Modification of Carica papaya seeds with NaOH for copper removal from water

As people work to create a sustainable future, initiatives to improve the state of the environment have recently taken precedence. Due to the persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their nonbiodegradable nature, heavy metal contamination has become a global issue. In conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals, this study proposes a green method of heavy metal removal by applying Carica papaya seeds (CPS) as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient adsorbent to remove copper (Cu) from the environment. To increase its potential in adsorbing copper(II) ions, CPS were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of the adsorbent mass, pH, initial metal solution concentrations, and contact time were investigated in batch experiments. The optimum pH and contact time for CPS are pH 3–5 and 120 min, respectively, and the highest percentage of removal achieved is 82%. The adsorbent was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the Cu adsorption process. In conclusion, the chemically treated CPS can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for Cu removal from aqueous solutions

Modification of carica papaya seeds with naoh for copper removal from water

As people work to create a sustainable future, initiatives to improve the state of the environment have recently taken precedence. Due to the persistence of heavy metals in the environment and their nonbiodegradable nature, heavy metal contamination has become a global issue. In conjunction with the Sustainable Development Goals, this study proposes a green method of heavy metal removal by applying Carica papaya seeds (CPS) as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient adsorbent to remove copper (Cu) from the environment. To increase its potential in adsorbing copper(II) ions, CPS were treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The effects of the adsorbent mass, pH, initial metal solution concentrations, and contact time were investigated in batch experiments. The optimum pH and contact time for CPS are pH 3-5 and 120 min, respectively, and the highest percentage of removal achieved is 82%. The adsorbent was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to analyze the Cu adsorption process. In conclusion, the chemically treated CPS can be utilized as a potential bio-adsorbent for Cu removal from aqueous solutions

Islamic landscape: the interpretation and viability of Islamic courtyard in Malaysia

The culture of Kuala Lumpur city dwellers is fast paced in addition to the rapid development in urban areas that contributes further to the built environment landscape. This community needs an opportunity to escape from the hustle and bustle of their daily routine to areas that promotes tranquility, greenery and humility. However, open spaces with possibilities in greenery landscape are decreasing and becoming limited. Strategies to attain such desire in an immediate outdoor space could be inculcated through the design of a courtyard. This concept is quintessential to an Islamic landscape. Fountains, pool, shade and occasional trees are also a symbolic reflection of paradise, as mentioned in the Quran. The concept of paradise garden varies according to culture but it roots on an ideal garden for people to feel the tranquility and as therapy. From this concept the Charbagh style of garden planning took root and the four-folded garden came into interpretation. This research is an attempt to investigate the possibilities and outcome for a courtyard to be part of Malaysia’s built environment. The main techniques involved are content analysis, observation and survey questionnaire. Case study is made on the courtyard of Federal Territory Mosque in Kuala Lumpur, also known as Laman Hidayah. Further studies were made at a commercial courtyards in Kuala Lumpur. 30 respondents were chosen to answer the questionnaire. Additionally, peoples’ behavioral pattern was recorded to observe the functions of the courtyards. The results suggested that an Islamic courtyard could be integrated and applied into Malaysia’s built environment providing that the correct selection of elements are arranged in relation to the surrounding. This design approach too may instill the appreciation in man towards God and His creation