A Series of 2,4(1H,3H)-Quinazolinedione derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anticancer agents

A series of 6,7-disubstituted-3-{2-[4-(substituted)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives (7-34) were synthesized and their structures were elucidated on the basis of analytical and spectral (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS) data. These synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against a panel of three human cancer cell lines. According to the cytotoxicity screening results, 3-{2-[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl} quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (7) presented the highest activity against HUH-7, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell line with the IC50 values of 2.5, 6.8 and 4.9 μM, respectively. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers

Nursing education in the era of virtual reality

Today's new technologies have impacted many different areas of education, with nursing education one such area. Nursing education, as a learning process, targets the combination of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning domains. However, traditional teaching methods may not meet all of the Y and Z generations' learning needs. Today's learners are accustomed to multimedia learning environments and have come to expect a certain level of technology integrated into their curricula. Virtual Reality (VR) technology enables students to become immersed within a 360-degree view experience of scenes that have been completely digitally created, whilst no longer viewing the real world around them. Virtual simulation has been used to teach communication, disaster relief, teamwork, and interviewing techniques, among other skills; and can also provide immersive personalized learning experiences. This chapter presents some of the many facets of VR in today's nursing education. © 2021, IGI Global

Practices in human dignity in palliative care a qualitative study

PubMed ID: 29432353Respecting and valuing an individual’s existential dignity forms the basis of nursing and medical practice and of nursing care. The objective of the study was to determine the approach to human dignity that nurses and physicians have while providing palliative care. This qualitative study was performed using a phenomenological research design. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted in 9 nurses and 5 physicians with human dignity approach in palliative care. Following the qualitative Colaizzi method of analyzing the data, the statements made by the nurses and physicians during the interviews were grouped under 8 categories. Consistent with the questionnaire format, 8 themes and 43 subthemes of responses were determined describing the human dignity of the nurse and the physicians. The results of the study showed that in some of the decisions and practices of the nurses giving nursing care and physicians giving medical care to palliative care patients, while they displayed ethically sensitive behavior, on some points, they showed approaches that violated human dignity and showed lack of awareness of ethical, medical, and social responsibilities. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc

Prick Skin Test Results in Children Less Than Three Years-Old

Objective: Allergic diseases can be identified as asthma, atopic dermatitis and rhinitis in early childhood. Skin prick test is not used routinely for determination of allergic disease in early life. In this study, we evaluated prick skin test results children younger than three years-old. Patients and Methods: One hundred and three children aged less than three years that were on follow up at Çukurova University, Pediatric Allergy-Immunology Division were included in this study. There were 55 boys and 48 girls with a mean age of 18.48 ± 8.62 months. Asthma was identified in 69 cases (67%), atopic dermatitis in 32 (31%) and rhinitis in 12 cases (11%). Onset age and duration of the disease, history of infection at the beginning of the disease, parental smoking, duration of breast feeding, heating system were evaluated. Serum total IgE levels, phadiatop (Pharmacia, CAP system, Sweden) and skin prick test (Allergopharma, Germany) were investigsted. Results: Fifty three (51%) patients had positive skin test at least to one allergen. Mites (D. Pteronyssinus or D. farinea) were found to be major allergen (27%). Foods, pollens and mold mixture were determined as sensitising agent in 19 (18%), 18 (17%) and 11 (10%) cases respectively. Foods were major allergen in infants whose disease had started before 12 months. Inhalant allergens were seen more commonly in children that age of onset and duration of disease were more than 12 months. Serum Ig E level was found to be high in 36 cases who had positive prick test. Phadiatop was positive in 27 infants and 7 of these cases had negative skin test. Conclusion: We found that allergen hypersensitivity was more common in infants with asthma and other allergic diseases. Prick skin test can be used for determination of different allergens and infantile asthma may be prevented by early controlling exposure to allergens

A Series of 2,4(1H,3H)-Quinazolinedione derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anticancer agents

A series of 6,7-disubstituted-3-{2-[4-(substituted)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl}quinazoline- 2,4(1H,3H)-dione derivatives (7-34) were synthesized and their structures were elucidated on the basis of analytical and spectral (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS) data. These synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against a panel of three human cancer cell lines. According to the cytotoxicity screening results, 3-{2-[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl} quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (7) presented the highest activity against HUH-7, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell line with the IC50 values of 2.5, 6.8 and 4.9 μM, respectively. © 2016 Bentham Science Publishers

Bronchiectasis: Still a problem

PubMedID: 11477735Summary. The prevalence of bronchiectasis (BR) has decreased significantly in industrialized countries, but is still commonplace in developing countries. We evaluated the causes and clinical features of BR in 23 children (13 boys (57%) and 10 girls (43%), with a mean age of 8.45±4.02 years). Infection was the major cause of BR in our region. In 8 patients, BR developed after tuberculosis or pneumonia, was associated with immune deficiency syndromes in 4 children, and with asthma in 4. Cystic fibrosis was diagnosed in 4 cases and ciliary dyskinesia in 3. In 10 patients, only one lobe was involved. Bronchiectatic lesions were most commonly found in the left lower lobe and were observed in 7 patients. Multilobar involvement was found in 13 patients. The initial treatment was primarily medical, but in 2 patients whose medical therapy failed, pulmonary resection was carried out. Three patients died from severe pulmonary infection and respiratory failure. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Kistik fibrozis-dişi bronşektazili çocuklarin klinik ve radyolojik özellikleri

