Global attracting sets and exponential stability of nonlinear uncertain differential equations

Uncertain differential equation is a type of differential equation driven by canonical Liu process. By applying some uncertain theories, the sufficient conditions of the exponential stability in mean square is obtained for nonlinear uncertain differential equations. At the same time, some new criteria ensuring the existence of the global attracting sets of considered equations are presented

Matrine Reverses the Warburg Effect and Suppresses Colon Cancer Cell Growth via Negatively Regulating HIF-1α.

The Warburg effect is a peculiar feature of cancer’s metabolism, which is an attractive therapeutic target that could aim tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. Matrine is an alkaloid extracted from the herb root of a traditional Chinese medicine, Sophora flavescens Ait. Matrine has been reported to have selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells but with elusive mechanisms. Here, we reported that matrine was able to reverse the Warburg effect (inhibiting glucose uptake and lactate production) and suppress the growth of human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . Mechanistically, we revealed that matrine significantly decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of HIF-1α, a critical transcription factor in reprogramming cancer metabolism toward the Warburg effect. As a result, the expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, and LDHA, the downstream targets of HIF-1α in regulating glucose metabolism, were dramatically inhibited by matrine. Moreover, this inhibitory effect of matrine was significantly attenuated when HIF-1α was knocked down or exogenous overexpressed in colon cancer cells. Together, our results revealed that matrine inhibits colon cancer cell growth via suppression of HIF-1α expression and its downstream regulation of Warburg effect. Matrine could be further developed as an antitumor agent targeting the HIF-1α-mediated Warburg effect for colon cancer treatment

The epidemiological patterns of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: global estimates of disease burden, risk factors, and temporal trends

BackgroundThe incidence of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) has increased steadily over the past few decades. Elucidating its global burden will facilitate more effective disease management and improve patient outcomes. We explored the disease burden, risk factors, and trends in incidence and mortality in NHL globally.MethodsThe up-to-date data on age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of NHL were retrieved from the GLOBOCAN 2020, CI5 volumes I-XI, WHO mortality database, and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019, focusing on geographic disparities worldwide. We reported incidence and mortality by sex and age, along with corresponding age-standardized rates (ASRs), the average annual percentage change (AAPC), and future burden estimates to 2040.ResultsIn 2020, there were an estimated 545,000 new cases and 260,000 deaths of NHL globally. In addition, NHL resulted in 8,650,352 age-standardized DALYs in 2019 worldwide. The age-specific incidence rates varied drastically across world areas, at least 10-fold in both sexes, with the most pronounced increase trend found in Australia and New Zealand. By contrast, North African countries faced a more significant mortality burden (ASR, 3.7 per 100,000) than highly developed countries. In the past decades, the pace of increase in incidence and mortality accelerated, with the highest AAPC of 4.9 (95%CI: 3.6-6.2) and 6.8 (95%CI: 4.3-9.2) in the elderly population, respectively. Considering risk factors, obesity was positively correlated with age-standardized incidence rates (P< 0.001). And North America was the high-risk region for DALYs due to the high body mass index in 2019. Regarding demographic change, NHL incident cases are projected to rise to approximately 778,000 by 2040.ConclusionIn this pooled analysis, we provided evidence for the growing incidence trends in NHL, particularly among women, older adults, obese populations, and HIV-infected people. And the marked increase in the older population is still a public health issue that requires more attention. Future efforts should be directed at cultivating health awareness and formulating effective and locally tailored cancer prevention strategies, especially in most developing countries

Landslide Susceptibility Prediction Using Machine Learning Methods: A Case Study of Landslides in the Yinghu Lake Basin in Shaanxi

Landslide susceptibility prediction (LSP) is the basis for risk management and plays an important role in social sustainability. However, the modeling process of LSP is constrained by various factors. This paper approaches the effect of landslide data integrity, machine-learning (ML) models, and non-landslide sample-selection methods on the accuracy of LSP, taking the Yinghu Lake Basin in Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, as an example. First, previous landslide inventory (totaling 46) and updated landslide inventory (totaling 46 + 176) were established through data collection, remote-sensing interpretation, and field investigation. With the slope unit as the mapping unit, twelve conditioning factors, including elevation, slope, aspect, topographic relief, elevation variation coefficient, slope structure, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), distance to road, distance to river, and rainfall were selected. Next, the initial landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) was obtained using the K-means algorithm, and non-landslide samples were determined using two methods: random selection and semi-supervised machine learning (SSML). Finally, the random forest (RF) and artificial neural network (ANN) machine-learning methods were used for modeling. The research results showed the following: (1) The performance of supervised machine learning (SML) (RF, ANN) is generally superior to unsupervised machine learning (USML) (K-means). Specifically, RF in the SML model has the best prediction performance, followed by ANN. (2) The selection method of non-landslide samples has a significant impact on LSP, and the accuracy of the SSML-based non-landslide selection method is controlled by the ratio of the number of landslide samples to the number of mapping units. (3) The quantity of landslides has an impact on how reliably the results of LSM are obtained because fewer landslides result in a smaller sample size for LSM, which deviates from reality. Although the results in this dataset are satisfactory, the zoning results cannot reliably anticipate the recently added landslide data discovered by the interpretation of remote-sensing data and field research. We propose that the landslide inventory can be increased by remote sensing in order to achieve accurate and impartial LSM since the LSM of adequate landslide samples is more reasonable. The research results of this paper will provide a reference basis for uncertain analysis of LSP and regional landslide risk management

