L'évaluation des ressources naturelles : le cas de la forêt classée de Tiogo au Burkina Faso

Forest provides a wide range of environmental goods and services among which, biodiversity or consumption goods: they are know as forest amenities and constitute public goods. So, the valuing of forest cannot be directly based on market prices but is estimated using revealed preference methods. The contingent valuation method is used to estimate the values of the Tiogo forest in Burkina Faso using dataset from a survey of 300 rural households. The monthly average household willingness to pay for getting a plot in the forest is 620 F CFA while it reaches only 487 FCFA for protecting it. The results indicate that contingent valuation can be successfully applied to rural households in developing countries. They provide information about benefits from forest use. The econometric analysis identifies the determinants of the willingness to pay.Value., Willingness to pay, Contingent valuation, Forest, Natural resources, burkina faso

Gestion communautaire et forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso, forest is an imperfect public good: non-exclusion in the use of derived goods and services and rivalry in wood exploitation and the non-woody forest product consumption. The free access characterizing it and the free-riding behaviour lead to the forest resources an over-exploitation. This situation is a source of negative externalities, which leads to sub-optimisation allocation of these natural resources. These externalities impose costs on the whole society (social cost) and policy interventions are needed to avoid “tragedy of the commons”. In the related literature, two solutions are traditionally recommended: privatisation or public intervention regulating collective use of the resource. But a community-based management may be an alternative to the observed State mismanagement? This study analyses the required conditions to the implementation of a community-based natural resource management for the Tiogo forest in Burkina Faso.cooperation, institutions, Property rights, Forest, Natural resources, burkina faso

Approach towards an operational tool to apply institutional analysis for the assessment of policy feasibility within SEAMLESS-IF

Environmental Economics and Policy,

Gestion d'une ressource naturelle et action collective : le cas de la forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso is a Sahelian country where aridity is a constant characteristic of the natural environment. The fragile nature of ecological system means that particular care must be paid to the rational use of renewable natural resources in general and forest management in particular. The forest offers a variety goods and services. It is a source of income and food; it conditions the rainy season (a positive externality). However, the multiple and competing uses of the forest are also a source of negative externalities (bush fires, anarchical clearings, etc.) leading to deforestation. Moreover the State, owner of classified forests, is unable to manage them efficiently. The thesis analyses credible and durable solutions to the coordination problems involved In the use of the forest. Using a survey carried out in villages bordering on the Tiogo forest (February-March 2001), I highlight the failure of the State to adequately manage forest resource, the importance of free riding phenomena and the harmful consequences of agriculture and breeding. The results show that a delegating property rights to local communities is a credible alternative to Stat management. Moreover, local institutions in the bordering villages are able to reduces harmful actions by households, while minimizing the ensuing transaction costs. A contingent valuation assessment of the value of the Tiogo forest shows that it would be possible to ask rural households to take part financially in its maintenance.Le contrôle de la déforestation, par la mise en place par les autorités étatiques d'interdits et de restriction sur l'usage des ressources forestières, se heurte à des difficultés de succès dans beaucoup de pays en développement. L'approche actuelle consiste souvent à rendre aux communautés locales le contrôle de leurs ressources, lorsque l'Etat et les marchés n'arrivent pas à résoudre les problèmes comme la gestion des externalités négatives dans le cas d'une exploitation de ressources en propriété commune et de la provision de biens publics. Cet article analyse les solutions crédibles et durables aux problèmes de coordination dans l'usage de la forêt classée de Tiogo au Burkina Faso

Evaluation contingente des ressources naturelles : le cas de la forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso

International audienceLa forêt fournit une grande diversité de biens et services environnementaux, comme la biodiversité ou des produits de consommation : ce sont les aménités forestières qui sont souvent des biens publics. Ainsi, l'évaluation de la forêt ne peut être obtenue directement par les prix du marché mais estimée par des méthodes de révélation des préférences. Dans cet article, nous utilisons la méthode de l'évaluation contingente pour estimer les valeurs d'usage réel et potentiel de la forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso à partir de données micro-économiques obtenues par enquêtes auprès de 300 ménages ruraux. Une analyse économétrique indique les déterminants des consentements à payer

Sustainable Development and Institutional Change: Evidence from the Tiogo Forest in Burkina Faso

