Nasleđivanje komponenata prinosa paradajza

The aim of the present study was to estimate, on the basis of diallel crossing, superior-parent heterosis, components of genetic variability and trait heritability for three yield components in tomato, and to perform the VrWr regression analysis. Six different tomato inbred lines originating from local and introduced breeding material were selected for the study. The hybrids expressed greater mean values for the majority of the traits than the inbred lines. The value of additive component of variance (D) was higher than the value of the dominant variance (H1 and H2) for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, while the value of the dominant component of variance was higher for the fruit weight per plant. Positive values of additive x dominant genetic effect interaction (F) for the observed traits point to a greater participation of dominant alleles in the inheritance of these traits, which was confirmed by the coefficients H2/4H1 (0.208-0.228) and by the ratio KD/KR being greater than unity (1.129-1.536). The values of the average degree of dominance H / D 1 , lower than unity for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, indicate that these traits were inherited by partial dominance. Furthermore, values of the degree of dominance greater than unity for the fruit weight indicate that this trait was inherited by dominance or superdominance. These conclusions were also confirmed by high values of the broad- and narrow-sense heritability that varied from 98.88% to 99.44%, i.e., from 45.06 to 87.51%, respectively, as well as, by the VrWr regression for the observed traits in the F1 generation.Cilj istraživanja je da se za tri komponente prinosa paradajza procene: heterozis u odnosu na boljeg roditelja, komponente genetičke varijabilnosti, heritabilnosti osobina na bazi dialelnog ukrštanja i izvrši VrWr regresiona analiza. Odabrano je šest različitih linija paradajza poreklom iz domaćeg i introdukovanog selekcionog materijala. Hibridi su u odnosu na linije ispoljili veće srednje vrednosti za većinu osobina. Vrednost aditivne komponente varijanse (D) veća je od dominantne (H1 i H2) za broj plodova po biljci i prosečnu masu ploda, dok je za masu ploda po biljci dobijena veća vrednost dominantne komponete varijanse. Pozitivne vrednosti interakcije aditivni x dominantni efekat gena (F) za ispitivane osobine ukazuju da je u nasleđivanju ovih osobina veće učešće dominantnih alela, a to potvrđuju i koeficijenti H2/4H1 (0,208-0,228) kao i odnos Kd/Kr koji su veći od jedan (1,129-1,536). Vrednosti prosečnog stepena dominacije H / D 1 manje od jedan (broj plodova po biljci i prosečna masa ploda) ukazuju da se ove osobine nasleđuju parcijalnom dominacijom. Za masu ploda po biljci vrednosti stepena dominacije veći je od jedan, što ukazuje da se ova osobina nasleđuje dominacijom ili superdominacijom. Ove zaključke potvrđuju i visoke vrednosti heritabilnosti u širem i užem smislu koje su varirale od 98,88% - 99,44%, odnosno 45,06-87,51%, kao i VrWr regresije za ispitivane osobine u F1 generaciji

Supstrati za organsku proizvodnju rasada paradajza

One of the main tasks for every certified organic vegetable producer is to grow healthy and well-developed transplants. The aim of this study was to examine different substrates designed for the production of organic tomato transplants. On the basis of preliminary experiments, seven substrates consisting of different parts of natural peat, vermicompost, shrub and tree leaves compost and zeolites were compared with standard commercial substrates using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) transplants grown in pots. The data concerning plant height, number of leaves, fresh plant mass, appearance of flower buds were collected. The differences in the examined traits were not significant for the majority of substrates. The zeolite-based substrate with high peat and vermicompost content achieved the best results and its production for the market should be considered. Three zeolite-based substrates with high rates of vermicompost and compost should be used as a model for tomato transplants substrate preparation.Jedan od glavnih zadataka svakog sertifikovanog proizvođača organskog povrća je da odgaji dobro razvijen rasad. Ispitivanje različitih supstrata dizajniranih za organsku proizvodnju rasada paradajza bio je glavni cilj ovog istraživanja. Na osnovu rezultata prethodnih istraživanja, pripremljeno je sedam smeša supstrata sastavljenih od različitih udela prirodnog treseta, glistenjaka, kompostiranog lišća drveća i žbunja i prirodnih zeolita i upoređeno sa standardnim komercijalnim supstratima. Prikupljeni su podaci koji su se odnosili na visinu biljke, broj listova po biljci, masu sveže biljke i pojavu cvetnih pupoljaka. Za većinu ispitivanih mešavina zabeležene razlike nisu bile statistički značajne u poređenju sa komercijalnim supstratima. Kod mešavine supstrata na bazi zeolita sa visokim sadržajem treseta i glistenjaka zabeleženi su najbolji rezultati. Ova smeša bi mogla da bude ponuđena kao gotov proizvod na tržištu. Tri smeše na bazi zeolita sa visokim sadržajem glistenjaka i komposta trebalo bi da posluže kao model za pripremu supstrata namenjenih sertifikovanoj organskoj proizvodnji

