Community detection in multiplex networks using orthogonal non-negative matrix tri-factorization based on graph regularization and diversity

In recent years, community detection has received increasing interest. In network analysis, community detection refers to the identification of tightly connected subsets of nodes, which are called “communities” or “groups”, in the network. Non-negative matrix factorization models are often used to solve the problem. Orthogonal non-negative matrix tri-factorization (ONMTF) exhibits significant potential as an approach for community detection within multiplex networks. This paper explores the application of ONMTF in multiplex networks, aiming to detect both shared and exclusive communities simultaneously. The model decomposes each layer within the multiplex network into two low-rank matrices. One matrix corresponds to shared communities across all layers, and the other to unique communities within each layer. Additionally, graph regularization and the diversity of private communities are taken into account in the algorithm. The Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) is used to constrain the independence of private communities. The results prove that ONMTF effectively addresses community detection in multiplex networks. It also offers strong interpretability and feature extraction capabilities. Therefore, it is an advanced method for community detection in multiplex networks.</p

Image1_Mid-term scheduling and trading decisions for cascade hydropower stations considering multiple variable uncertainties.jpg

Cascade hydropower producers face two stages of risk when participating in medium and long-term market transactions: transaction risk during the bidding stage; and the operational risk during the scheduling and operation stage due to the uncertainty of runoff and market-clearing prices. Therefore, how to measure the above risks and make corresponding decisions has become an urgent problem for producers.This paper combines the real market structure and rules of a certain hydropower dominated market in Southwest China, and establishes a mid-term operation and trading decision-making method based on the Joint Information Gap Decision Theory (IGDT) and Prospect Theory. To address the main uncertainty variables that producers face in participating in transactions, this paper obtains the maximum fluctuation range of variables that satisfy the expected revenue in a robust model based on IGDT. Then, using Prospect Theory, a bidding strategy model that takes into account the psychological factors of producers is constructed within this range.To solve the nonlinear programming problem and address the accuracy issues caused by curve fitting during the solution process, a nonlinear programming combined with an improved stepwise optimization hybrid algorithm is employed.Using actual data from a hydropower grid in southwest China participating in the market as an example. The results indicate that the method provides the fluctuation range of runoff and market prices under different expected return targets, and can formulate reasonable bidding decisions and operation plans based on producers different risk preferences within this range.</p

DataSheet1_Mid-term scheduling and trading decisions for cascade hydropower stations considering multiple variable uncertainties.docx

Cascade hydropower producers face two stages of risk when participating in medium and long-term market transactions: transaction risk during the bidding stage; and the operational risk during the scheduling and operation stage due to the uncertainty of runoff and market-clearing prices. Therefore, how to measure the above risks and make corresponding decisions has become an urgent problem for producers.This paper combines the real market structure and rules of a certain hydropower dominated market in Southwest China, and establishes a mid-term operation and trading decision-making method based on the Joint Information Gap Decision Theory (IGDT) and Prospect Theory. To address the main uncertainty variables that producers face in participating in transactions, this paper obtains the maximum fluctuation range of variables that satisfy the expected revenue in a robust model based on IGDT. Then, using Prospect Theory, a bidding strategy model that takes into account the psychological factors of producers is constructed within this range.To solve the nonlinear programming problem and address the accuracy issues caused by curve fitting during the solution process, a nonlinear programming combined with an improved stepwise optimization hybrid algorithm is employed.Using actual data from a hydropower grid in southwest China participating in the market as an example. The results indicate that the method provides the fluctuation range of runoff and market prices under different expected return targets, and can formulate reasonable bidding decisions and operation plans based on producers different risk preferences within this range.</p

Table_5_Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.docx

ObjectiveWe investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12–16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province). School scoliosis screening data were obtained on age, sex, height, weight and BMI, and region as well. We screened angles of trunk rotation in level of proximal thoracic (T1–T4), main thoracic (T5–T12), and lumbar (T12–L4) by the forward bend test with scoliometer. An angle of trunk rotation ≥5° was used as the criterion to identify suspected scoliosis.ResultsThe proportion of suspected scoliosis was lower in Shanghai (6.9%) than in Gansu (8.6%). Angle of trunk rotation tended to increase with age in Shanghai, peaking at 15 years, but decreased with age in Gansu, and bottomed at 15 years. The angle of trunk rotation in the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar part of the spine appeared to be larger in Gansu adolescents and in Shanghai female adolescents. Age was a relevant factor in angle trunk rotation in regression models and interacted with region as well.ConclusionWe found regional and age- and sex-related disparities in rates of suspected scoliosis.</p

Table_1_Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.docx

ObjectiveWe investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12–16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province). School scoliosis screening data were obtained on age, sex, height, weight and BMI, and region as well. We screened angles of trunk rotation in level of proximal thoracic (T1–T4), main thoracic (T5–T12), and lumbar (T12–L4) by the forward bend test with scoliometer. An angle of trunk rotation ≥5° was used as the criterion to identify suspected scoliosis.ResultsThe proportion of suspected scoliosis was lower in Shanghai (6.9%) than in Gansu (8.6%). Angle of trunk rotation tended to increase with age in Shanghai, peaking at 15 years, but decreased with age in Gansu, and bottomed at 15 years. The angle of trunk rotation in the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar part of the spine appeared to be larger in Gansu adolescents and in Shanghai female adolescents. Age was a relevant factor in angle trunk rotation in regression models and interacted with region as well.ConclusionWe found regional and age- and sex-related disparities in rates of suspected scoliosis.</p

