The effect of genetic parameters on inheritance of the first pod hight in snap bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.

In order to research the inheritance, gene effect, combination abilities and genetic variance components, we investigated six divergent snap bean genotypes (Supernor, Darija, Grinkrop, Palanačka rana, Šumadinka and Zora) and their F1 progeny created by diallel crossing without reciprocals. For the trait of height of forming the first pod, variance of average value of parents and hybrids was highly significant. The value of dominant components (H1 and H2) was higher than additive component (D), meaning that dominant genes control the inheritance of number of pods per plant. The average level of domination √Hl/D is higher than 1, pointing to superdomination. Heritability in broader sence amounts 90% pointing to high contribution in inheriting the number of pods per plant

Klijanje paradajza u uslovima sušnog stresa izazvanog PEG-om

The aims of this study were: to assess the effects of drought stress on germination percentage, germination energy and number of days to complete germination in fifteen tomato populations; to distinguish the treatment that is the most suitable for classifying the tomatoes for their response to early-imposed drought; as well as to distinguish populations which could be used for breeding tolerant varieties. The experiment included control germination assay (distilled water) and the increasing (4, 8, and 12%, w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. Both germination percentage and energy considerably decreased with the increasing PEG treatments, while the observed average increase in the number of days required to complete germination remained statistically insignificant. The differences in germination among the populations were most pronounced in 12% PEG treatment, which is therefore recommended for further research. Several populations are indicated as tolerant; however, tomato drought tolerance exhibited as early as at the germination stage does not necessarily indicate the tolerance in later phases of plant development. The population 105 is recommended for breeding drought tolerant varieties.Cilj ovog istraživanja je bila procena efekata sušnog stresa na klijavost, energiju klijanja i broj dana do završetka klijanja kod petnaest populacija paradajza; utvrđivanje tretmana koji je najpogodniji za klasifikaciju paradajza na osnovu tolerantnosti na sušu u ranim fazama životnog ciklusa; kao i identifikacija populacija koje bi mogle biti iskorišćene za oplemenjivanje. Ogled je podrazumevao kontrolu (klijanje u prisustvu destilovane vode) i rastuće (4, 8 i 12%, w/v) tretmane polietilen-glikolom (PEG). Klijavost i energija klijanja su bili značajno niži u prisustvu PEG-a. Razlike u klijanju među populacijama paradajza su bile najizraženije kod tretmana 12% PEG, stoga se ovaj tretman preporučuje za dalji rad. Međutim, tolerantnost paradajza na sušu u fazi klijanja nije obavezno indikator tolerantnosti na ograničenu obezbeđenost vodom u kasnijim fazama razvoja biljke. Populacija 105 bi se mogla iskoristiti za oplemenjivanje paradajza tolerantnog na sušu

Korelacije svojstava crnog luka pri organskom i mineralnom režimu ishrane

The aim of this two-year field study was to investigate the effects of different nutrient regimes on the interrelationships of onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and yield contributing characteristics (bulb weight, number of bulbs plot-1, plant height and number of days from sowing to emergence). The experiment involved five onion cultivars grown in conventional (mineral fertilization) and organic (unfertilized, bacterial fertilizer, farmyard manure) production systems. The trait associations were studied using two-dimensional biplot. The applied treatments affected all the traits investigated and those effects were stable across the growing seasons. Consistently positive correlations that have been found among yield, bulb weight, number of bulbs plot-1 and plant height imply the conclusion that taller plants perform better in all nutrient regimes. Early emergence correlated positively with yield only in favorable (mineral and bacterial fertilizer) environments. The close position of the two favorable entities on the biplot imply the possibility of achieving high and stable onion yields by applying an appropriate organic amendment.Dvogodišnji poljski ogled je postavljen sa ciljem ispitivanja uticaja različitih režima ishrane na odnose između prinosa crnog luka (Allium cepa L.) i svojstava koja se dovode u vezu sa prinosom (masa lukovice, broj lukovica parceli-1, visina biljke, broj dana od setve do nicanja). U ogled je bilo uključeno pet sorti crnog luka, gajenih u konvencionalnom (mineralno đubrivo) i organskom (bez đubrenja, mikrobiološko đubrivo, stajnjak) sistemu proizvodnje. Veze između svojstava su tumačene na osnovu dvodimenzionalnog biplota. Primenjeni tretmani su ispoljili značajan uticaj na sva proučavana svojstva i efekti ovih tretmana su bili stabilni u obe sezone. Pozitivne korelacije koje su utvrđene između prinosa, mase lukovice, broja lukovica parceli-1 i visine biljke upućuju na zaključak da biljke sa većom visinom daju bolje prinose pri svim režimima ishrane. Ranije nicanje je bilo u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa prinosom jedino pri povoljnijim (mineralno i mikrobiološko đubrivo) režimima ishrane. Bliska pozicija ova dva režima ishrane na biplotu upućuje na zaključak da se stabilan i visok prinos crnog luka može postići primenom odgovarajućih organskih đubriva

Način nasleđivanja indeksa oblika lukovice crnog luka (Allium cepa L.)

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a very important and widespread vegetable crop. Bulb shape index is a very significant biological and commercial trait. Bulb shape impacts the price, processing, resistance to diseases, etc., which is the reason why it is a very important economical trait. Success of the breeding process depends on genetic determination of the traits that were targeted in the selection process. In order to assess the genetic determination of bulb shape index, the trial was set up in the random block system with five replications, with diallel crossing without reciprocals. Bulb shape index in F1 generation was from flat-round to oval shaped. The most common heredity mode of the bulb shape index was superdomination. The highest value of GCA for shape index was found in 'Makoi bronzi', which was the indicator of the best combining abilities. The highest SCA in F1 and F2 generation was found in the hybrid 'Makoi bronzi' x 'AC 101'.Crni luk (Allium cepa L.) je izuzetno važna i široko raspostranjena povrtarska vrsta. Indeks oblika lukovice crnog luka predstavlja veoma značajno biološko i tržišno svojstvo. Oblik lukovica ima uticaja na tržišnu cenu crnog luka, proces dorade, otpotnost na bolesti, itd. Zbog ovoga, indeks oblika se ubraja u važnu ekonomsku osobinu lukovice crnog luka. Genetska determinisanost osobine utiče na uspešnost procesa selekcije. Kako bi utvrdili genetsku determinisanost indeksa oblika lukovice, postavljen je ogled po slučajnom blok sistemu u pet ponavljanja. Primenjen je metod dialelnog ukrštanja bez recipročnog. Posmatrajući hibridne kombinacije Fi generacije može se uočiti da se njihov indeks oblika lukovice kretao od pljosnato-okruglog do ovalnog. Najzastupljeniji način nasleđivanja indeksa oblika lukovice u ovom istraživanju je super dominacija. Najveću vrednost OKS za indeks oblika imala je linija 'Makoi bronzi'. Najvišu vrednost za PKS u F1 i F2 generaciji imao je hibrid dobijen ukrštanjem linije 'Makoi bronzi' x 'AC 101'

Mode of inheritance and ammi analysis of onion (allium cepa l.) Bulb traits

The success in growing agricultural plants depends on genotype grown, environment and growing technology applied. The impacts of these factors should not be studied separately. Interaction among genotypes and environment was crucial for breeding work and improvement of variety characteristics. Very often in production practice it happens that when comparing the same varieties in different soil and weather conditions they are ranked differently. One of the key aims set at the breeders is breeding for the traits of wide adaptability and calculating of the complex components of genetic variance which is the main condition for successful breeding program such as breeding for increased yield and yield components. Trial was set up at random block system in five repetitions. Ten onion genotypes from the Institute for Vegetable Crops germplasm were used in this trial. After choosing the most stabile genotypes, they were crossed by applying full diallel without reciprocals. Then, a field trial was set up with parents and hybrids of F-1 and F-2 generation. The experiment has been set up at the trial field of the Institute for Vegetable Crops in Smederevska Palanka, for three years. The best adaptability in the experiment, for mass of the onion bulb had genotypes Makoi bronzi and Holandski zuti, while for average yield, it was Jasenicki crveni. Also, components of genetic variance in both progeny generations were calculated for mass, yield and height of fresh bulb. The most common heredity mode for mass and yield of the bulb was super-domination and domination of a better parent

Rezultati oplemenjivanja salatnog krastavca (Cucumis sativus L.) u Institutu za povrtarstvo, Smederevska Palanka

