A MULTIAGENT SIMULATION OF A STYLIZED FRENCH LABOR MARKET: EMERGENCES AT THE MICRO LEVEL

The aim of this work is to design a multiagent system (MAS) simulation to model the French labor market. We departed from an economic model proposed by Cahuc and Carcillo to model the introduction of a new job contract into the labor market. We designed a specific methodology to convert this equation-based model to an agent-based model, and calibrated our MAS to reproduce the data found in the economic simulations. As we observed the same tendencies found in the former model, a new dimension emerged from the agent-based simulation: an increase of oscillations for the characteristic rates, revealing an increase of precariousness (job instability) due to the new type of contract. Moreover, our simulation enabled us to detect and correct some flaws of the Cobb–Douglas type of matching function. These encouraging results led us to continue in that direction, where several extensions of our model can be proposed, including the move to a large-scale simulation framework.Multiagent simulation, labor market, emergence

A Multi-Agent System to Model the Labor Market: Simulating a New Job Contract

Abstract. The aim of this work is to design a Multi-Agent Syste

Introducing a new job contract into the Labor Market: An agent-based computational approach

We propose to implement and simulate an economic model that studies the potential effects of the introduction of a new type of a job contract into the French labor market. This transition from a classical economic model to an agent-based simulation allows us to reproduce the same tendencies found in the former one and to observe a new dimension that emerges from the agent-based simulation: an increase of oscillations for the characteristic rates revealing an increase of precariousness (job instability) due to the new type of contract

A Multi-Agent System to model the Labor Market: simulating a new job contract introduction

International audienceThe aim of this work is to design a Multi-Agent System (MAS) simulation to model the French labor market. We departed from an economic model proposed by Cahuc and Carcillo to model the introduction of a new job contract into the labor market. We designed a specific methodology to convert this equation-based model to an agent-based model, and calibrated our MAS to reproduce the data found in the economic simulations. As we observed the same tendencies found in the former one, a new dimension emerged from the agent-based simulation: an increase of oscillations for the characteristic rates, revealing an increase of precariousness (job instability) due to the new type of contract. These encouraging results lead us to pursue into that direction, where several extensions of our model can be proposed, including the move to a large-scale simulation framework

Modélisation et simulation du marché du travail avec un système multi-agents

Le marché du travail (MdT) est le lieu de rencontre entre l'offre de main d'oeuvre, proposée par les individus et la demande du travail, faite par les firmes. La simulation multi-agents offre une approche puissante pour modéliser de tels processus sociaux. Toutefois, les modèles actuels simplifient fortement les mécanismes comportementaux et les processus décisionnels des agents. Ces éléments sont pourtant reconnus comme ayant un impact très important sur la dynamique du MdT puisqu'ils ont la capacité de l'expliquer au niveau micro-économique. Afin d'améliorer la descriptivité et l'utilité de la modélisation et de la simulation du MdT, nous proposons dans cette thèse de représenter les individus et les firmes comme des unités décisionnelles dont la prise de décisions dépend de leurs propriétés, leur état et leur perception de l'environnement. Nous avons effectué une calibration automatique, une analyse de sensibilité et une analyse comportementale afin de paramétrer et de valider le modèle. L'exploration par simulation du modèle permet notamment de mieux comprendre la dynamique dans le MdT et de produire des données plus riches et aussi des données qui sont inobservables dans une étude statistique classique. Ainsi, le modèle développé exhibe un gain en descriptivité important, permettant surtout de décrire les raisons qui ont amené un phénomène observé au niveau macro-économique à partir des décisions prises au niveau micro-économique. Ce modèle a été calibré sur le MdT français. E.g., toutes les interactions sont régies par la législation du travail française. Son pouvoir explicatif permet de générer des explications fines des résultats (chômage des jeunes/seniors etc.).PARIS-BIUSJ-Mathématiques rech (751052111) / SudocSudocFranceF

How detailed should social networks be for labor market's models ?

International audienceMany empirical studies emphasis the role of social net- works in job search. The social network implied in this process is known to be characterized by complex properties, including com- munities, homophily or more or less strong ties. Nevertheless, pre- vious models of the labor markets fail to capture the complexity of social networks, as each specific network requires the development of specific algorithms. In this paper, we rather rely on an indepen- dent generic network generator for creating detailed networks de- scribing friendships, colleagues, communities and various degrees of connectivity. We build a simple model of the labor market in which individuals find positions solely through their acquaintances, and up- date their network when being hired. This original experimental set- ting facilitates the analysis of various characteristics of networks on the labor market, including various size, more or less friendships, or the impact of communities. Experiments confirm the "strength of weak ties" phenomenon. However, the initial characteristics of the network like communities are shown to be destroyed by the implau- sible mechanisms described into this simplistic model; this suggests that the impact of plausible networks on models' dynamics may only be studied when the mechanisms of this model are plausible as well - in other words, "a model is only as descriptive as its most implausible components

An agent-based simulation of the French labour market : studying age discrimination

International audienceWe present here an agent-based model and simulation of the French labour market - WorkSim. Based on an existing economic model, ARTEMIS, WorkSim is a full multiagent system, where agents (e.g. individuals, firms) possess detailed attributes and elaborated behaviours in order to reflect the real labour market as close as possible. We illustrate our approach with two main simulation results: the reproduction of one peculiar stylized fact, i.e. discrimination against the youth, and the impact of a new labour contract introduction