Construction of Cultural Heritage Tourism Corridor for the Dissemination of Historical Culture: A Case Study of Typical Mountainous Multi-Ethnic Area in China

The conservation and utilization of cultural heritage resources play a crucial role in the sustainable development of regional tourism in mountainous multi-ethnic areas. Nevertheless, these heritage resources tend to be numerous and geographically dispersed, poorly accessible, and difficult to preserve and utilize, which makes utilizing them holistically at a regional level challenging. Furthermore, each cultural heritage has a specific capacity for cultural dissemination, and establishing the links between heritage sites can enhance the overall cultural influence of a region and promote the development of regional tourism. Consequently, this study aims to promote the conservation and utilization of cultural heritage by constructing a cultural landscape tourism corridor network in the region. A potential cultural landscape tourism corridor network was first constructed based on the least-cost path analysis. Then, the layout and hierarchy of the potential network were optimized based on the existing traffic layout in the area. Finally, for mountainous multi-ethnic areas with poor access to transportation, the tourism corridor network may support the holistic conservation and use of the region’s cultural heritage and the development of regional cultural tourism

Teacher Support, Reading Strategy and Reading Literacy: A Two-Level Mediation Model

The purpose of this study was to use the data consisted of 5,115 fifteen-year-old Shanghai students in 152 schools from the PISA 2009, by building cross-level mediation model, to explore how the influence on students’ reading literacy from teachers’ support through learning strategy. The results revealed that teacher support is positively directly related to students’ reading literacyStudents’ learning strategy (such as elaboration strategy and control strategy) and metacognition strategy were cross-level mediators between teachers’ support and their students’ reading literacy; But memory strategy in the learning strategy does not play a cross-level mediation effect.   &nbsp

The Distribution of Emergency Logistics Centers under the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Case of Yangtze River Delta Area

The regular lockdown policy adopted in controlling the pandemic of COVID-19 has caused logistic disruptions in some areas that have a great impact on the living standards of residents and the production of enterprises. Given that the construction of emergency logistics centers is an effective solution, this paper takes the Yangtze River Delta Area (YRDA) of China as an example and discusses the site selection and material distribution of the emergency logistics centers in the region via a two-stage model. The first stage is the selection of candidate emergency logistics centers in the YRDA. A comprehensive evaluation index system is built with 4 primary and 15 secondary indexes to evaluate the logistic infrastructure capacity of the 41 cities in the YRDA. Further, through a principal component analysis, 12 cities are selected as candidate construction sites for emergency logistics centers. In the second stage, a biobjective site selection model with uncertain demand is established and calculated via the NSGA-II algorithm. According to the time sensitivity of emergency logistics, six cities are filtered from the optimal solution set, including Hefei, Hangzhou, Xuzhou, Wenzhou, Changzhou, and Shanghai, ensuring that all 41 cities are within their service scope

sj-docx-1-ema-10.1177_17411432241231421 - Supplemental material for Analyzing the relationship between distributed leadership and instructional quality in Taiwan: The mediating roles of teacher autonomy and teacher innovation

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ema-10.1177_17411432241231421 for Analyzing the relationship between distributed leadership and instructional quality in Taiwan: The mediating roles of teacher autonomy and teacher innovation by Chuan-Chung Hsieh, Yurou Song, and Hui-Chieh Li in Educational Management Administration & Leadership</p

CBSX2 is required for the efficient oxidation of chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in darkness

Abstract Thiol/disulfide‐based redox regulation in plant chloroplasts is essential for controlling the activity of target proteins in response to light signals. One of the examples of such a role in chloroplasts is the activity of the chloroplast ATP synthase (CFoCF1), which is regulated by the redox state of the CF1γ subunit and involves two cysteines in its central domain. To investigate the mechanism underlying the oxidation of CF1γ and other chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in the dark, we characterized the Arabidopsis cbsx2 mutant, which was isolated based on its altered NPQ (non‐photochemical quenching) induction upon illumination. Whereas in dark‐adapted WT plants CF1γ was completely oxidized, a small amount of CF1γ remained in the reduced state in cbsx2 under the same conditions. In this mutant, reduction of CF1γ was not affected in the light, but its oxidation was less efficient during a transition from light to darkness. The redox states of the Calvin cycle enzymes FBPase and SBPase in cbsx2 were similar to those of CF1γ during light/dark transitions. Affinity purification and subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry showed that the components of the ferredoxin‐thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin (FTR‐Trx) and NADPH‐dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTRC) systems as well as several 2‐Cys peroxiredoxins (Prxs) can be co‐purified with CBSX2. In addition to the thioredoxins, yeast two‐hybrid analysis showed that CBSX2 also interacts with NTRC. Taken together, our results suggest that CBSX2 participates in the oxidation of the chloroplast redox‐regulated enzymes in darkness, probably through regulation of the activity of chloroplast redox systems in vivo