Efekat primene polifosfatnog stakla u supstratima za gajenje cveća i povrća

Due to the dissolution properties the phosphate glasses can be promising materials for the development of new ecologically safe fertilizers. The complex polyphosphate glass with a molar ratio (M2O + MO)/P2O5 >1 and addition of microelements Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ and Cu2+ were used in substrate for production of flower and vegetables seedlings. Dissolution tests were conducted in deionized water and 2% citric acid. The effects of the reaction time on the normalized glass mass loss (fm) and the normalized concentrations of the ions (fi) at 20, 30, 37 and 50°C were determined. Dissolution rate constants (kw - deionized water, kc -2% citric acid) were also determined (kw-0.0028-0.0094 gm-2, kc-0.029-0.011 gm-2). Values of kc were higher than those of kw, which confirms a significant effect of solvent type and temperature on the dissolution kinetics of glass. The experiments with plants (one vegetable and one flower) showed that the addition of phosphate glass caused an increase in yield and quality of plants. The applied dose of polyphosphate glass of 1gl-1 showed the best effect on the growth of the examined plant seedlings.Polifosfatno staklo, u kome je molski odnos (M2O + MO)/P2O5 >1, koje sadrži i mikroelemente Zn2+, Mn2+, Fe3+ i Cu2+, korišćeno je u supstratu za proizvodnju rasada cveća i povrća. Eksperimenti su izvedeni u stakleniku na Poljoprivrednom fakultetu u Beogradu i u laboratorijama ITNMS. Ispitivano je ponašanje polifosfatnog stakla prilikom rastvaranja u dejonizovanoj vodi i 2% rastvoru limunske kiseline na temperaturama od 20, 30, 37 i 50 °C. Ispitan je uticaj vremena rastvaranja na normalizovani gubitak mase (fm) i normalizovane koncentracije jona (fi). Određene su i konstante brzina rastvaranja(kw-dejonizovana voda, kc -2% rastvor limunske kiseline). Vrednosti kc su veće od vrednosti za kw, što potvrđuje uticaj rastvarača i temperature na proces rastvaranja. Rezultati su pokazali pozitivan efekat polifosfatnog stakla na rast i kvalitet ispitivanih biljaka. Primenjena doza polifosfatnog stakla od 1 gl-1 pokazala je najbolji efekat na rast ispitivanih biljaka-rasada

