Deviating from IDSA treatment guidelines for non-purulent skin infections increases the risk of treatment failure in emergency department patients

The Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) publishes guidelines regularly for the management of skin and soft tissue infections; however, the extent to which practice patterns follow these guidelines and if this can affect treatment failure rates is unknown. We observed the treatment failure rates from a multicentre retrospective ambulatory cohort of adult emergency department patients treated for a non-purulent skin infection. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the role of IDSA classification and whether adherence to IDSA guidelines reduced treatment failure. A total of 759 ambulatory patients were included in the cohort with 17.4% failing treatment. Among all patients, 56.0% had received treatments matched to the IDSA guidelines with 29.1% over-treated, and 14.9% under-treated based on the guidelines. After adjustment for age, gender, infection location and medical comorbidities, patients with a moderate infection type had three times increased risk of treatment failure (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 2.98; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-7.74) and two times increased risk with a severe infection type (aRR 2.27; 95% CI 1.25-4.13) compared with mild infection types. Patients who were under-treated based on IDSA guidelines were over two times more likely to fail treatment (aRR 2.65; 95% CI 1.16-6.05) while over-treatment was not associated with treatment failure. Patients 70 years of age had a 56% increased risk of treatment failure (aRR 1.56; 95% CI 1.04-2.33) compared with those \u3c 70 years. Following the IDSA guidelines for non-purulent SSTIs may reduce the treatment failure rates; however, older adults still carry an increased risk of treatment failure

Coeficiente de cultura (Kc) para videira com e sem cobertura vegetal no solo.

A região noroeste de São Paulo é uma das principais produtoras de uvas de mesa do estado, sendo a ?Niágara Rosada? (Vitis labrusca) uma das cultivares que tem sido mais adotadas pelos produtores locais. Todos os vinhedos da região são irrigados, sendo que para o manejo correto da água faz-se necessária a estimativa da demanda hídrica do vinhedo. Essa estimativa é realizada, normalmente, multiplicando-se a evapotranspiração de referência diária (ETo) pelos coeficientes da cultura (Kc). Diversas variáveis afetam os valores de Kc como o estádio fenológico, o sistema de condução e a cobertura vegetal do solo, entre outras. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os valores do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) para videiras com e sem a presença de cobertura vegetal no solo. O experimento foi realizado no município de Jales, SP, de junho a outubro 2010. As plantas de ?Niágara Rosada? (Vitis labrusca), sobre porta-enxerto IAC-572, foram cultivadas em condições de campo, conduzidas no sistema latada cobertas com tela plástica que apresenta sombreamento de 18% e irrigadas por microaspersão. Dois tratamentos foram avaliados: sem cobertura vegetal, mantendo-se o solo permanentemente capinado; e com cobertura vegetal, deixando-se a vegetação espontânea se desenvolver. Os valores de Kc foram obtidos nos diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura, por meio do balanço hídrico no solo. Em geral, os valores de Kc sem cobertura vegetal (KcS) apresentaram comportamento semelhante aos obtidos nas áreas com cobertura (KcC), sendo que a maior diferença ocorreu no período de desenvolvimento inicial dos ramos. Durante o ciclo da cultura, os valores de KcS variaram entre 0,32 e 0,86, com média igual a 0,53, enquanto que os valores de KcC variaram de 0,23 a 0,93, com média igual a 0,58

Tube Research and Development

Contains reports on three research projects

Confronting gang membership and youth violence: Intervention challenges and potential futures

Evaluation of approaches and psychological obstacles to tackling youth gang involvement

Observation of gravitational waves from the coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ compact object and a neutron star

We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ and 1.2–2.0 M ⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M ⊙ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55−47+127Gpc−3yr−1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Suspensão da irrigação e rachadura de bagas em uvas "BRS Morena".

bitstream/item/55595/1/JFruta03-2012.pd

Meteorites constrain the age of Antarctic ice at the Frontier Mountain blue ice field (northern Victoria Land)

We show that meteorites can provide chronological constraints upon the age of the ice cropping out at the Frontier Mountain meteorite trap (Antarctica) when their terrestrial age is placed in a glaciological context. Amongst the over 700 meteorites found so far, Frontier Mountain (FRO) 84001, 99028, 93005 and 93054 were most likely not wind-drifted across the ice field, since their masses (772-1665 g) are much heavier than the local similar to 200 g wind transport threshold. The four meteorites were found along a stretch of ice where a representative section of the Frontier Mountain blue ice crops out. Based on the bedding of englacial tephra layers, the structure of the ice along the section appears to be essentially an up-glacier dipping monocline. The C-14 terrestrial age of FRO 8401, 99028 and 93005 are 13 +/- 2, 21 +/- 3 and 27 +/- 2 ky, respectively; the Ca-41/Cl-36 age of FRO 93054 is 40 +/- 10 ky. The terrestrial ages of the four meteorites increase from the top to the bottom layers of the monocline. This geographic distribution is best explained by delivery of meteorites at the ice surface through the "ice-flow model" (i.e., englacial transport from the snow accumulation zone and exhumation in the blue ice area through ablation) rather than direct fall. Since the effect of ablation in decoupling terrestrial ages of meteorites and the age of the ice on which they sit must have been minor (most likely :5 7 ky) based on the local ice dynamics, we conclude that the age of the bulk of the ice body currently under ablation at Frontier Mountain is up to similar to 50 ky old. This result has implications on both the meteorite concentrations mechanism at Frontier Mountain and the regional ice dynamics