International audienceThe management of forest resources in developing countries is often inefficient and this is particularly the case when forests are a public good managed by the state. These inefficiencies are generally the result of both externalities and free-riding behaviour. The solution usually considered is to change the property rights structure of the resource, i.e. privatisation of forests. It appears, however, that privatisation also has inefficiencies of its own, particularly when it is imposed on local populations. The aim of our contribution is to go beyond the usual state management versus privatisation debate, and to propose instead a property rights structure and related coordination scheme which take into account the specific institutional circumstances of the economic setting in which the natural resources are being exploited. The purpose is to suggest solutions based on the need to attain coherence between the external institutional structure and the behaviour of local players. In others words, the challenge is to establish the conditions necessary for an induced – rather than imposed – institutional change. A property rights structure of a resource must consequently be analysed from two perspectives. The first, and more traditional one, sees property rights as an efficient institutional structure of production enabling a reduction in transaction costs. The second proposes to evaluate any given property rights structure from the standpoint of its ability to offer a solution to the issue of an effective link between the legal framework and the behaviour of the players. Our analysis will make use of our knowledge of the forest of Tiogo in Burkina Faso based on a survey organised in 12 riverside villages, and using a sample of 300 households. The case of the Tiogo Forest suggests that institutional change needs to follow an incremental and path-dependent process within which the state is invited to play a major role together with the local communities. Indeed the institutional choices of the Tiogo Forest households indicate that they favour an inclusion of the local population in resource management and co-administration of forestry resources with the state. Such an institutional structure favours a negotiated rather than an imposed scheduling of measures, and seeks a minimum of consensus to ensure the adhesion of actors and users to the new institutional arrangements, whilst limiting the number of bad players

Savoirs traditionnels et gestion de l’environnement en Haïti : pour une approche intégrée

Sustainability is generally defined through economic, social and ecological aspects. But its implementation also requires to take other aspects into account such as culture and tradition. This is especially important in developing countries where the relationship between culture and natural resource management is very narrow.In this paper, we show the need to integrate and reconcile cultural and traditional practices in environmental management. They may encourage practices that promote sustainable development. In order to reach our goal, we will base ourselves from the example of developing countries, Haiti in particular.Le développement durable se définit généralement à travers des dimensions économiques, sociales et écologiques. Mais sa mise en œuvre implique la prise en compte d’autres dimensions comme la culture et la tradition. Cela est d’autant plus important dans les pays en développement où la relation entre la culture et la gestion des ressources naturelles est très étroite.Dans cet article, nous montrons la nécessité d’intégrer et de concilier les pratiques culturelles et traditionnelles dans la gestion de l’environnement. Celles-ci peuvent, en effet, inciter à des pratiques propices au développement durable. Pour ce faire nous, partons de l’exemple des pays en développement et d’Haïti en particulier

Contribution à l’amélioration de la gestion des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques ménagers au Cameroun : cas de la ville de Douala

The rapid evolution of technology in recent years has undoubtedly contributed to improving the living conditions of mankind. However, this has led many symmetrically ecological consequences, including the production and accumulation of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) dangerous to human health and the environment. In developing countries (DCs), these D3E only undergo a traditional and artisanal valuation due to insufficient financial, technical and logistical resources, exposing people to serious health consequences. Douala is no exception to this rule, where the present study whose general objective is to contribute to improving the management of D3E in Cameroon, particularly in the city of Douala. To do this, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 400 households installed in Douala selected by stratified random sampling. Data analysis revealed an annual output of D3E 37.4 kg / household / year for a total of 16 765.6 tons / year. Regarding management, 76 % of respondents said that they eliminate their D3E mixed with other household waste, although 77 % of them claim to be informed of the consequences of this waste. We can then conclude that the current management of D3E in the city of Douala is unsatisfactory from an ecological point of view and requires improvement in order to protect people and the environment from harmful substances contained in the waste.L’évolution rapide de la technologie au cours des dernières années a indéniablement contribué à l’amélioration des conditions de vie de l’humanité. Cependant, cette évolution a symétriquement entrainé de nombreuses conséquences écologiques, notamment la production et l’accumulation des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (D3E) dangereux pour la santé humaine et l’environnement. Dans les pays en développement (PED), ces D3E ne subissent qu’une valorisation traditionnelle et artisanale à cause de l’insuffisance des ressources financières, techniques et logistiques, exposant ainsi les populations à de graves conséquences sanitaires. La ville de Douala n’échappe pas à cette règle d’où la présente étude dont l’objectif général est de contribuer à l’amélioration de la gestion des D3E au Cameroun, plus particulièrement dans la ville de Douala.Pour ce faire, une enquête par questionnaire a été menée auprès de 400 ménages installés à Douala choisis par échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié. L’analyse des données révèle une production annuelle des D3E de 37,4 kg/ménage/an, soit un total de 16 765,6 tonnes/an. S’agissant de la gestion, 76 % des répondants ont déclaré qu’ils éliminent leurs D3E mélangés à d’autres ordures ménagères, bien que 77 % d’entre eux affirment être informés des conséquences liées à ces déchets. On peut alors conclure que la gestion actuelle des D3E dans la ville de Douala n’est pas satisfaisante d’un point de vue écologique et nécessite donc une amélioration afin de protéger les populations et l’environnement des substances nocives contenues dans ces déchets

From Participatory Design to Local Appropriation : A Case Study of Waste management in Ouagadougou

International audienc