Prinosi korena organske cvekle i rotkve gajenih u čistom i združenom usevu

Despite numerous positive effects on the environment, increased demands, intense research, and adequate public attention, crops grown according to the principles of organic production still occupy considerably small areas. It is difficult for certified producers to decide to expand the production of certified organic vegetables. One of the reasons is the insufficiently developed growing technology of different vegetable species in accordance with the law and regulations on organic production. Intercropping, growing of subsequent crops, and application of microbiological fertilizers are considered as the most useful techniques for yield increases in sustainable growing practices. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for enhancing root yield of beetroot and radish, when grown as second crops in an organic double-cropping production system. The effects of intercropping and applying microbial fertilizers on the vegetable root weights were assessed. Intercropping was with green beans, implemented by replacement series method. Two microbial fertilizers were applied, one containing selected strains of Bacillus megatherium, B. licheniformis, B. suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, A. vinelandi and Derxia sp. (M1), and other with Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarium sp. (M2). Intercropping and microbial fertilizers contributed to the root weight increase. The highest root weights were noted for the intercropped plants treated with M1 (beetroot, 151.8 g) and M2 (radish, 351.0 g), which was 23.5% and 15.5% higher than in the sole crop unfertilized control. The results imply combining intercropping and the appropriate microbial fertilizers as an effective strategy for increasing yields of organically grown beetroot and radish.Uprkos brojnim pozitivnim efektima na životnu sredinu, povećanoj tražnji, intenzivnim istraživanjima i adekvatnoj pažnji javnosti, usevi uzgajani po principima organske proizvodnje i dalje zauzimaju prilično male površine. Certifikovani proizvođači teško se odlučuju na proširenje proizvodnje certifikovanog organskog povrća. Jedan od razloga je nedovoljno razvijena tehnologija gajenja različitih vrsta povrća u skladu sa Zakonom i propisima o organskoj proizvodnji. Združivanje, gajenje postrnih useva i primena mikrobioloških đubriva smatraju se najkorisnijim tehnikama za povećanje prinosa u održivim sistemima zemljoradnje. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi mogućnost povećanja prinosa korena cvekle i rotkve gajenih postrno u združenom usevu po metodama organske proizvodnje. Praćeni su efekti združivanja i primene mikrobioloških đubriva na masu korena. Združivanje cvekle i rotkve sa boranijom obavljeno je po metodi zamenjujućih serija. U ogledu su korišćena dva mikrobiološka đubriva od kojih jedno sadrži odabrane sojeve Bacillus megaterium, B. licheniformis, B. suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, A. vinelandi i Derxia sp. (M1), a drugo: Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter sp., Penicillium oxalicum i Fusarium sp. (M2). Združivanje i mikrobiološka đubriva doprineli su povećanju mase korena. Najveća masa korena zabeležena je u združenom usevu cvekle kod tretmana mikrobiološkim đubrivom M1 (151,8g) i u združenom usevu rotkve kod tretmana mikrobiološkim đubrivom M2 (351,0g), što je bilo za 23,5% i 15,5% više u poređenju sa čistim usevima na tretmanima bez đubrenja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da su uporedo primenjeno združivanje i odgovarajuća mikrobiološka đubriva delotvorna strategija za postizanje većih prinosa cvekle i rotkve u organskom sistemu gajenja

Integration of biological and chemical methods in control of pepper bacterial spot

Bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, is widely spread disease of pepper in Serbia. When weather conditions are favorable for disease development, pepper producers do not have adequate resources to control this pathogen. Copper based bactericides registered in our country are not effective enough. However, effective protection could be achieved only by integrating positive effects of different protection methods. In order to develop sustainable and integrated control strategy for this disease, we investigated various combinations of biological control agents and chemicals. Intensity of the disease ranged from 31 to 59% on untreated control plants. All integrated treatments were effective against X. euvesicatoria and significantly reduced disease severity in all experiments, compared to untreated control. The most efficient treatment was integration of acibenzolar-S-methyl, copper hydroxide and bacteriophages, reducing disease severity 97-99%. This combination may be an effective new tool for pepper growers to manage bacterial spot

Uticaj komercijalnih organskih đubriva na prinos dinje i lubenice u Srbiji

In this paper was studied effect of commercial organic fertilizers on the yield per plant of melon and watermelon genotypes based on the two- year data (2011 and 2012). Five genotypes of melon (Fiata, Cerovača, Galia, Charentais, Passport) and five genotypes of watermelon (Crimson Sweet, Fairfax, Greybelle, Domestic, Dunay) were selected from the collection of the Institute for vegetable crops from Smederevska Palanka. After plants were planted in the open field fertilization of each genotype with 4 commercial organic fertilizer: Italpollina, DCM Ekomix, Guanitto and Duetto was performed. NPK fertilizer was used as control. The main objective of this study was to determine the genotypes of melon and watermelon which could be recommended and introduced into organic farminf system. Also, one of the aims was to compare the yield per plant of melon and watermelon in organic and conventional farming system. Very significant differences of yield per plant were found between the genotypes, years, treatment and their interaction, both for melon and watermelon. For melon genotype Charentais was determined the strongest effect of commercial organic fertilizers. DCM Ekomix had a negative effect on yield per plant for all genotypes of watermelon. In the melon production, it is possible to achieve higher yields per plant using commercial organic fertilizers compared to inorganic fertilizers.Efekat primene komercijalnih organskih đubriva na prinos genotipova dinje i lubenice je ispitivan na osnovu podataka dvogodišnjeg ogleda (2011 i 2012). Iz kolekcije Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci je uzeto 5 genotipova dinje (Fiata, Cerovača, Galia, Charentais, Passport) i 5 genotipova lubenice (Crimson sweet, Fairfax, Greybelle, Domaća, Dunay). Nakon rasađivanja izvršena je prihrana svakog genotipa sa 4 komercijalna organska đubriva: Italpollina, DCM Ekomix, Guanitto i Duetto. Kao kontrola je korišćeno đubrivo NPK. Osnovni cilj rada je bio da se odrede genotipovi dinje i lubenice koji bi mogli da se preporuče za proizvodnju u organskom sistemu gajenja. Takođe, jedan od ciljeva je bio da se uporede prinosi po biljci dinje i lubenice u organskom i konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja. Utvrđene su veoma značajne razlike prinosa po biljci između posmatranih genotipova, godina, tretmana i interakcija i kod dinje i kod lubenice. Kod genotipa dinje Charentais je utvrđen najveći uticaj komercijalnih organskih đubriva. DCM Ekomix je imao negativan uticaj na prinos po biljci kod svih posmatranih genotipova lubenice. Gajenjem dinje uz primenu komercijalnih organskih đubriva je moguće ostvariti veće prinose po biljci u odnosu na primenu neorganskih mineralnih đubriva

