Search and Seizure in 2004: Dialogue or Dead-End?

This paper explores recent judicial treatment of section 8 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and reaches the conclusion that judicial activism and judicial inactivity have created an ineffective incorporation of constitutional norms within Canadian police culture. A proper understanding of activism would dictate that the Supreme Court of Canada should seize the available opportunities to clarify the boundaries of police power and not issue narrow rulings under the guise of allowing the power to evolve incrementally under the common law. It is best to leave the question of police empowerment through new technology for Parliament and if, and when, Parliament determines that it wants to add a particular, invasive technology to the police arsenal, the Court can review the power to determine if it comports with the Constitution. When it comes to the exercise of police discretion on the street, it is unfair to require the police to decipher the relationship between reasonable grounds to detain, reasonable grounds to suspect and reasonable and probable grounds. If the Court cannot provide sufficient guidance in creating new powers for state officials, it should decline to do so and in taking no action it can compel Parliament to address the issue in a comprehensive manner. Creating new police powers without attempting to address the issue in a comprehensive manner is judicial activism gone awry. The police have been vested with enormous discretion and this paper examines the Supreme Court’s approach in providing (or failing to provide) guidance on the parameters of the exercise of this discretion

Search and Seizure in 2004: Dialogue or Dead-End?

This paper explores recent judicial treatment of section 8 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and reaches the conclusion that judicial activism and judicial inactivity have created an ineffective incorporation of constitutional norms within Canadian police culture. A proper understanding of activism would dictate that the Supreme Court of Canada should seize the available opportunities to clarify the boundaries of police power and not issue narrow rulings under the guise of allowing the power to evolve incrementally under the common law. It is best to leave the question of police empowerment through new technology for Parliament and if, and when, Parliament determines that it wants to add a particular, invasive technology to the police arsenal, the Court can review the power to determine if it comports with the Constitution. When it comes to the exercise of police discretion on the street, it is unfair to require the police to decipher the relationship between reasonable grounds to detain, reasonable grounds to suspect and reasonable and probable grounds. If the Court cannot provide sufficient guidance in creating new powers for state officials, it should decline to do so and in taking no action it can compel Parliament to address the issue in a comprehensive manner. Creating new police powers without attempting to address the issue in a comprehensive manner is judicial activism gone awry. The police have been vested with enormous discretion and this paper examines the Supreme Court’s approach in providing (or failing to provide) guidance on the parameters of the exercise of this discretion

Efecto inhibidor del extracto acuoso de hojas de Persea americana Mill y sus fracciones sobre PTP1B como diana terapéutica para la diabetes tipo 2

Persea Americana Mill (Lauraceae), is a popular plant in Cuba due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. The fruit of the plant is commonly known as avocado. The leaves of Persea americana Mill have been popularly used in the treatment of diabetes in countries in Latin America and Africa. The present study is aimed to explore one of the underlying mechanisms that mediate the antidiabetic efficacy of Persea americana Mill. The aqueous extract from the leaves of the plant and its fractions were evaluated on the inhibitory activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as target of type 2 diabetes. The results revealed that aqueous extract from P americana inhibited the enzymatic activity of PTP1B in an extract concentration dependent manner, resulting mainly active the most polar fraction. The present research demonstrated that aqueous extract from P americana and polar fraction (PaF10) have promissory antidiabetic properties mediated by PTP1B, which is a relevant mechanism involved on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes

Earnings and Dividend Announcements is there a Corroboration Effect?

We examine abnormal stock returns surrounding contemporaneous earnings and dividend announcements in order to determine whether investors evaluate the two announcements in relation to each other.We find that there is a statistically significant interaction effect.The abnormal return corresponding to any earnings or dividend announcement depends upon the value of the other announcement. This evidence suggests the existence of a corroborative relationship between the two announcements. Investors give more credence to unanticipated dividend increases or decreases when earnings are also above or below expectations, and vice versa.