Evolution and Comprehensive Analysis of DNaseI Hypersensitive Sites in Regulatory Regions of Primate Brain-Related Genes

How the human brain differs from those of non-human primates is largely unknown and the complex drivers underlying such differences at the genomic level remain unclear. In this study, we selected 243 brain-related genes, based on Gene Ontology, and identified 184,113 DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHSs) within their regulatory regions. To performed comprehensive evolutionary analyses, we set strict filtering criteria for alignment quality and filtered 39,132 DHSs for inclusion in the investigation and found that 2,397 (~6%) exhibited evidence of accelerated evolution (aceDHSs), which was a much higher proportion that DHSs genome-wide. Target genes predicted to be regulated by brain-aceDHSs were functionally enriched for brain development and exhibited differential expression between human and chimpanzee. Alignments indicated 61 potential human-specific transcription factor binding sites in brain-aceDHSs, including for CTCF, FOXH1, and FOXQ1. Furthermore, based on GWAS, Hi-C, and eQTL data, 16 GWAS SNPs, and 82 eQTL SNPs were in brain-aceDHSs that regulate genes related to brain development or disease. Among these brain-aceDHSs, we confirmed that one enhanced the expression of GPR133, using CRISPR-Cas9 and western blotting. The GPR133 gene is associated with glioblastoma, indicating that SNPs within DHSs could be related to brain disorders. These findings suggest that brain-related gene regulatory regions are under adaptive evolution and contribute to the differential expression profiles among primates, providing new insights into the genetic basis of brain phenotypes or disorders between humans and other primates

Optimization Research on Implementation Mechanism of Xiamen Rail Transit Comprehensive Development from Urban Renewal Perspective

Objective The comprehensive development of Xiamen rail transit stations and surrounding land-use remains in its early stages. Comprehensive development projects involving urban renewal areas face challenges in breaking free from the constraints of conventional land development mechanisms. It is necessary to optimize the comprehensive development mode of urban rail transit (shorten as CD mode) and the implementation mechanism in urban renewal areas. Method The mechanism of land premium capture in the process of CD mode is introduced, the practical basis for coordinated development between comprehensive development and urban renewal is analyzed, and the conventional implementation path of CD mode is outlined. Taking the comprehensive development of Xiamen Rail Transit Line 1 as an example, the practical exploration of building an implementation mechanism for comprehensive development in Xiamen is described, and the implementation challenges of CD mode in urban renewal areas around stations are analyzed. From the perspective of coordinating the advancement of urban renewal and comprehensive development in station areas, optimization recommendations for the implementation mechanism of rail transit comprehensive development are proposed. Result & Conclusion When urban renewal areas establish the distribution of interests and the matching of responsibilities in CD mode, the goals of both rail transit construction and urban renewal should be considered. In the context of stock development, optimizing the implementation mechanism of CD mode can be achieved through strengthening top-level system design, exploring collaborative planning paths, innovating land consolidation and interchange methods, and establishing the participation path for rail transit construction entities

Supplementary dataset for the research article "Half-meter sea level fluctuations in the western tropical Pacific during the mid-Holocene"

<p>Table 1. U-Th aages of microatolls from Hainan Island, the northern South China Sea</p&gt

Mussel Unio douglasiae MG from the Chihe River: mitogenome description and phylogenetic analysis

The genus Unio is one of the widespread freshwater bivalves. To date, its intra-generic phylogeny remains controversial and therefore the mitochondrial genome data is needed. Here, we report the complete mitogenome of Unio douglasiae MG that is distributed in the Chihe River, a branch of Huaihe River, East China. This mitochondrial genome is 15,764 base pair in total length. It consists of 37 genes: 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes (12S and 16S). The base composition was 38.38% for A, 26.48% for T, 23.17% for C, and 11.98% for G, showing an obvious bias of higher A + T content (64.86%) than the G + C content (35.14%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that U. douglasiae MG is clustered with other Unio and Nodularia mollusks in the family Unionidae. These results showed that combine with morphological techniques, the mitogenome can provide useful information to further understanding of the genetics, systematics, and conservation of this endangered species

Microwave Influence on Different M–O Bonds During MFI-Type Heteroatom (M) Zeolite Preparation

A facile and fast microwave-assisted approach without any other pre/post-treatment has been proposed to hydrothermally synthesize six kinds of MFI-type heteroatom (Mn, Ga, Ti, Sn, Cr, Zr) zeolites. By comparing with oven heating mode, it is found that microwave field displays a positive effect on the introduction of partial heteroatoms in the zeolite framework. Moreover, differing from the conventional heating, microwave irradiation displays different influences on the different heteroatom zeolites because different heteroatoms cause different polarities and wave-absorption abilities of M–O bonds under microwave irradiation. Furthermore, this positive effect of microwave is embodied not only on heteroatom zeolite synthesis and heteroatom state in zeolite framework but also the resultant catalytic performance. This finding provides an easy route for the synthesis of novel heteroatom zeolite being difficult to prepare by conventional mode, along with a new direction for the exploration of microwave effect

Homophase Junction for Promoting Spatial Charge Separation in Photocatalytic Water Splitting

The widespread heterojunction or p-n junction strategies fabricated between different semiconductors are generally used to promote the spatial charge separation in photocatalysis and solar cells, which originated from the principle that the junction composites possess totally different crystalline and energy structures. A vagarious and supreme challenge remained as to whether a junction could be formed between the identical composites with the same semiconductors and the crystalline phases. Herein, taking model semiconductor TiO2 as a prototype and proof-of-concept, a homophase junction was fabricated between the same crystalline phases of TiO2 with large and small nanoparticles. Photocatalytic H-2 evolution and water splitting performances on three common TiO2, phases, brookite, anatase, and rutile, can be remarkably enhanced using such homophase junction strategy. The high photocatalytic activities are proposed to be attributed to the different surface band bending inducing the formation of a built-in electric field at the interface of large and small particles, which facilitates the spatial charge separation and inhibits the charge recombination. Our work provides a strategy for spatial charge separation in constructing highly efficient solar energy conversion systems, which is differentiated from the traditional junction strategies

Supplemental Material for Jin et al., 2018

Genetics/2018/30102

Borate-Stabilized Transformation of C6 Aldose to C4 Aldose

Highly efficient transformations of biomass-derived sugars into various valuable chemicals are of topical interest. Tetrose with a four-carbon bone is the root of most of biomass-derived C4 products, but its extreme instability obstructs the blossoming of C4 products presently. Herein, we describe a borate-stabilized catalytic strategy to accumulate erythrose from C6 aldose in a highly selective manner via retro-aldol and aldol processes in alcohol solvent. In our proposed mechanism, borate can stabilize erythrose and avoid its further retro-aldol splitting or isomerization, and induce the production of erythrose again via the aldol condensation of the above-generated glycolaldehyde