Market significance of cucumber for fresh consumption and the new technology of growing make it one of the most attractive vegetable variety. Interest of producers is higher every day, while the selection of new varieties is very low. The aim of this research was the selection of cucumber intended for fresh consumption with good agronomic traits intended for growing in the greenhouses and in the open field. The researchers of the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka created new cucumber hybrid which was recognized by Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia, Department for Plant protection in 2013, under the name 'Kralj'.Tržišna značajnost salatnog krastavca i nove tehnologije gajenja čine da on postaje jedna od najatraktivnijih povrtarskih vrsta. Zainteresovanost proizvođača je sve veća a domaća selekcija sorata na ovoj povrtarskoj vrsti je jako oskudna. Cilj ovog istraživanja je selekcija salatnog krastavca sa dobrim agronomskim osobinama namenjenog za gajenje u zaštićenom prostoru i na otvorenom polju. Novi hibrid salatnog krastavca Kralj, kreiran je u Institutu za povrtarstvo, Smederevska Palanka. Hibrid je priznat kod MPVŠ, RS, Uprava za zaštitu bilja, 2013 godine pod nazivom Kralj

Način nasleđivanja mase lukovice crnog luka (Allium cepa L.)

One of the most important traits of onion bulb is its bulb fresh weight. Also, this trait is in a group of morphological markers that, together with RAPD, represent the parameter of the most precise identification of onion genotype. For the purpose of this study, the chosen genotypes were: Makoi bronzi, Piroska, AC 101, Jasenicki crveni, Bukino beo. Also, they were of a different geographical origin. Method of full diallel without reciprocals was applied in order to obtain F1 and F2 generation. Field trial with parents and hybrids F1 and F2 generation was set in a random block system with five replications at the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. Considering all crossing combinations, super-domination and domination are the modes of inheritance for bulb fresh weight. The best general combiner was the line Makoi bronzi. The highest level of SCA in F1 and F2 generation was found in hybrid combination Makoi bronzi x Piroska. Also, this hybrid combination had the highest values of heterosis.Među najbitnije proizvodne osobine lukovice crnog luka ubraja se njena masa. Zatim, ova osobina spada u grupu morfoloških markera koja zajedno sa primenom molekularnih markera (RAPD), služi kao parametar za najtačniju identifikaciju genotipova crnog luka. U cilju ispitivanja načina nasleđivanja ove osobine izvršeno je ukrštanje između pet divergentnih genotipova crnog luka, različitog geografskog porekla. Primenjen je metod punog dialela bez recipročnih ukrštanja, radi dobijanja potomstva F1 i F2 generacije. Poljski ogled sa roditeljima i hibridima F1 i F2 generacije postavljen je po slučajnom blok sistemu u pet ponavljanja u Institutu za povrtarstvo, Smederevska Palanka. Uzevši u obzir sve kombinacije ukrštanja, može se zaključiti da superdominacija i dominacija predstavljaju način nasleđivanja mase lukovice. Najbolji opšti kombinator bila je linija Makoi bronzi. Najvišu vrednost za SCA u F1 i F2 generaciji imao je hibrid nastao ukrštanjem linija Makoi bronzi x Piroška. Takođe, ova hibridna kombinacija imala je i najveće izračunate vrednosti za heterozis

Generation mean analysis of yield components and yield in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.)

Tomato yield depends on two components viz., fruit weight and number of fruit per flower branch. These traits are quantitative and therefore influenced by multiple genes. The objective of this study was to estimate the main gene effects ( additive, dominant and digenic epistasis) and to determine the mode of inheritance for yield components and yield in three tomato cross combinations by generation mean analysis. The trial included genotypes differing in morphology and yield: line DAT, cultivar SP-109 and local population KGZ. The analyzed genotypes belong to tomato germplasm collection of the Institute for Vegetable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. Six families per hybrid, including parents, have been tested. Besides, the additive and dominance gene effects, non-allelic gene interactions have been detected for yield components and yield. Duplicate type of epistasis was confirmed for fruit weight and yield in all cases characterized by significant dominance and dominance/dominance effects, which diminishes the effect of dominant genes and makes breeding for yield increase more difficult. Therefore, number of fruits per flower branch increase would be the most efficient strategy for increasing tomato yielding ability

