Влияние космической радиации на здоровье космонавтов и методы защиты от нее

В данной статье рассмотрено влияние космической погоды на здоровье астронавтов. Проведенанализ зарубежной и отечественно литературы об имеющихся данных о способах мониторинга дозыкосмической радиации на Международной космической станции(МКС). Изучены имеющиеся способызащиты космических станций от радиации.In this article, space radiation's impact on the health of astronauts was considered. The materials of studywere Russian and foreign works about measuring methods of space radiation on International Space Station (ISS).The available way of ISS's space radiation protection

Studying radiation hardness of a cadmium tungstate crystal based radiation detector

The given article considers radiation hardness of an X-ray detector used in production of non-destructive testing instruments and inspection systems. In the course of research, experiments were carried out to estimate radiation hardness of a detector based on cadmium tungstate crystal and its structural components individually. The article describes a layout of an experimental facility that was used for measurements of radiation hardness. The radiation dose dependence of the photodiode current is presented, when it is excited by a light flux of a scintillator or by an external light source. Experiments were carried out to estimate radiation hardness of two types of optical glue used in detector production; they are based on silicon rubber and epoxy. With the help of a spectrophotometer and cobalt gun, each of the glue samples was measured for a relative light transmission factor with different wavelengths, depending on the radiation dose. The obtained data are presented in a comprehensive analysis of the results. It was determined, which of the glue samples is most suitable for production of detectors working under exposure to strong radiation

Проектирование планарного феррозондового датчика по технологии печатных плат

The development of novel methods, scientific devices and means for measuring magnetic fields generated by ultra-low current is among promising directions in the development of medical equipment and instruments for geodetic surveys and space exploration. The present work is to develop a small sensor capable of detecting weak magnetic fields, which sources are biocurrents, radiation of far space objects and slight fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. Scientists estimate the strength of such magnetic fields as deciles of nanotesla. The key requirements for the sensors of ultra-low magnetic field are: resolution, noise level in the measurement channel, temperature stability, linearity and repeatability of the characteristics from one produced item to another. The aforementioned characteristics can be achieved by using planar technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in such advanced sensors. The work describes a complete R&D cycle, from creating the computer model of the sensor under study to manufacturing of a working prototype. To assess the effect of the geometry and material properties, the Jiles–Atherton model is implemented which, unlike the majority of the models used, allows considering the non-linearity of the core, its hysteresis properties and influence of residual magnetization. The dimensions of the developed sensor are 40×20×5 mm, while the technology allows its further diminishment. The sensor has demonstrated the linearity of its properties in the range of magnetic field strength from 0.1 nT to 50 μT for a rms current of excitation of 1.25 mA at a frequency of 30 kHz. The average sensitivity for the second harmonic is 54 μV/nT

Проектирование планарного феррозондового датчика по технологии печатных плат

The development of novel methods, scientific devices and means for measuring magnetic fields generated by ultra-low current is among promising directions in the development of medical equipment and instruments for geodetic surveys and space exploration. The present work is to develop a small sensor capable of detecting weak magnetic fields, which sources are biocurrents, radiation of far space objects and slight fluctuations of the geomagnetic field. Scientists estimate the strength of such magnetic fields as deciles of nanotesla. The key requirements for the sensors of ultra-low magnetic field are: resolution, noise level in the measurement channel, temperature stability, linearity and repeatability of the characteristics from one produced item to another. The aforementioned characteristics can be achieved by using planar technologies and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) in such advanced sensors.The work describes a complete R&D cycle, from creating the computer model of the sensor under study to manufacturing of a working prototype. To assess the effect of the geometry and material properties, the Jiles–Atherton model is implemented which, unlike the majority of the models used, allows considering the non-linearity of the core, its hysteresis properties and influence of residual magnetization.The dimensions of the developed sensor are 40×20×5 mm, while the technology allows its further diminishment. The sensor has demonstrated the linearity of its properties in the range of magnetic field strength from 0.1 nT to 50 µT for a rms current of excitation of 1.25 mA at a frequency of 30 kHz. The average sensitivity for the second harmonic is 54 µV/nT.Разработка новых методов, научных приборов и средств для измерения магнитных полей, создаваемых сверхслабыми токами, является одним из перспективных направлений в развитии медицинской техники, геодезических и космических исследований. Целью данной работы являлась разработка малогабаритного датчика, способного детектировать слабые магнитные поля, источниками которых могут быть биотоки, излучения далёких космических объектов и слабые флуктуации магнитного поля земли. Учёные оценивают величины таких магнитных полей в десятые доли нанотесла. Среди ключевых требований к датчикам сверхслабого магнитного поля можно отнести разрешающую способность, уровень шумов в измерительном канале, температурную стабильность, линейность и повторяемость характеристик от изделия к изделию. Предлагается добиться этих характеристик путём применения планарных технологий и микроэлектромеханических систем при изготовлении современных датчиков.В работе описан полный цикл исследования, от создания компьютерной модели исследуемого датчика до изготовления рабочего прототипа. Для оценки влияния геометрических параметров и влияния свойств материала использована модель Джилса‒Атертона, которая, в отличие от большинства используемых моделей, позволяет учесть нелинейность сердечника, его гистерезисные свойства и влияние остаточной намагниченности.Габариты разработанного датчика составляют 40×20×5 мм и технически возможно его уменьшение. Разработанный датчик продемонстрировал линейность характеристик в диапазоне от 0,1 нТл до 50 мкТл при среднеквадратическом токе возбуждения 1,25 мА на частоте 30 кГц. Усреднённый коэффициент преобразования по второй гармонике составляет 54 мкВ/нТл