÅ”e raziskave je bil kvantitativno ovrednotiti prisotnost izbranih zdravilnih uÄinkovin (atorvastatin, bisoprolol, ciprofloksacin, diklofenak, fluoksetin karbamazepin, klofibrinska kislina, metoprolol in sertralin) na iztoku ene komunalne in ene bolniÅ”niÄne Äistilne naprave. Na osnovi meritev koncentracij smo z uporabo koliÄnika tveganja ocenili okoljsko breme vkljuÄenih spojin. Ugotovili smo prisotnost sedmih zdravilnih uÄinkovin, medtem ko klofibrinske kisline in fluoksetina nismo zaznali v nobenem vzorcu. Izmerjene koncentracije so bile v Å”irokem koncentracijskem obmoÄju (od ng L-1 do Ī¼g L-1), praviloma viÅ”je v bolniÅ”niÄni odpadni vodi, z izjemo diklofenaka in karbamazepina. IzraÄunan koliÄnik tveganja nakazuje na visoko tveganje za ciprofloksacin in diklofenak v vseh analiziranih vzorcih odpadnih voda. Raziskava je pokazala, da je razvita metoda primerno orodje za nadaljnje Å”tudije, ki bodo na podlagi sistematiÄnega spremljanja teh novodobnih onesnažil v odpadnih vodah omogoÄile zanesljivejÅ”o oceno tveganja za izpostavljene vodne organizme in tudi za zdravje ljudi. Poznavanje teh tveganj bo prispevalo k naÄrtovanju ustrezne tehnologije ÄiÅ”Äenja odpadnih voda in poslediÄno k ohranjanju Äistega in zdravega okolja
Poznavanje dejstev in zmotna prepriÄanja o starejÅ”ih: Implikacije za izobraževanje in delo s starejÅ”imi
Knowledge of the characteristics of psychological functioning in the elderly is a precondition for preservation and improvement of their competences, welfare and inclusion in the society. This article presents the findings of the Slovene research study about the knowledge of the facts concerning aging and the characteristics of the elderly, based on an extensive sample of adults of different ages and of different educational backgrounds. Acquaintance with the facts concerning the elderly grows with the level of education; the young during the period of transition into adulthood on the one hand and older people on the other, however, tend to have a lower awareness of the relevant facts. In general, understanding of the psychological aspects of aging, the characteristics of the elderly and their ability to learn, change and work is relatively low. Most adults are familiar with the facts concerning the physical condition, health and some peculiarities of psychological functioning in the elderly. However, mistaken beliefs reflecting negative attitudes to aging and older people are relatively wideĀspread, especially with regard to the cognitive, or rather, a wider range of psychoĀsocial functioning of the elderly. Therefore, we believe that both formal and informal education require provision of appropriate information for adults.Poznavanje znaÄilnosti psiholoÅ”kega delovanja starejÅ”ih je prvi pogoj za razvijanje naÄinov ohranjanja in izboljÅ”anja njihove kompetentnosti, blagostanja in vkljuÄevanja v družbo. V prispevku predstavljamo ugotovitve slovenske raziskave o poznavanju dejstev o staranju in znaÄilnostih starejÅ”ih oseb pri velikem vzorcu razliÄno starih in razliÄno izobraženih odraslih. Z ravnjo izobrazbe se poznavanje dejstev o starejÅ”ih poveÄuje, mladi na prehodu v odraslost in starostniki pa v primerjavi s posamezniki v zgodnji in srednji odraslosti poznajo nekoliko manj teh dejstev. V sploÅ”nem je poznavanje psiholoÅ”kega vidika staranja, znaÄilnosti starejÅ”ih in njihovih potencialov za uÄenje, spreminjanje in delo na razmeroma nizki ravni. VeÄina odraslih pozna dejstva o telesnem stanju, zdravju in nekaterih posebnostih psiholoÅ”kega delovanja starejÅ”ih. Precej razÅ”irjena pa so zmotna prepriÄanja, ki odražajo negativne stereotipe o staranju in starejÅ”ih osebah, zlasti na podroÄju spoznavnega, oziroma Å”irÅ”e, psihosocialnega delovanja starejÅ”ih. Na tej podlagi menimo, da je za formalno in neformalno izobraževanje pomembno ustrezno informiranje odraslih
A āCrossomicsā Study Analysing Variability of Different Components in Peripheral Blood of Healthy Caucasoid Individuals
Background: Different immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases are being developed and tested in clinical studies worldwide. Their resulting complex experimental data should be properly evaluated, therefore reliable normal healthy control baseline values are indispensable. Methodology/Principal Findings: To assess intra- and inter-individual variability of various biomarkers, peripheral blood of 16 age and gender equilibrated healthy volunteers was sampled on 3 different days within a period of one month. Complex "crossomics'' analyses of plasma metabolite profiles, antibody concentrations and lymphocyte subset counts as well as whole genome expression profiling in CD4(+)T and NK cells were performed. Some of the observed age, gender and BMI dependences are in agreement with the existing knowledge, like negative correlation between sex hormone levels and age or BMI related increase in lipids and soluble sugars. Thus we can assume that the distribution of all 39.743 analysed markers is well representing the normal Caucasoid population. All lymphocyte subsets, 20% of metabolites and less than 10% of genes, were identified as highly variable in our dataset. Conclusions/Significance: Our study shows that the intra- individual variability was at least two-fold lower compared to the inter-individual one at all investigated levels, showing the importance of personalised medicine approach from yet another perspective
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