Effect of Wedge-Shaped Deflectors on Flow Fields of Dual-Stream Jets

The effect of wedge-shaped fan flow deflectors on the mean and turbulent flow-fields of dual-stream jets is investigated. Several wedge-shaped deflector concepts were used to create asymmetry in the plume of a dual-stream jet issuing from a scaled down version of the NASA Glenn ‘5BB’ bypass-ratio 8 turbofan nozzle. The deflector configurations comprised internal and external wedges with and without a pylon. Some external wedges incorporated local extensions of the fan nacelle. All the deflectors reduced radial velocity gradients, magnitudes of peak Reynolds stresses, and peak turbulent kinetic energy beneath the jet centerplane, with an increase above the jet centerplane. A correlation was obtained between the maximum radial velocity gradient and the peak turbulent kinetic energy in the dominant noise source region

Mekanisme Keracunan Saraf Akibat Konsumsi Kerang-kerangan Yang Terkontaminasi Dinoflagellata Beracun (Studi Literatur)

Dinoflagellata is a micro algae where live in water habitat and about 30 species can produce poison material called “sax toxin”. Organic water pollution is one of a stimulant agent blooming algae that is caused by nutrient abundance. Poison mobility from marine organisms to human body usually pass through food chain mechanism, where human ingestion contaminated shellfish by toxin Dinoflagellata that produce sax toxin. It\u27s toxin can be attack nerves membrane then rise of paralytic. This virulence caused by bounding of conducive nerves trait. Saxitoxin is poison where can be a block agent function to exclude Na+ into nerve membrane. Death rate by paralytic cases gain to 20% of human exposure

Pembuatan Briket Dari Bottom Ash Dan Arang Sekam Padi Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif ( Studi Kasus : Industri Tekstil X, Ungaran – Semarang )

Briquette is a fuel substitute that can be used as an alternative and renewable energy. Bottom ash including B3 waste materials are hazardous and toxic while rice husk is an agricultural waste both solid waste is not optimal reuse. The calorific value of each waste are bottom ash according Samadhi (2008) of 3324 cal/g and rice husk according to the Ministry of Agriculture (2010), 1 kg of rice husk has a calorific value of 3300 cal/g.In this case, waste bottom ash and rice husk deserves to be reused because it has a fairly high calorific value.This study wasconductedwith a variety ofcompositionsbetweenrice huskandbottom ashusinga comparison are100%:0%;80%:20%; 60%:40%; 50%:50%; 40%:60%; 20%:80%; 0%:100%.This study uses briquettes quality testing standards including : test characteristics include heating value, moisture content, ash content (residue) ; compressive strength test ; testing of air pollutants ; and heavy metal content test using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showedthat theoptimumvariation ofbriquettesisa variationof 80%rice huskand20% bottom ash, this briquetteshas awater content of3.340%, ash content of51.023%, calorificvalue of3478.455cal/g, compressive stength of 2.037kg/cm2, CO 893.57mg/Nm3, Zn31.207mg/landCu 12.987mg/l. The result of the briquttes characteristics test showed that with increasing amounts ofrice huskcanincreasethe moisture contentandcalorific value, and be ableto lowerash contentandcompressive strength

Foix Alajouanine Syndrome Mimicking Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Objective: To describe an interesting case of Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome presenting as a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). Background: Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome is caused by a spinal dural arteriovenous malformation and presents as paraparesis and progressive walking impairment. It most commonly involves the thoracolumbar region and affects elderly men. Though treatable, it is a cause of progressive myelopathy often misdiagnosed or missed. Case Discussion: A 77-year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with a one-year history of progressive lower extremity paresthesia, weakness, gait instability, and recurrent falls. He had no lumbar or lower extremity pain. He had no bladder incontinence. His symptoms were attributed to lumbar spinal stenosis and he underwent L3-L4 lumbar decompression at an outside hospital with no improvement. MRI of the lumbar spine without contrast done at the outside facility was reviewed and it showed an LETM from T8 through the tip of the conus medullaris. MRI of the entire spine was repeated with gadolinium. MRI lumbar spine with gadolinium showed flow voids at the dorsal aspect of T8-T9 consistent with a Type I spinal dural AV fistula. This was confirmed by the spinal angiogram. The patient had a negative MRI brain and cervical spine imaging. The spinal fluid analysis was unremarkable. Aquaporin-4 antibody and anti-MOG antibody tests were negative. He underwent a laminectomy with microsurgical obliteration of the AV fistula and regained 50% of his lower extremity strength within 48 hours of his surgery and continues to improve with physical therapy. Conclusion: Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of LETM. It is a reversible cause of progressive myelopathy and needs a careful review of imaging, laboratory data, and clinical findings.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1106/thumbnail.jp