Postrni usev rotkve u organskom sistemu gajenja

Two year field trial was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different organic fertilizers, bacterial fertilizer (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, Azotobacter vinelandi i Derxia sp.) and fuly decomposed farmyard manure (FM) on radish yield per plant in sole crop and intercropped with green bean. Unfertilized plots and plots fertilized with mineral fertilizer were used as a controls. The average radish yield per plant for all treatments in both years was 228.8 g. The highest average yield per plant was 344.3 g. It was noticed in the 2011th in intercropped radish on the treatment with mineral fertilizer. The lowest radish yield per plant 178.2 g, was recorded in the 2010th in pure crops on treatment without fertilization.Na oglednom polju Instituta za povrtarstvo u Smederevskoj Palanci, postavljen je dvogodišnji ogled s ciljem ispitivanja uticaja organskih đubriva na prinos po biljci rotkve u čistom i združenom usevu s boranijom. Korišćeni su dobro zgoreli stajnjak (FM) i mikrobiološko đubrivo koje sadrži Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus suptilis, Azotobacter chrocoocum, Azotobacter vinelandi i Derxia sp. Kontrolne tretmane su činile neđubrene parcele i parcele tretirane mineralnim đubrivom. Prosečan prinos po biljci rotkve za sve tretmane u obe godine istraživanja bio je 228,8 g. Najveći prosečan prinos po biljci (344,3 g), zabeležen je 2011. godine u združenom usevu kod tretmana mineralnim đubrivom a najmanji (178,2 g), zabeležen je 2010. godine u čistom usevu kod tretmana bez upotrebe đubriva

Osetljivost nekih sorti paprike prema prouzrokovaču bakteriozne pegavosti lista (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria)

Susceptibility of 15 pepper varieties to bacterial leaf spot of pepper Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria was studied. Varieties (Palanačko čudo, Župska rana, Palanačka babura, Palanačka kapija, Mačvanka, Šorokšari, Palančanka, Duga bela, Sirena, Romana, Kobra, Danica, Virdžina, Moravica and Feferona crvena) were inoculated with KFB1 and KFB13 strains. A hypersensitive reaction and leaf symptoms were observed. Inoculation for observing HR was performed by using a syringe and a needle, while inoculation for observing symptoms was performed by spraying 108 cfu/mol suspension. A negative HR was present in all 15 varieties regardless of the strain they had been treated with. All varieties had symptoms of a disease. Among varieties treated with KFB1 strains, Virdžina had the most severe symptoms with 45% disease intensity, while Duga bela with 10.71% had the lowest intensity of symptoms. Among varieties inoculated with KFB13 strain, the highest, i.e. the lowest disease intensity was observed in Moravica (65%), i.e. Duga bela (20%), respectively. The aim of this study was to test the susceptibility and to determinate a direction of future selection.U ovom ogledu ispitivana je osetljivost 15 sorti paprike (Capsicum annuum L.) prema prouzrokovaču bakteriozne pegavosti lista paprike Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Ispitivane su sorte: palanačko čudo, župska rana, palanačka babura, palanačka kapija, mačvanka, šorokšari, palančanka, duga bela, sirena F1, romana, kobra, danica, virdžina, moravica i feferona crvena ljuta. Za inokulaciju su korišćeni sojevi KFB1 i KFB13. Posmatrano je pojavljivanje hipersenzitivne reakcije kao i simptoma na listovima. Za posmatranje HR inokulacija je vrsena injektiranjem špricem i iglom između nerava lišca, dok je inokulacija za posmatranje simptoma vršena prskanjem suspenzijom bakterija (108 cfu/mol), ručnom prskalicom. Zapazili smo da se negativna HR javila kod svih 15 sorti, bilo da su tretirane sojem KFB1 ili sojem KFB13. Kod svih sorti su se razvili simptomi oboljenja. Od sorti tretiranih sojem KFB1, najintenzivnije su se razvili simptomi kod Virdžine sa indeksom oboljenja 45%, dok je kod Duge bele indeks oboljenja bio 10,71%. Od sorti inokulisanih sojem KFB13 najveći indeks oboljenja bio je 65% - kod Moravice, dok je najmanji je bio 20% kod Duge bele. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitivanje trenutnog stanja osetljivosti sorti kao i određivanje smera budućeg razvoja

