Storage of hydrogen in nanostructured carbon materials

Recent developments focusing on novel hydrogen storage media have helped to benchmark nanostructured carbon materials as one of the ongoing strategic research areas in science and technology. In particular, certain microporous carbon powders, carbon nanomaterials, and specifically carbon nanotubes stand to deliver unparalleled performance as the next generation of base materials for storing hydrogen. Accordingly, the main goal of this report is to overview the challenges, distinguishing traits, and apparent contradictions of carbon-based hydrogen storage technologies and to emphasize recently developed nanostructured carbon materials that show potential to store hydrogen by physisorption and/or chemisorption mechanisms. Specifically touched upon are newer material preparation methods as well as experimental and theoretical attempts to elucidate, improve or predict hydrogen storage capacities, sorption–desorption kinetics, microscopic uptake mechanisms and temperature–pressure–loading interrelations in nanostructured carbons, particularly microporous powders and carbon nanotubes

Memaknai Ulang Corporate Social Responsibility: Upaya Mewujudkan Fair Responsibility

CSR is essentially interpreted as a manifestation of the responsibility of the business world over the externalities arising from their production activities. But unfortunately this responsibility is only limited scope primary operationalization region without regard for the fact that externalities it has started from the first phase of extraction up to a radius of these products are marketed. Therefore, this paper seeks to encourage the existence of fair responsibility by understanding a CSR as companies att empt to produce eco-friendly products. With the company's commitment to implement eco-friendly production methods, then indirectly the company has been reducing their externalities, its same doing CSR

Composition of primary cosmic rays at energies 10(15) to approximately 10(16) eV

The sigma epsilon gamma spectrum in 1 approx. 5 x 1000 TV observed at Mt. Fuji suggests that the flux of primary protons 10 to the 15 approx 10th eV is lower by a factor of 2 approx. 3 than a simple extrapolation from lower energies; the integral proton spectrum tends to be steeper than around to the power V and the spectral index tends to be steeper than Epsilon to the -17th power around 10 to the 14th power eV and the spectral index becomes approx. 2.0 around 10 to the 15th power eV. If the total flux of primary particles has no steepening up to approx 10 to the 15th power eV, than the fraction of primary protons to the total flux should be approx 20% in contrast to approx 45% at lower energies

High energy gamma-rays and hadrons at Mount Fuji

The energy spectra of high energy gamma-rays and hadrons were obtained by the emulsion chamber with 40 c.u. thickness at Mt. Fuji (3750 m). These results are compared with the Monte Carlo calculation based on the same model which is used in a family analysis. Our data are compatible with the model of heavy-enriched primary and scaling in the fragmentation region

Particle interactions at energies over 1000 TeV inferred from gamma-families observed at Mount Fuji

Scaling, mean P sub t, high P sub t jets and others at energies over 1000 TeV are discussed on the basis of gamma-family data with sigma E sub gamma 100 TeV, observed at Mt. Fuji (3750 m). These quantities were examined in connection with the primary composition

PEMILIHAN SISTEM PENGAMAN PANTAI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (STUDI KASUS: PULAU DERAWAN DI KABUPATEN BERAU KALIMANTAN TIMUR)

Sejak tahun 2000 hingga sekarang, garis pantai Pulau Derawan sudah mundur lebih dari 15 meter. Jika dirata-ratakan, pulau ini kehilangan pantai satu meter setiap tahunnya.  Maka untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan suatu perencanaan yang baik dalam rangka pengaman pantai tersebut.Dalam rangka mengatasi persoalan dalam pengambilan keputusan tersebut, disajikan sebuah metode pengambilan keputusan yang disebut Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP. Dengan menggunakan metode AHP ini akan membantu pemecahan untuk pemilihan sistem pengaman pantai. Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process dapat digunakan untuk pemilihan alternatif sistem pengaman pantai dimana pada pantai di Pulau derawan, penerapan metode ini menghasilkan keputusan sebagai berikut Beach Nourishment = 29,65%; Penanaman Tumbuhan Pantai = 46,57 % ; Artificial Reef = 23,78%. Kata Kunci: AHP, Pantai, Beach Nourishment, Penanaman Tumbuhan Pantai, Artificial Ree

Fundamental open questions on engineering of "super" hydrogen sorption in graphite nanofibers: relevance for clean energy applications

Herein, some fundamental open questions on engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials are considered, namely: 1) on thermodynamic stability and related characteristics of some hydrogenated graphene layers nanostructures: relevance to the hydrogen storage problem; 2) determination of thermodynamic characteristics of graphene hydrides; 3) a treatment and interpretation of some recent STM, STS, HREELS/LEED, PES, ARPS and Raman spectroscopy data on hydrogensorbtion with epitaxial graphenes; 4) on the physics of intercalation of hydrogen into surface graphene-like nanoblisters in pyrolytic graphite and epitaxial graphenes; 5) on the physics of the elastic and plastic deformation of graphene walls in hydrogenated graphite nanofibers; 6) on the physics of engineering of “super” hydrogen sorption (storage) in carbonaceous nanomaterials, in the light of analysis of the Rodriguez-Baker extraordinary data and some others. These fundamental open questions may be solved within several years

Atmospheric gamma-ray observation with the BETS detectorfor calibrating atmospheric neutrino flux calculations

We observed atmospheric gamma-rays around 10 GeV at balloon altitudes (15~25 km) and at a mountain (2770 m a.s.l). The observed results were compared with Monte Carlo calculations to find that an interaction model (Lund Fritiof1.6) used in an old neutrino flux calculation was not good enough for describing the observed values. In stead, we found that two other nuclear interaction models, Lund Fritiof7.02 and dpmjet3.03, gave much better agreement with the observations. Our data will serve for examining nuclear interaction models and for deriving a reliable absolute atmospheric neutrino flux in the GeV region.We observed atmospheric gamma-rays around 10 GeV at balloon altitudes (15~25 km) and at a mountain (2770 m a.s.l). The observed results were compared with Monte Carlo calculations to find that an interaction model (Lund Fritiof1.6) used in an old neutrino flux calculation was not good enough for describing the observed values. In stead, we found that two other nuclear interaction models, Lund Fritiof7.02 and dpmjet3.03, gave much better agreement with the observations. Our data will serve for examining nuclear interaction models and for deriving a reliable absolute atmospheric neutrino flux in the GeV region