Implikasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 11-017/puu-i/2003 terhadap Perlindungan Hukum Hak Dipilih

Paper that had the title: "Juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the Legal Protection for the Rights to be Eelected." This explores two issues: 1) how the legal protection of the settings selected in the state system of Indonesia ; 2) what are juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected. To solve both problems, this paper uses normative legal research methods. Approach being used is the statute approach, case approach, and a conceptual approach. Further legal materials collected were identified and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. Legal protection for the right to be elected in the state system of Indonesia can be traced from the 1945 opening, the articles in the body of the 1945 Constitution, Article 27 paragraph (1), Article 28D (1) and paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (3) 1945 Second Amendment, MPR Decree Number XVII/MPR/1998, Article 43 of Law Number 39 of 1999, Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Article 25 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Discussion of the juridical implications of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 011-017/PUU-I/2003 on the legal protection for the rights to be elected have been included: a) only on the juridical implications of representative institutions no longer marked with specified requirements as stipulated in Article 60 letter g of Law Number 12 Year 2003 in Law Number 10 Year 2008; b) juridical implications of the political field for the right to be elected is the absence of any discriminatory treatment in legislative product formed by the House of Representatives and the President as well as products of other legislation forward

Role of Steric Strain in the Chemistry of Phosphiranes

The reaction of transient [MeP-W­(CO)₅] with norbornene gives the two corresponding <i>exo</i> phosphiranes with W <i>syn</i> or <i>anti</i> to the norbornane bridge. The <i>syn</i> complex is selectively decomplexed by carbon monoxide at 120 °C under 50 bar. Both complexes are easily cleaved by Pd­(OAc)₂ at room temperature to give [MeP­(OAc)₂)]­W­(CO)₅

Role of Steric Strain in the Chemistry of Phosphiranes

The reaction of transient [MeP-W­(CO)₅] with norbornene gives the two corresponding <i>exo</i> phosphiranes with W <i>syn</i> or <i>anti</i> to the norbornane bridge. The <i>syn</i> complex is selectively decomplexed by carbon monoxide at 120 °C under 50 bar. Both complexes are easily cleaved by Pd­(OAc)₂ at room temperature to give [MeP­(OAc)₂)]­W­(CO)₅

Role of Steric Strain in the Chemistry of Phosphiranes

The reaction of transient [MeP-W­(CO)₅] with norbornene gives the two corresponding <i>exo</i> phosphiranes with W <i>syn</i> or <i>anti</i> to the norbornane bridge. The <i>syn</i> complex is selectively decomplexed by carbon monoxide at 120 °C under 50 bar. Both complexes are easily cleaved by Pd­(OAc)₂ at room temperature to give [MeP­(OAc)₂)]­W­(CO)₅

Alkene–Carbene Isomerization induced by Borane: Access to an Asymmetrical Diborene

A 2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-1,2-azaborole derivative <b>2</b> was converted to a cyclic (alkyl) (amino)­carbene (cAAC) via 1,2-hydrogen migration triggered by boranes to afford cAAC-borane adducts. This procedure allowed us to develop an asymmetrical diborene cAAC·(Br)­BB­(Br)·IDip <b>6</b>, which was isolated and fully characterized. The ¹¹B NMR spectrum, X-ray diffraction analysis and computational studies indicate that π-electrons on the central B₂ moiety in <b>6</b> are unequivalently distributed, and thus polarized. A complete scission of the BB double bond in <b>6</b> was achieved by the treatment with an isonitrile, which led to the formation of a base-stabilized B,N-containing methylenecyclopropane <b>7</b>

A One-Pot Diastereoselective Self Assembly of C‑Stereogenic Copper(I) Diphosphine Clusters

C-chirogenic diphosphine-based clusters with 8-membered “chairlike” Cu₄Cl₄L₂ and 12-membered “drumlike” Cu₆Cl₆L₃ (L = diphosphine) frameworks were prepared in one-pot syntheses from chiral diphosphines, which were generated in situ via the double hydrophosphination reaction in excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity. Excellent control over the final molecular architecture of the cluster (drum vs chair) could be achieved by the judicious selection of the source of the copper atoms employed in the synthetic protocol. Each cluster was characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P­{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized clusters were found to exhibit catalytic activity in the hydroboration reaction of α,β-unsaturated enones with excellent yields albeit with low enantioselectivity