Nasleđivanje komponenata prinosa paradajza

The aim of the present study was to estimate, on the basis of diallel crossing, superior-parent heterosis, components of genetic variability and trait heritability for three yield components in tomato, and to perform the VrWr regression analysis. Six different tomato inbred lines originating from local and introduced breeding material were selected for the study. The hybrids expressed greater mean values for the majority of the traits than the inbred lines. The value of additive component of variance (D) was higher than the value of the dominant variance (H1 and H2) for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, while the value of the dominant component of variance was higher for the fruit weight per plant. Positive values of additive x dominant genetic effect interaction (F) for the observed traits point to a greater participation of dominant alleles in the inheritance of these traits, which was confirmed by the coefficients H2/4H1 (0.208-0.228) and by the ratio KD/KR being greater than unity (1.129-1.536). The values of the average degree of dominance H / D 1 , lower than unity for the number of fruits per plant and the average fruit weight, indicate that these traits were inherited by partial dominance. Furthermore, values of the degree of dominance greater than unity for the fruit weight indicate that this trait was inherited by dominance or superdominance. These conclusions were also confirmed by high values of the broad- and narrow-sense heritability that varied from 98.88% to 99.44%, i.e., from 45.06 to 87.51%, respectively, as well as, by the VrWr regression for the observed traits in the F1 generation.Cilj istraživanja je da se za tri komponente prinosa paradajza procene: heterozis u odnosu na boljeg roditelja, komponente genetičke varijabilnosti, heritabilnosti osobina na bazi dialelnog ukrštanja i izvrši VrWr regresiona analiza. Odabrano je šest različitih linija paradajza poreklom iz domaćeg i introdukovanog selekcionog materijala. Hibridi su u odnosu na linije ispoljili veće srednje vrednosti za većinu osobina. Vrednost aditivne komponente varijanse (D) veća je od dominantne (H1 i H2) za broj plodova po biljci i prosečnu masu ploda, dok je za masu ploda po biljci dobijena veća vrednost dominantne komponete varijanse. Pozitivne vrednosti interakcije aditivni x dominantni efekat gena (F) za ispitivane osobine ukazuju da je u nasleđivanju ovih osobina veće učešće dominantnih alela, a to potvrđuju i koeficijenti H2/4H1 (0,208-0,228) kao i odnos Kd/Kr koji su veći od jedan (1,129-1,536). Vrednosti prosečnog stepena dominacije H / D 1 manje od jedan (broj plodova po biljci i prosečna masa ploda) ukazuju da se ove osobine nasleđuju parcijalnom dominacijom. Za masu ploda po biljci vrednosti stepena dominacije veći je od jedan, što ukazuje da se ova osobina nasleđuje dominacijom ili superdominacijom. Ove zaključke potvrđuju i visoke vrednosti heritabilnosti u širem i užem smislu koje su varirale od 98,88% - 99,44%, odnosno 45,06-87,51%, kao i VrWr regresije za ispitivane osobine u F1 generaciji

Procena tolerantnosti paradajza na sušu na osnovu selekcionih indeksa

This study was aimed to assess drought tolerance in twelve tomato populations collected in the territory of Serbia and to investigate relationships and repeatability among sixteen drought tolerance indices. Drought tolerance was estimated at the stage of intensive vegetative growth, on the basis of dry weight yield determined at optimal and limited irrigation (volumetric soil water content of 35.0 and 20.9%, respectively). The trial was set in pots placed in the greenhouse. Significant differences were found among populations in terms of all considered parameters; populations G125, G105 and G104 performed well in both irrigation regimes. High repeatability was found between the selection indices TOL and SSPI, STI and GMP, DWdr and YI, and among SI, SSI, RDI, SDI and RD. Principal component analysis allows simultaneous evaluation of populations and interpretation of interrelationships among the indices; it may be recommended as a method of choice for data analysis in further studies on drought tolerance in tomato.Ogled je postavljen sa ciljem procene tolerantnosti na sušu dvanaest populacija paradajza prikupljenih na teritoriji Srbije, kao i sa ciljem ispitivanja šesnaest selekcionih indeksa koji se koriste za tu procenu. Tolerantnost na sušu je utvrđena u fazi intenzivnog vegetativnog rasta, na osnovu prinosa suve materije izmerenog u uslovima optimalne i ograničene obezbeđenosti vodom (zapreminski procenat sadržaja vlage u zemljištu 35,0% odnosno 20,9%). Ogled je postavljen u saksijama smeštenim u staklenik. Konstatovane su značajne razlike među populacijama u pogledu svih izučavanih parametara; za populacije G125, G105 i G104 je utvrđen visok prinos suve materije u oba režima zalivanja. Visok stepen ponovljivosti je zabeležen za TOL i SSPI, STI i GMP, DWdr i YI, kao i između SI, SSI, RDI, SDI i RD. Metod glavnih komponenata je omogućio istovremeno vrednovanje populacija i interpretaciju veza između indeksa. Zato može da se preporuči za analizu podataka u budućim istraživanjima koja se tiču tolerantnosti paradajza na sušu