Pengaruh Penambahan Lindi dan Mol Nasi Basi terhadap Waktu Pengomposan Sampah Organik

Produksi sampah yang terus meningkat sedangkan teknologi pengolahan tidak efisien dan tidak ramah lingkungan serta lahan TPA (Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir) yang terbatas menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia. Volume sampah akan terus meningkat sehingga penimbunan yang dilakukan terus – menerus akan membuat umur TPA cepat habis.Salah satu solusi dari permasalahan sampah adalah dengan melakukan pengomposan sampah organik biodegradable yang dihasilkan.Pengomposan sampah organik biasanya membutuhkan waktu lama. Untuk mempercepat pengomposan ditambahkan lindi dan MOL nasi basi sebagai aktivator. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis optimum lindi dan MOL nasi basi dan pengaruhnya terhadap waktu pengomposan sampah organik dengan metode Mac Donal. Hasil terbaik pengomposan adalah pada variasi K3 (bahan kompos + lindi 15 ml) yang menunjukkan kematangan berdasarkan rasio C/N pada minggu ke – 2 pengomposan. Kadar C – organik 17,00%; kadar N - total 1,36 %; Rasio C/N 12,47;kadar P - total0,306%; kadar K – total 3,64%; kadar Zn 4,69 ppm; kadar Fe 1,12 %; kadar Mn 0,012%; total coliform 46 MPN/gr

Pemanfaatan Bottom Ash Batubara Menjadi Produk Briket Dengan Penambahan Arang Daun Jati

The use of coal as the primary fossil fuels in Indonesia are increasingly widespread. Now, the use of coal is not only used for the power plant but also a wide range of industries. Resulting from the use of coal bottom ash which can still be used because they save the calorific value for alternative fuel that is becoming briquette product. Through research it is known that the bottom ash can be processed into briquettes products with the addition of teak leaves charcoal to improve its quality.This study was conducted with a variety of compositions between bottom ash and teak leaves charcoal. The treatment uses ratio of coal bottom ash : teak leaves charcoal 0%:100%, 20%:80%, 40%:60%, 50%:50%, 60%:40%, 80%:20% and 100%:0%. The results showed that the optimum variation of briquettes is a variation of 20 % coal bottom ash and 80% teak leaves charcoal, this briquettes has a water content of 4,052 %,ash content of 36,358 %, calorific value of 4.520 cal/g, compressive stength of 2,383 kg/cm2,CO 54 ppm or 61,84 mg/Nm3,Cu 0,85 µg/g and Zn 1,21 µg/g.The result of the briquttes characteristics test showed that with increasing amounts of teak leaves charcoal can increase the moisture content and calorific value, and be able to lower ash content and compressive strength

Use of evidence to support healthy public policy: a policy effectiveness-feasibility loop

Public policy plays a key role in improving population health and in the control of diseases, including non-communicable diseases. However, an evidence-based approach to formulating healthy public policy has been difficult to implement, partly on account of barriers that hinder integrated work between researchers and policy-makers. This paper describes a “policy effectiveness–feasibility loop” (PEFL) that brings together epidemiological modelling, local situation analysis and option appraisal to foster collaboration between researchers and policy-makers. Epidemiological modelling explores the determinants of trends in disease and the potential health benefits of modifying them. Situation analysis investigates the current conceptualization of policy, the level of policy awareness and commitment among key stakeholders, and what actually happens in practice, thereby helping to identify policy gaps. Option appraisal integrates epidemiological modelling and situation analysis to investigate the feasibility, costs and likely health benefits of various policy options. The authors illustrate how PEFL was used in a project to inform public policy for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in four parts of the eastern Mediterranean. They conclude that PEFL may offer a useful framework for researchers and policy-makers to successfully work together to generate evidence-based policy, and they encourage further evaluation of this approach