Flavor landscape of 10D SYM theory with magnetized extra dimensions

We study the flavor landscape of particle physics models based on a ten-dimensional super Yang-Mills theory compactified on magnetized tori preserving four-dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry. Recently, we constructed a semi-realistic model which contains the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) using an Ansatz of magnetic fluxes and orbifolding projections. However, we can consider more various configurations of magnetic fluxes and orbifolding projections preserving four-dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetry. We research systematically such possibilities for leading to MSSM-like models and study their phenomenological aspects.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1211.431

Photocatalytic plate‐like La2Ti2O7 nanoparticles synthesized via liquid‐feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF‐FSP) of metallo‐organic precursors

Nanoparticles (NPs) of a perovskite‐slab‐type oxide, La2Ti2O7, were synthesized using LF‐FSP coupled with subsequent heat treatments, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated using decolorization of methyl orange solution under Uv irradiation. The LF‐FSP process used metallo‐organic precursors to produce NPs with very low agglomeration with average particle sizes (APSs) of 26 nm (LF‐FSP NP). Optimized heat treatment of these NPs at 1000°C/3 h/air gave small, plate‐like NPs with high crystallinity, and BET specific surface areas (SSAs) of 14 m2/g, that exhibited the best observed photocatalytic activity. High‐angle annular dark‐field scanning TEM showed that heat‐treating eliminates microstructural defects in these NPs, improving photocatalytic activity by ≈30%. The current approach to perovskite‐slab‐type NPs using LF‐FSP provides a simple route to materials with superior photocatalytic activity and offers the advantage of good productivity, 30 g/h.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156137/2/jace17196_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156137/1/jace17196.pd

Effects of localized {\mu}-terms at the fixed points in magnetized orbifold models

We consider magnetized orbifolds, where the supersymmetric mass term for a pair of up- and down-type Higgs (super)fields, called $\mu$-term, is localized at the orbifold fixed points, and study the effects on the zero-mode spectra. The zero-mode degeneracy to be identified as the generation in four-dimensional (4D) effective theories is determined by the magnetic fluxes. It is known that multiple Higgs zero-modes appear in general in magnetized orbifold models. We derive the analytic form of the $\mu$-term matrix in the 4D effective theory generated by the localized sources on $T^2/Z_2$ orbifold fixed points, and find that this matrix can lead to a distinctive pattern of the eigenvalues that yields hierarchical $\mu$-terms for the multiple Higgs fields. The lightest ones can be exponentially suppressed due to the localized wavefunctions of zero-modes determined by the fluxes, while the others are of the order of the compactification scale, which can provide a dynamical origin of the electroweak scale as well as a simultaneous decoupling of extra Higgs fields. We also show that a certain linear combination of the lightest Higgs fields could generate the observed mass ratios of down-type quarks through their Yukawa couplings determined by the wavefunctions.Comment: 23 pages, 4 figures, 7 table

Classification of three-generation models on magnetized orbifolds

We classify the combinations of parameters which lead three generations of quarks and leptons in the framework of magnetized twisted orbifolds on $T^2/Z_2$, $T^2/Z_3$, $T^2/Z_4$ and $T^2/Z_6$ with allowing nonzero discretized Wilson line phases and Scherk-Schwarz phases. We also analyze two actual examples with nonzero phases leading to one-pair Higgs and five-pair Higgses and discuss the difference from the results without nonzero phases studied previously.Comment: 28 pages (main body and references) + 65 pages (full list of classification), 22 tables (v1); typos corrected, problem in sentence fixed (v2

Measuring the Energy of Ventilation and Circulation during Human Walking using Induced Hypoxia

Energy expenditure (EE) during walking includes energy costs to move and support the body and for respiration and circulation. We measured EE during walking under three different oxygen concentrations. Eleven healthy, young, male lowlanders walked on a treadmill at seven gait speeds (0.67–1.83 m s−1) on a level gradient under normobaric normoxia (room air, 21% O2), moderate hypoxia (15% O2), and severe hypoxia (11% O2). By comparing the hypoxia-induced elevation in heart rate (HR [bpm]), ventilation (VE [L min−1]) with the change in energy expenditure (EE [W]) at each speed, we were able to determine circulatory and respiratory costs. In a multivariate model combining HR and VE, respiratory costs were 0.44 ± 0.15 W per each L min−1 increase in VE, and circulatory costs were 0.24 ± 0.05 W per each bpm increase in HR (model adjusted r2 = 0.97, p \u3c 0.001). These VE costs were substantially lower than previous studies that ignored the contribution of HR to cardiopulmonary work. Estimated HR costs were consistent with, although somewhat higher than, measures derived from catheterization studies. Cardiopulmonary costs accounted for 23% of resting EE, but less than 5% of net walking costs (i.e., with resting EE subtracted)

Comparison on vertical distribution of pelagic copepod abundance, biomass and community structure between Atlantic and Pacific sector of the Arctic Ocean

Recently, a great reduction of sea ice coverage has been reported for the Arctic Ocean during summer. The reduction has been reported to be greater for regions which connect the Arctic with the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, respectively. Since the pelagic fauna differs between the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean, the effects of sea ice loss on the species and, thus, the Arctic ecosystems are expected to be different. However, little information is available on the differences in pelagic community between the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we investigated planktonic copepod abundance, biomass and community structure in the Atlantic and Pacific sectors of the Arctic Ocean, and address their differences

Electrical Excitation of the Pulmonary Venous Musculature May Contribute to the Formation of the Last Component of the High Frequency Signal of the P Wave

Pulmonary veins (PVs) have been shown to play an important role in the induction and perpetuation of focal AF. Fifty-one patients with AF, and 24 patients without AF as control subjects, were enrolled in this study. Signal-averaged P-wave recording was performed, and the filtered P wave duration (FPD), the root-mean-square voltage for the last 20, 30 and 40 ms (RMS20, 30, and 40, respectively) were compared. In 7 patients with AF, these parameters were compared before and after the catheter ablation. The FPD was significantly longer and the RMS20 was smaller in the patients with AF than those without AF. Because RMS30 was widely distributed between 2 and 10 µV, the AF group was sub-divided into two groups; Group 1 was comprised of the patients with an RMS30 ≧5.0 µV, and group 2, <5.0 µV. In group 1, short-coupled PACs were more frequently documented on Holter monitoring, and exercise testing more readily induced AF. After successful electrical disconnection between the LA and PVs, each micropotential parameter was significantly attenuated. These results indicate that the high frequency signal amplitude of the last component of the P wave is relatively high in patients with AF triggered by focal repetitive excitations most likely originating from the PVs. That is, attenuation by the LA-PV electrical isolation, and thus the high frequency P signals of the last component, may contain the electrical excitation of the PV musculature