LAND APPLICATION OF SWINE WASTE: REGULATION AND PRODUCER PRACTICES IN OKLAHOMA

Livestock Production/Industries,

Ape1 regulates hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells through its redox functional domain

Ape1 is a molecule with dual functions in DNA repair and redox regulation of transcription factors. In Ape1-deficient mice, embryos do not survive beyond embryonic day 9, indicating that this molecule is required for normal embryo development. Currently, direct evidence of the role of Ape1 in regulating hematopoiesis is lacking. We used the embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation system and an siRNA approach to knockdown Ape1 gene expression to test the role of Ape1 in hematopoiesis. Hemangioblast development from ES cells was reduced 2- to 3-fold when Ape1 gene expression was knocked down by Ape1-specific siRNA, as was primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. Impaired hematopoiesis was not associated with increased apoptosis in siRNA-treated cells. To begin to explore the mechanism whereby Ape1 regulates hematopoiesis, we found that inhibition of the redox activity of Ape1 with E3330, a specific Ape1 redox inhibitor, but not Ape1 DNA repair activity, which was blocked using the small molecule methoxyamine, affected cytokine-mediated hemangioblast development in vitro. In summary, these data indicate Ape1 is required in normal embryonic hematopoiesis and that the redox function, but not the repair endonuclease activity, of Ape1 is critical in normal embryonic hematopoietic development

Defective TGFβ signaling in bone marrow-derived cells prevents Hedgehog-induced skin tumors

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in cancer cells drives changes in the tumor microenvironment that are incompletely understood. Here we report that Hh- driven tumors exhibit an increase in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and a decrease in T cells, indicative of an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment. This change was associated with activated TGFβ signaling in several cell types in BCCs. We determined that TGFβ signaling in bone marrow (BM)-derived cells, not keratinocytes, regulates MDSC and promotes tumor development. Tgfbr2 deficiency in the BM-derived cells also reduced the size of previously developed tumors in mice. We identified CCL2 as the major chemokine attracting MDSC to tumor, whose expression was Tgfbr2-dependent, whereas its receptor CCR2 was highly expressed in MDSC population. CCL2 alone was sufficient to induce migration of MDSC. Moreover, the CCR2 inhibitors prevented MDSC migration towards skin cells in vitro, reduced MDSC accumulation and Hh signaling-driven tumor development in mice. Our results reveal a signaling network critical for Hh signaling in cancer cells to establish an effective immune suppressive microenvironment during tumor development

The Ursinus Weekly, October 30, 1939

25,000 see bears fall fighting before Army avalanche, 46-13 • Juniors to discuss yearbook change • Hallowe\u27en party this Friday night • Philip announces oratorio soloists • Soph hayride • Fireside chats planned for Wednesday evening • Rhodes scholarships discontinued by war • Mrs. Baker on campus for music clinic and vocal lessons • Y social service committee to sponsor Philadelphia trip • Rollin Lawrence to speak at vespers service on Sunday • Ursinus and Swarthmore to meet in radio debate Sunday • Make-up experts to speak to women\u27s mass meeting • Bonos elected president of history-social science group • Cycle discussions planned for future IRC meetings • Carter, Miller at conference of Penna. historical assn. • Valerie Green \u2740 elected president of Manuscript Club • Interdorm football nears close finish • Booters down F. & M., bow to Haverford, 3-0 • Temple hockey team downs Ursinus co-eds in close gamehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1824/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, April 17, 1939

Gymnasium to be transformed into rainbow room at prom • Three hundred people attend YM-YW fine arts-fine living conference • Collegeville community club to give Schumann matinee • Ursinus represented at model league assembly • No danger of war, Willauer asserts • New York world\u27s fair offers student prices • Kenneth Snyder elected editor-in-chief of Lantern • Miss Helen Lyon will speak at Y program • Tulip town to present picture of Dutch life • Philip, Wilcox receive honors during week • Co-ed tennis squad to open season April 24 with Rosemont • Bear batsmen drop pair of games to Temple and Bucknell • Varsity Club banquets; Atkinson new president • Hashagen drills thirty-two cinder aspirants for first meet Saturday • President McClure to address Philadelphia alumni association • Stahl brothers will display exhibit of pottery on April 26 • Ursinus students to attend government conferencehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1867/thumbnail.jp

The Ursinus Weekly, October 23, 1939

Musical organizations to sing The Messiah on December 7 • Frosh dine, dance at Spring Mountain • Muhlenberg eleven overwhelms bears • Seniors plan play with Curtain Club • Theme, new features planned for 1940 Ruby • College collects cuts ; library in Bomberger • Rev. Finnie speaks to large crowd at Y vespers service • Hallowe\u27en party will be held in gym Nov.3 • Len Mayfair plays for 150 couples at old timers\u27 dance • Student body eats doggies and then cheers at pep rally • Modern language group to hold party in rec center tonight • Forencists will debate two topics this year • Elm tree in front of library hit by lightning Saturday • Curtis and Glenwood share honors in Saturday\u27s parade • Library clock is copy of Big Ben • Dr. Mauchly addresses physicists\u27 conference • Women\u27s debate club holds meeting; decides on topic • Campus trees have background as well as beauty • I.N.A. convention to be held at Bucknell University Nov. 10-11 • Neutrality debate by Hyde and Blum at IRC meeting Tuesday • English Club will hear review of The Hudson at meeting • Hall Chemical Society will show picture on petroleum • Powerful Muhlenberg eleven overwhelms grizzly gridders • Intramural football off to flying start • Ursinus grid feat in Chicago paper • J.V. football team beats Farm School • Hockeyites beat grads, lose to Swarthmore • Bears step out of class to meet Army next Saturday • Soccer game with Dickinson cancelled; F. and M. next foe • Edwards takes moving pictures of Ursinus games this seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1823/thumbnail.jp

Parallel Algorithms for Isolated and Connected Word Recognition

For years researchers have worked toward finding a way to allow people to talk to machines in the same manner a person communicates to another person. This verbal man to machine interface, called speech recognition, can be grouped into three types: isolated word recognition, connected word recognition, and continuous speech recognition. Isolated word recognizers recognize single words with distinctive pauses before and after them. Continuous speech recognizers recognize speech spoken as one person speaks to another, continuously without pauses. Connected word recognition is an extension of isolated word recognition which recognizes groups of words spoken continuously. A group of words must have distinctive pauses before and after it, and the number of words in a group is limited to some small value (typically less than six). If these types of recognition systems are to be successful in the real world, they must be speaker independent and support a large vocabulary. They also must be able to recognize the speech input accurately and in real time. Currently there is no system which can meet all of these criteria because a vast amount of computations are needed. This report examines the use of parallel processing to reduce the computation time for speech recognition. Two different types of parallel architectures are considered here, the Single Instruction stream - Multiple Data (S1MD) machine and the VLSI processor array. The SIMD machine is chosen for its flexibility, which makes it a good candidate for testing new speech recognition algorithms. The VLSI processor array is selected as being good for a dedicated recognition system because of its simple processors and fixed interconnections. This report involves designing SIMD systems and VLSI processor arrays for both isolated and connected word recognition systems. These architectures are evaluated and contrasted in terms of the number of processors needed, the interprocessor connections required, and the “power” each processor needs to achieve real time recognition. The results show that an SIMD machine using 100 processors, each with an MC68000 processor, can recognize isolated words in real time using a 20 KHz sampling rate and a 1,000 word vocabulary

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PRL2 Mediates Notch and Kit Signals in Early T Cell Progenitors

The molecular pathways regulating lymphoid priming, fate, and development of multipotent bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that continuously feed thymic progenitors remain largely unknown. While Notch signal is indispensable for T cell specification and differentiation, the downstream effectors are not well understood. PRL2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase that regulates hematopoietic stem cell proliferation and self-renewal, is highly expressed in murine thymocyte progenitors. Here we demonstrate that protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL2 and receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit are critical downstream targets and effectors of the canonical Notch/RBPJ pathway in early T cell progenitors. While PRL2 deficiency resulted in moderate defects of thymopoiesis in the steady state, de novo generation of T cells from Prl2 null hematopoietic stem cells was significantly reduced following transplantation. Prl2 null HSPCs also showed impaired T cell differentiation in vitro. We found that Notch/RBPJ signaling upregulated PRL2 as well as c-Kit expression in T cell progenitors. Further, PRL2 sustains Notch-mediated c-Kit expression and enhances stem cell factor/c-Kit signaling in T cell progenitors, promoting effective DN1-DN2 transition. Thus, we have identified a critical role for PRL2 phosphatase in mediating Notch and c-Kit signals in early T cell progenitors

“A very orderly retreat”: Democratic transition in East Germany, 1989-90

East Germany's 1989-90 democratisation is among the best known of East European transitions, but does not lend itself to comparative analysis, due to the singular way in which political reform and democratic consolidation were subsumed by Germany's unification process. Yet aspects of East Germany's democratisation have proved amenable to comparative approaches. This article reviews the comparative literature that refers to East Germany, and finds a schism between those who designate East Germany's transition “regime collapse” and others who contend that it exemplifies “transition through extrication”. It inquires into the merits of each position and finds in favour of the latter. Drawing on primary and secondary literature, as well as archival and interview sources, it portrays a communist elite that was, to a large extent, prepared to adapt to changing circumstances and capable of learning from “reference states” such as Poland. Although East Germany was the Soviet state in which the positions of existing elites were most threatened by democratic transition, here too a surprising number succeeded in maintaining their position while filing across the bridge to market society. A concluding section outlines the alchemy through which their bureaucratic power was transmuted into property and influence in the “new Germany”

The Ursinus Weekly, January 8, 1940

Byrne and McAllister to head junior week-end committees • Hon. J. William Ditter to speak on Founders\u27 Day, February 15 • Lorelei on Feb. 16; Harshaw chairman • Besse Howard will lead quiz forum • Apes win fraternity scholarship plaque • Dr. Francis Green at vespers Sunday • Dickinson law dean to speak to pre-legalites • Fred Wrigley to return for dance on Saturday • Mr. Sheeder lauds Christmas \u27Lantern\u27 • College students think that United States can stay out of conflict, survey shows • Fraternity rushing rules • Skyrocket to fame tells story of singer Jan Peerce\u27s career • Science building is outstanding change on Ursinus landscape in last decade • Dr. Meminger honored by new autumn Alumni Journal • Grizzly five tramples Albright in conference opener; loses to Rutgers in first game before holidays, 60-55 • Stevens optimistic as proteges drill • Albright freshmen top bear yearlings, 55-36 • Biery on Delaware all-opponents • Play ball, America! to be shown on Thursday • Bears meet Muhlenberg, Gettysburg this week • Barnard, Carter at conventions during holidays • Prof. Sheeder lists religious qualities at vespers service • Morris represents Ursinus at Canadian Christian conference • Brownback speaks to men\u27s faculty club at Tues. meeting • Hall Chemical Society will show film, Sincerely yours • Bone to speak to men\u27s Debate Club in Freeland Hall tonight • Borrell and Seibert represent college in Penn State debatehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1831/thumbnail.jp