Palladium-Catalyzed, Asymmetric Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Benzylic Electrophiles Using Phosphoramidites as Chiral Ligands

We report herein the first examples of asymmetric Mizoroki–Heck reactions using benzyl electrophiles. A new phosphoramidite was identified to be an effective chiral ligand in the palladium–catalyzed reaction. The reaction is compatible with polar functional groups and can be readily scaled up. Several cyclic olefins worked well as olefin components. Thirty-one examples are included

Palladium-Catalyzed, Asymmetric Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Benzylic Electrophiles Using Phosphoramidites as Chiral Ligands

We report herein the first examples of asymmetric Mizoroki–Heck reactions using benzyl electrophiles. A new phosphoramidite was identified to be an effective chiral ligand in the palladium–catalyzed reaction. The reaction is compatible with polar functional groups and can be readily scaled up. Several cyclic olefins worked well as olefin components. Thirty-one examples are included

Development of a Scalable Process for α‑Amino-ω-methoxyl-dodecaethylene Glycol

We have developed a process for the efficient and scalable preparation of hetero­function­alized dodeca­ethylene glycol from the readily available tetra­ethylene glycol and its macro­cyclic sulfate. By employing the benzyl group as both a protecting group and a separative tag, multiple chromato­graphic separations were avoided. With this method, α-amino-ω-methyl-dodeca­ethylene glycol was prepared on a 53 g scale with high purity and 61% overall yield in eight steps and one chromato­graphic separation

Top-down Targeted Metabolomics Reveals a Sulfur-Containing Metabolite with Inhibitory Activity against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in <i>Asparagus officinalis</i>

The discovery of bioactive natural compounds containing sulfur, which is crucial for inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), is a challenging task in metabolomics. Herein, a new S-containing metabolite, asparaptine (<b>1</b>), was discovered in the spears of <i>Asparagus officinalis</i> by targeted metabolomics using mass spectrometry for S-containing metabolites. The contribution ratio (2.2%) to the IC₅₀ value in the crude extract showed that asparaptine (<b>1</b>) is a new ACE inhibitor

Additional file 1: of Effects of the complete replacement of fish oil with linseed oil on growth, fatty acid composition, and protein expression in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

Table S1. Differentially expressed proteins in the hepatopancreas of crabs fed with FO and LO. (XLSX 58 kb

Effect of photoperiod on DA₂ mRNA expression (normalized to 18S expression) in the cranial ganglia, thoracic ganglia and eyestalks of crabs cultured in different light conditions compared with the control treatment (L:D = 12h:12h).

<p>Values are the means± SE (n = 8–10). Bars with different letters indicate statistically significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

DA₂ mRNA expression levels in the hepatopancreas and intestines during different feeding statuses.

<p>Values are the means± SE (n = 6). Bars with different letters indicate statistical significant differences (<i>P</i><0.05).</p

Fe₂O₃‑Promoted Intermolecular Chlorotrifluoromethylthiolation of Alkenes

A simple, convenient method for intermolecular chlorotrifluoromethylthiolation of alkenes by using a low-cost and more abundant iron catalyst has been developed. This protocol provides a straightforward way to synthesize a variety of useful SCF₃-containing chlorides from a wide range of alkenes, including electron-deficient, aromatic, and unactivated alkenes. Mechanistic studies indicate that this is a free radical transformation, and the stronger electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagent CF₃SCl was generated in situ under the employed conditions. The synthetic applications of this approach were also explored by a variety of synthetically useful transformations

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the DA₂ gene.

<p>The nucleotide sequence is enumerated from the 192bp end and the single-letter amino acid code is shown above each corresponding codon. The start codon (ATG) and the stop codon (TAG) are indicated in the black boxes. The putative phosphorylation sites are indicated in the red boxes. The putative N-glycosylation sites are indicated in the green boxes. The seven transmembrane regions are underlined. Dashed boxes indicate the poly (A) tail.</p

Expression level of the DA₂ gene normalized to 18S expression in the thoracic ganglia, cranial ganglia, eyestalks, gill, heart, muscle, hepatopancreas, intestine, and haemolymph of the crab.

<p>Values are the mean ± SE (n = 4–6). *indicates that expression in the corresponding tissues is significantly different from expression in the control organ (intestine) at <i>P</i><0.05.</p