The national parks portfolio

Gerald W. Williams Collectio

N-Glycosylation of Carnosinase Influences Protein Secretion and Enzyme Activity: Implications for Hyperglycemia

OBJECTIVE-The (CTG)(n) polymorphism in the serum carnosinase (CN-1) gene affects CN-1 secretion Since CN-1 is heavily glycosylated and glycosylation might influence protein secretion as well, we tested the role of N-glycosylation for CN-1 secretion and enzyme activity. We also tested whether CN-1 secretion is changed under hyperglycemic conditions. RESULTS-N-glycosylation of CN-1 was either inhibited by tunicamycin in pCSII-CN-1-transfected Cos-7 cells or by stepwise deletion of its three putative N-glycosylation sites. CN-1 protein expression, N-glycosylation, and enzyme activity were assessed in cell extracts and supernatants. The influence of hyperglycemia on CN-1 enzyme activity in human serum was tested in homozygous (CTG)(5) diabetic patients and healthy control subjects Tunicamycin completely inhibited CN-1 secretion Deletion of all N-glycosylation sites was required to reduce CN-1 secretion efficiency. Enzyme activity was already diminished when two sites were deleted. In pCSII-CN-1-transfected Cos-7 cells cultured in medium containing 25 mmol/l D-glucose, the immature 61 kilodaltons (kDa) CN-1 immune reactive band was not detected. This was paralleled by an increased GlcNAc expression in cell lysates and CN-1 expression in the supernatants. Homozygous (CTG)(5) diabetic patients had significantly higher serum CN-1 activity compared with genotype-matched, healthy control subjects CONCLUSIONS-We conclude that apart from the (CTG)(n) polymorphism in the signal peptide of CN-1, N-glycosylation is essential for appropriate secretion and enzyme activity. Since hyperglycemia enhances CN-1 secretion and enzyme activity, our data suggest that poor blood glucose control in diabetic patients might result in an increased CN-1 secretion even in the presence of the (CTG)(5) allele Diabetes 59:1984-1990, 201

Serotonin and Dopamine Protect from Hypothermia/Rewarming Damage through the CBS/ H2S Pathway

Biogenic amines have been demonstrated to protect cells from apoptotic cell death. Herein we show for the first time that serotonin and dopamine increase H2S production by the endogenous enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and protect cells against hypothermia/rewarming induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and apoptosis. Treatment with both compounds doubled CBS expression through mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and increased H2S production in cultured rat smooth muscle cells. In addition, serotonin and dopamine treatment significantly reduced ROS formation. The beneficial effect of both compounds was minimized by inhibition of their re-uptake and by pharmacological inhibition of CBS or its down-regulation by siRNA. Exogenous administration of H2S and activation of CBS by Prydoxal 5′-phosphate also protected cells from hypothermic damage. Finally, serotonin and dopamine pretreatment of rat lung, kidney, liver and heart prior to 24 h of hypothermia at 3°C followed by 30 min of rewarming at 37°C upregulated the expression of CBS, strongly reduced caspase activity and maintained the physiological pH compared to untreated tissues. Thus, dopamine and serotonin protect cells against hypothermia/rewarming induced damage by increasing H2S production mediated through CBS. Our data identify a novel molecular link between biogenic amines and the H2S pathway, which may profoundly affect our understanding of the biological effects of monoamine neurotransmitters

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 35, No. 4

• America\u27s Pieced Patchwork Quilts • A Tribute to the Late Dr. Earl F. Robacker • Sundial Lore • Square Dancing, Jigging & Hoedowning at the Folk Festival • Bronze Working at the Festival • Calico Prints • The Country Kitchen • Our Farmers Market • Festival Focus • Festival Programs • The Pennsylvania Dutch Dialect and the One Room School • Early American Lighting • Primitive Pennsylvania Dutch Carving • Heartland Taverns of the Hinterland • Tinnery • The Ancient Craft of Flute Making • Mind Your Own Beeswaxhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1112/thumbnail.jp

Part I : the reaction of sodium azide with some epoxides: Part II : the attempted synthesis of 2-fluoro-1, 4-naphthoquinone

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Kansas, Chemistry, 1952

American Geographical Society of New York Records, 1723-2010, bulk 1854-2000

Correspondence between Isaiah Bowman and Robert Sterling Yard of the National Parks Association (NPA) regarding changing the name of the National Parks Committee to the "Council on National Parks, Forests, and Wild Life," and an exchange of letters about appointing Bowman to the governing council of the NPA

The book of the national parks /

Includes index.Mode of access: Internet