The Microstructural Status of the Corpus Callosum Is Associated with the Degree of Motor Function and Neurological Deficit in Stroke Patients

<div><p>Human neuroimaging studies and animal models have suggested that white matter damage from ischemic stroke leads to the functional and structural reorganization of perilesional and remote brain regions. However, the quantitative relationship between the transcallosal tract integrity and clinical motor performance score after stroke remains unexplored. The current study employed a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the relationship between white matter diffusivity changes and the clinical scores in stroke patients. Probabilistic fiber tracking was also used to identify structural connectivity patterns in the patients. Thirteen ischemic stroke patients and fifteen healthy control subjects participated in this study. TBSS analyses showed that the corpus callosum (CC) and bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST) in the stroke patients exhibited significantly decreased fractional anisotropy and increased axial and radial diffusivity compared with those of the controls. Correlation analyses revealed that the motor and neurological deficit scores in the stroke patients were associated with the value of diffusivity indices in the CC. Compared with the healthy control group, probabilistic fiber tracking analyses revealed that significant changes in the inter-hemispheric fiber connections between the left and right motor cortex in the stroke patients were primarily located in the genu and body of the CC, left anterior thalamic radiation and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, bilateral CST, anterior/superior corona radiate, cingulum and superior longitudinal fasciculus, strongly suggesting that ischemic induces inter-hemispheric network disturbances and disrupts the white matter fibers connecting motor regions. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that DTI-derived measures in the CC can be used to predict the severity of motor skill and neurological deficit in stroke patients. Changes in structural connectivity pattern tracking between the left and right motor areas, particularly in the body of the CC, might reflect functional reorganization and behavioral deficit.</p></div

Alkene–Carbene Isomerization induced by Borane: Access to an Asymmetrical Diborene

A 2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-1,2-azaborole derivative <b>2</b> was converted to a cyclic (alkyl) (amino)­carbene (cAAC) via 1,2-hydrogen migration triggered by boranes to afford cAAC-borane adducts. This procedure allowed us to develop an asymmetrical diborene cAAC·(Br)­BB­(Br)·IDip <b>6</b>, which was isolated and fully characterized. The ¹¹B NMR spectrum, X-ray diffraction analysis and computational studies indicate that π-electrons on the central B₂ moiety in <b>6</b> are unequivalently distributed, and thus polarized. A complete scission of the BB double bond in <b>6</b> was achieved by the treatment with an isonitrile, which led to the formation of a base-stabilized B,N-containing methylenecyclopropane <b>7</b>

Boron Analogue of Vinylidene Dication Supported by Phosphines

In the presence of a catalytic amount of heavier tetrylene dichlorides, an allenic diborene <b>1</b> undergoes a 1,3-hydrogen shift to afford a terminal diborene <b>2</b>, which can be deemed a boron analogue of vinylidene dication stabilized by Lewis bases. X-ray diffraction analysis and computational studies revealed that <b>2</b> involves a conjugative interaction between the CC and BB π-orbitals. The reaction of <b>2</b> with ZnBr₂ afforded the corresponding isolable complex <b>3</b>, in which two boon centers coordinate to the Zn atom asymmetrically

A Base-Stabilized Silyliumylidene Cation as a Ligand for Rhodium and Tungsten Complexes

The reaction of the base-stabilized silyliumylidene triflate [LSi­(DMAP)]­OTf (<b>1</b>·OTf; L = PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂, DMAP = 4-dimethylaminopyridine) with [Rh­(cod)­Cl]₂ and W­(CO)₅­THF afforded [{L­(DMAP)­Si}₂­{μ-Rh­(μ-Cl)₂­Rh­(cod)}]­(OTf)₂ (<b>2</b>) and [L­(DMAP)­Si→W­(CO)₅]­OTf (<b>3</b>), respectively. Their crystal structures determined by X-ray crystallography show that the silyliumylidene cation acts as a two-electron donor coordinating to the rhodium and tungsten atoms