Content of vitamins in grains of Afila pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines

In order to determinate the content of vitamins in mature grains of afila pea lines, we in the Centre for Vegetable Crops started a three years research during 1993-1995. We researched total content of beta-carotene, vitamin A1 and B1 in 8 afila lines and 4 parental cultivars. The average content of the researched vitamins in pea grains showed that the content of vitamins in the researched genotypes was the same as previously determined by other authors, which leads to a conclusion that leaflessness does not influence the decrease of content of the mentioned vitamins in mature pea grains

Efficiency of Serenade (Bacillus subtilis) in controlling Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria pepper pathogen

U cilju zaštite paprike od prouzrokovača bakteriozne pegavosti lišća paprike (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria), tokom 2007. godine postavljen je ogled na polju Instituta u Smederevskoj Palanci sa ciljem da se ispita efikasnost biološkog preparata Serenade WP (Bacillus subtilis) u odnosu na preparate na bazi bakra kao standard. Ispitivanja su obavljena na sorti Palanačka kapija. Za inokulaciju korišćen je soj bakterije KFB 4 (10ˉ8 cfu/mol). Preparati su primenjeni u sledećim koncentarcijama: Serenade WP(0,3%) i (0,4%), Blauvit (0,5%), Bordo-blue (0.5%) i Bakrocid S-50 (0,5%). Ogled je postavljen u tri ponavljanja sa sledećim tretmanima: (a) biljke tretirane preparatima, a nakon 2 sata inokulisane suspenzijom bakterija; (b) biljke inokulisane suspenzijom bakterija a posle 4 sata tretirane preparatima; (c) biljke tretirane samo preparatima; (d) biljke tretirane samo suspenzijom bakterija; (e) ne inokulisane i netretirane biljke. Inokulacija je vršena u fenofazi 8-10 listova ručnom prskalicom. Konstantovanje prvih simptoma izvršeno je 7 dana nakon inokulacije. Ocena efikasnosti preparata 10 dana posle inokulacije, uzimanjem 100 listova po slučajnom izboru. Indeks oboljenja ocenjen je po Townsend-Heuberger-u. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata zaključujemo da je preparat Serenade pokazao visok stepen efikasnosti u obe koncentracije, u odnosu na standardne bakarne preparate, kako pre (70.5%, odnosno 78.6%) tako i nakon inokulacije (75.2%, odnosno 82.5%).Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria causes bacterial leaf spot of pepper. Control of this pathogen could be very significant, economically. During 2007, a trial has been set up at the experimental field at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, in order to investigate efficiency of preparation SERENADE® WP (Bacillus subtilis) and compare it to the copper preparations (standard). The researches have been performed on pepper variety PALANAČKA KAPIJA. Inoculation has been performed by using bacteria type KFB 4 (10ˉ8 cfu/mol). Preparations have been applied in following concentrations: SERENADE® WP (0, 3%) and (0, 4%), BLAUVIT (0, 5%), BORDO-BLUE (0.5%) and BAKROCID (0, 5%). Trial has been set with three replications and with following treatments: (a) Plants treated with preparations, and two hours later inoculated with bacteria suspension; (b) Plants inoculated firstly with bacteria suspension, and than, 4 hours later, with preparations; (c) Plants treated with preparations only; (d) Plants treated with bacteria suspension only; (e) Non-inoculated and non-treated plants. Inoculation has been performed in 8-10 leaves phoenophase, with hand sprayer. The first symptoms have been observed 7 days after inoculation, while preparation efficiency has been observed 10 days after inoculation, by testing 100 random leaves. Disease index has been set by Townsend-Heuberger model. The results show that SERENADE® WP was highly significant in both concentrations, comparing to standard copper preparations, both before (70.5% i.e. 78.6%) and after inoculation (75.2% i.e. 82.5%)