İnal A, Karakoç GB, Yilmaz M, Altintaş DU, Kendirli SG. (Department of Pediatrics, çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey). The clinical and radiologic features of children with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Çocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dergisi 2009; 52: 20-24. Bronchiectasis is still an important problem in developing countries. The aims of the present study were to document the clinical, demographical and radiologic features of children with non-cystic bronchiectasis and to evaluate the relationship between bronchiectasis distribution severity scores obtained from high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan and pulmonary function tests. Age of symptom onset, age of diagnosis, frequency of presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, pulmonary function tests, and affected lobes in HRCT were evaluated; in addition, using HRCT, each lobe was scored separately to obtain a bronchiectasis distribution severity score. The cause could not be determined in 17 patients (30.9%); immunodeficiency was detected in 11 (20%) and infections in 9 (16.4%) patients as a cause of bronchiectasis. The most common presenting symptoms were cough and sputum expectoration. The most common affected lobe was the left lower lobe, and 21 patients (38.2%) had three or more lobe involvement. The anatomic extent scores obtained from HRCT scans were significantly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) (r= -0.58, p<0.001) and MEF 25-75 (r= -0.56, p<0.001). Early diagnosis and treatment of bronchiectasis will increase the quality of life of patients and decrease the complications of this irreversible process

A case of latex allergy caused by hypersensitivity to spacer with mask in a 6-year-old boy with asthma [Alti yaşinda astimli erkek bir hastada araci tüp maskesine bagli gelişen lateks alerjisi]

The prevalence of latex allergy in children is increasing worldwide. Contact urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immunoglobulin E that usually manifests as localized erythema, edema, pruritus, and urticarial plaques. It can also cause systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis. In this report, we describe a child with asthma who was found to have type I hypersensitivity to rubber by prick test. A six-year-old boy was admitted to our clinic with complaints of erythema, pruritus, and urticarial plaques on the edge of his mouth for the previous 10 days. Latex allergy was suspected. Skin prick test showed a positive reaction to latex. Physicians should be aware of latex allergy in atopic children, especially in those using spacer with a mask

Exhaled breath condensate MMP-9 levels in children with bronchiectasis

PubMedID: 19725099Bronchiectasis (BE) is still an important cause of chronic supurative respiratory diseases in developing countries. Neutrophil-derived proteases such as neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are implicated in causing airway damage in chronic pulmonary disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the MMP-9 and its natural tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) levels utilizing the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) method and their relationship with radiological findings and pulmonary functions in children with BE. Thirty-eight children with BE and 12 healthy children were included: Group 1 (cystic fibrosis [CF] BE), Group 2 (non-CF BE), Group 3 (control group). High-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) scores were calculated according to the anatomic extent of BE. Pulmonary function tests were performed, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in EBC were analyzed by ELISA. Exhaled breath condensate MMP-9 level was 48.9±26.8 ng/ml for Group 1, and for Group 2, 42.8±18.1 ng/ml; and for Group 3, 30±3.7 ng/ml. Although no statistically significant difference was found between the Groups 1 and 2, a significant difference was detected between these groups and controls. No statistically significant difference was found in TIMP-1 levels regarding all groups. EBC MMP-9 levelswere inversely correlated with pulmonary functions test, and positively with HRCTscores and annual number of pulmonary infections. In conclusion, this study showed that EBC of children with both CF BE and non-CF BE contained higher levels of MMP-9 in comparison to controls. We suggest that EBC MMP-9 level may be a useful marker of airway injury in patients with BE however prospective studies are needed. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Is there any relationship between asthma and asthma attack in children and atypical bacterial infections; Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori

PubMedID: 17535826Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. There are many factors affecting the development and severity of childhood asthma such as genetic predisposition, atopy, environmental factors, obesity, diet, socioeconomic status, and infectious triggers. In the present study we aimed to investigate the frequency of Mycdoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori infections in asthmatic children. We investigated also whether there is a relationship between these agents and asthma attacks. Material and methods: Seventy-nine asthmatic children (46 males, aged 5-15 years) were included in study. The study group was divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 37 children with asthma attacks and group 2 consisted of 42 children with stable asthma. As a control group we studied 36 healthy children. Pulmonary function tests, skin prick tests for common allergens were performed; serum total IgE, phadiatop, specific IgM and IgG antibody levels (ELISA) for M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae and H. pylori were measured in all patients. Results: Mycoplasma IgM and Chlamidia IgM were positive in 8.1% (3 patients) and 18.9% (7 patients) of group 1 patients, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for Mycoplasma IgM (p = 0.031) and Chlamidia IgM (p = 0.03) between group1 and other two groups. We have not found significant difference for M. pneumoniae IgG, C. pneumoniae IgG and H. pylori IgM and IgG among groups. Conclusion: M. Pneumoniae and C. Pneumoniae may play a role in development of asthma exacerbations in childhood. We could not find a relationship between H. Pylori and asthma. © The Author [2007]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved