Áttekintés a műfajkutatás tendenciáiról és lehetőségeiről. Útban egy kognitív szemléletű műfajelmélet felé

<p>Delta, theta, alpha and beta band power at different locations during the walking test (μV²).</p

Table_1_The effects of blurred visual inputs with different levels on the cerebral activity during free level walking.docx

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of blurred vision on electrocortical activities at different levels during walking.Materials and methodsA total of 22 healthy volunteers (all men; mean age: 24.4 ± 3.9 years) underwent an electroencephalography (EEG) test synchronous with free level walking. Visual status was simulated by goggles covered by the occlusion foil targeted at a Snellen visual acuity of 20/60 (V0.3), 20/200 (V0.1), and light perception (V0). At each of these conditions, the participants completed barefoot walking for five blocks of 10 m. The EEG signals were recorded by a wireless EEG system with electrodes of interest, namely, Cz, Pz, Oz, O1, and O2. The gait performances were assessed by the Vicon system.ResultsDuring walking with normal vision (V1.0), there were cerebral activities related to visual processing, characterized as higher spectral power of delta (Oz and O2 vs. Cz, Pz, and O1, p ≤ 0.033) and theta (Oz vs. Cz and O1, p = 0.044) bands in occipital regions. Moderately blurred vision (V0.3) would attenuate the predominance of delta- and theta-band activities at Oz and O2, respectively. At the statuses of V0.1 and V0, the higher power of delta (at V0.1 and V0, Oz, and O2 vs. Cz, Pz, and O1, p ≤ 0.047) and theta bands (at V0.1, Oz vs. Cz, p = 0.010; at V0, Oz vs. Cz, Pz, and O1, p ≤ 0.016) emerged again. The cautious gait pattern, characterized by a decrease in gait speed (p ConclusionMildly blurred visual inputs would elicit generalization of low-frequency band activity during walking. In circumstance to no effective visual input, locomotor navigation would rely on cerebral activity related to visual working memory. The threshold to trigger the shift might be the visual status that is as blurred as the level of Snellen visual acuity of 20/200.</p

The characteristics of EEG power spectra changes after ACL rupture

<div><p>Background</p><p>Reestablishing knee stability is the core of the treatment of ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) injury. Some patients still have a feeling of instability of the knee after ACL injury treatment. This unstable feeling may be caused by central nervous system changes after ACL rupture.</p><p>Methods</p><p>To identify the central changes after ACL rupture, EEG spectra were recorded to compare ACL patients and healthy controls when they were walking, jogging, and landing.</p><p>Results</p><p>There was a significant increase in delta, theta, alpha and beta band power during walking, jogging and landing in ACL patients. We also found an asymmetry phenomenon of EEG only in the ACL patients, mainly in the frontal area and central-parietal area. The asymmetry of beta band power extended to the frontal and the central area during jogging and landing task.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>There were significant differences in EEG power spectra between the ACL patients and healthy people. ACL patients showed high EEG band power activities and an asymmetry phenomenon. EEG power changes were affected by movements, the asymmetry extended when performing more complicated movements.</p></div

Topographical maps of the spectral beta band (It was ln-transformed in order to present the data clearly).

<p>Topographical maps of the spectral beta band (It was ln-transformed in order to present the data clearly).</p

Topographical maps of the spectral delta band (It was ln-transformed in order to present the data clearly).

<p>Topographical maps of the spectral delta band (It was ln-transformed in order to present the data clearly).</p

Subject Information.

<p>Subject Information.</p

Delta, theta, alpha and beta band power at different locations during the jogging test (μV²).

<p>Delta, theta, alpha and beta band power at different locations during the jogging test (μV²).</p

Illustration on the influences derived from ACL deficiency by comparing with the COP movements of healthy volunteers.

<p>Illustration on the influences derived from ACL deficiency by comparing with the COP movements of healthy volunteers.</p

Similarity of Center of Pressure Progression during Walking and Jogging of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Patients - Fig 1

<p>(a, left) COP trajectory of a right foot during walking (b, right) different COP trajectories normalized in unit scale of a right foot during walking.</p

Comparison on the differences of human COP movements between intrasubject and intersubject.

<p>(a)For healthy volunteers; (b) For ACL-ruptured patients.</p