Ratlarda Akrilamid Kullanımının Antioksidan ve Oksidan Değerleri Üzerine Etkisi

WOS:000321751900009Bu çalışmada, uzun süre akrilamid verilen sıçanlar üzerinde total antioksidan durum (TAS), total oksidan durum (TOS) ve iskemi modifiye albuminin (IMA) serum düzeylerinin nasıl değiştiğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 65-75 g ağırlığında ve yaşları 3-4 haftalık 25 erkek ve 25 dişi Wistar cinsi sıçanlar kullanılmıştır. Hayvanlar 90 gün boyunca standart sıçan yemi ile beslenmişlerdir. Bununla beraber, günlük tüketecekleri içme suyuna 2 mg/kg/gün ve 5 mg/kg/gün dozunda akrilamid ilave edilmiştir. Akrilamid uygulaması sonrası hayvanlar anestezi altında servikal dislokasyonla öldürülmüş ve serumlarında IMA, TAS, TOS ve albumin düzeyleri spektrofotometrik yöntem ile ölçülmüştür. 2 mg/kg ve 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen erkek sıçanlara ait serum IMA düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen erkek sıçanlara ait serum TAS düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre önemli derecede düşük ve serum TOS değerleri önemli derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. 2 mg/kg ve 5mg/kg akrilamid verilen dişi sıçanlara ve kontrol grubuna ait serum IMA, TAS, TOS ve albumin düzeyleri arasında istatistiki açıdan önemli bir fark bulunamamıştır. Bu sonuçlara bağlı olarak bulgularımız, akrilamidin oksidatif stresi artırdığını göstermektedir.The aim of this study was to investigate serum total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in long term acrylamide (ACR) given rats, compared to control rats. In total, 25 male and 25 female Wistar rats were involved in this experiment. Animals in each sex were segregated into three groups. Two of them were treatment groups and one of them was control group. Each treatment group consisted of ten animals and each control group consisted of five animals. ACR was administered to the treatment groups at 2 and 5 mg/kg/day via drinking water for 90 days. In the end of the experiment, serum samples were analyzed for IMA, TAS, TOS and albumin levels with the spectrophotometric method. Serum IMA and adjusted IMA levels were significantly higher at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg in the male rats when compared with those of the control male rats. Serum TAS levels significantly decreased at concentrations of 5 mg/kg in the male rats when compared with those of the control rats. We also observed a significant increase in the levels of serum TOS at concentrations of 5 mg/kg in the male rats. There were no significant differences between serum IMA, TAS, TOS and albumin levels at concentrations of 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg in the female rats. Our findings show that long term treatment with 2 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg doses of ACR led to a significant depletion of serum TAS levels and overproduction of serum TOS and IMA levels, consequently, to an increase in oxidative stress

M4B: A novel method for designing and ordering of the genetic devices

In synthetic biology, designing a new genetic construct demands in-detail studies of its candidate components individually and in a composition with each other. These costly wet lab experiments require considerable amount of time and usually result in undesired output. In this paper, we propose a method for the extraction of existing or novel synthetic devices from the available biological parts or devices from iGEMs BioParts Registry and ordered the resulting devices based on their computed reliabilities. This method is very efficient and it helps the wetlab biologists in designing their genetic devices based on the given input and output in a reasonable amount of time. This method is implemented in "Mining for BioBricks" (M4B), a web-based application that facilitates the prediction of novel genetically made devices based on the given input and output. © 2012 IEEE

Comparison of different water/oil microemulsions containing diclofenac sodium: Preparation, characterization, release rate, and skin irritation studies

The aim of the present study was to make a comparison of the in vitro release rate of diclofenac sodium (DS) from microemulsion (M) vehicles containing soybean oil, nonionic surfactants (Brij 58 and Span 80), and different alcohols (ethanol [E], isopropyl alcohol [I], and propanol [P]) as cosurfactant. The optimum surfactant:cosurfactant (S:CoS) weight ratios and microemulsion areas were detected by the aid of phase diagrams. Three microemulsion formulations were selected, and their physicochemical properties were examined for the pH, viscosity, and conductivity. According to the release rate of DS, M prepared with P showed the significantly highest flux value (0.059±0.018 mg/cm2/h) among all formulations (P<.05). The conductivity results showed that DS-loaded microemulsions have higher conductivity values (18.8–20.2 microsiemens/cm) than unloaded formulations (16.9–17.9 microsiemens/cm), and loading DS into the formulation had no negative effect on system stability. Moreover, viscosity measurements were examined as a function of shear rate, and Newtonian fluid characterization was observed for each microemulsion system. All formulations had appropriate observed pH values varying from 6.70 to 6.85 for topical application. A skin irritation study was performed with microemulsions on human volunteers, and no visible reaction was observed with any of the formulations. In conclusion, M prepared with P may be a more appropriate formulation than the other 2 formulations studied as drug carrier for topical application