Table_4_Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.docx

ObjectiveWe investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12–16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province). School scoliosis screening data were obtained on age, sex, height, weight and BMI, and region as well. We screened angles of trunk rotation in level of proximal thoracic (T1–T4), main thoracic (T5–T12), and lumbar (T12–L4) by the forward bend test with scoliometer. An angle of trunk rotation ≥5° was used as the criterion to identify suspected scoliosis.ResultsThe proportion of suspected scoliosis was lower in Shanghai (6.9%) than in Gansu (8.6%). Angle of trunk rotation tended to increase with age in Shanghai, peaking at 15 years, but decreased with age in Gansu, and bottomed at 15 years. The angle of trunk rotation in the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar part of the spine appeared to be larger in Gansu adolescents and in Shanghai female adolescents. Age was a relevant factor in angle trunk rotation in regression models and interacted with region as well.ConclusionWe found regional and age- and sex-related disparities in rates of suspected scoliosis.</p

Table_2_Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.docx

ObjectiveWe investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12–16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province). School scoliosis screening data were obtained on age, sex, height, weight and BMI, and region as well. We screened angles of trunk rotation in level of proximal thoracic (T1–T4), main thoracic (T5–T12), and lumbar (T12–L4) by the forward bend test with scoliometer. An angle of trunk rotation ≥5° was used as the criterion to identify suspected scoliosis.ResultsThe proportion of suspected scoliosis was lower in Shanghai (6.9%) than in Gansu (8.6%). Angle of trunk rotation tended to increase with age in Shanghai, peaking at 15 years, but decreased with age in Gansu, and bottomed at 15 years. The angle of trunk rotation in the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar part of the spine appeared to be larger in Gansu adolescents and in Shanghai female adolescents. Age was a relevant factor in angle trunk rotation in regression models and interacted with region as well.ConclusionWe found regional and age- and sex-related disparities in rates of suspected scoliosis.</p

Table_3_Regional disparity in epidemiological characteristics of adolescent scoliosis in China: Data from a screening program.docx

ObjectiveWe investigated regional disparities in rates of scoliosis among adolescents in western and eastern China and the dominant factors underlying these disparities.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from a school scoliosis screening program conducted in two typical areas: Yangpu District of Shanghai (eastern China) and Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County of Gansu Province (western China), during October 2020 to February 2021. Participants included adolescents aged 12–16 years (4,240 in Shanghai and 2,510 in Gansu Province). School scoliosis screening data were obtained on age, sex, height, weight and BMI, and region as well. We screened angles of trunk rotation in level of proximal thoracic (T1–T4), main thoracic (T5–T12), and lumbar (T12–L4) by the forward bend test with scoliometer. An angle of trunk rotation ≥5° was used as the criterion to identify suspected scoliosis.ResultsThe proportion of suspected scoliosis was lower in Shanghai (6.9%) than in Gansu (8.6%). Angle of trunk rotation tended to increase with age in Shanghai, peaking at 15 years, but decreased with age in Gansu, and bottomed at 15 years. The angle of trunk rotation in the proximal thoracic, main thoracic, and lumbar part of the spine appeared to be larger in Gansu adolescents and in Shanghai female adolescents. Age was a relevant factor in angle trunk rotation in regression models and interacted with region as well.ConclusionWe found regional and age- and sex-related disparities in rates of suspected scoliosis.</p

Image1_Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Mo nanoparticles (EGM NPs) efficiently treat liver injury by strongly reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.png

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious clinical disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and subsequent inflammatory responses. However, traditional treatments were limited by low efficacy and serious side effects due to the special liver structure. Here, we developed a molybdenum (Mo)-based nanoparticles, EGM NPs, after overall consideration of the pathophysiology of DILI and the advantages of nanodrugs. It demonstrated that EGM NPs treated acetaminophen (APAP)-induced DILI by scavenging ROS and inhibiting inflammation. EGM NPs effectively scavenged various ROS and reduced cell apoptosis at the cellular level. More importantly, EGM NPs can treat APAP-induced DILI in vivo, reducing the levels of liver function indicators in mice with liver injury, scaling down the area of hepatocyte necrosis and successfully inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. EGM NPs also showed a certain anti-inflammatory effect by reducing infiltration of macrophages, decreasing pro-inflammatory factors and inhibiting the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Collectively, our findings suggest that EGM NPs-based nanotherapeutic is a novel strategy for the treatment of DILI.</p

Image2_Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Mo nanoparticles (EGM NPs) efficiently treat liver injury by strongly reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.jpg

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious clinical disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and subsequent inflammatory responses. However, traditional treatments were limited by low efficacy and serious side effects due to the special liver structure. Here, we developed a molybdenum (Mo)-based nanoparticles, EGM NPs, after overall consideration of the pathophysiology of DILI and the advantages of nanodrugs. It demonstrated that EGM NPs treated acetaminophen (APAP)-induced DILI by scavenging ROS and inhibiting inflammation. EGM NPs effectively scavenged various ROS and reduced cell apoptosis at the cellular level. More importantly, EGM NPs can treat APAP-induced DILI in vivo, reducing the levels of liver function indicators in mice with liver injury, scaling down the area of hepatocyte necrosis and successfully inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. EGM NPs also showed a certain anti-inflammatory effect by reducing infiltration of macrophages, decreasing pro-inflammatory factors and inhibiting the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Collectively, our findings suggest that EGM NPs-based nanotherapeutic is a novel strategy for the treatment of DILI.</p