1,788 research outputs found
M.I.Tomorrow--visions for East Campus
Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning and Dept. of Architecture, 1987.Bibliography: leaves [104]-[105].by Woo-Hyun Yang.M.S
The Role of the Medial Habenula Cholinergic System in Addiction and Emotion-Associated Behaviors
The habenula is a complex nucleus composed of lateral and medial subnuclei, which connect between the limbic forebrain and midbrain. Over the past few years, the lateral habenula has received considerable attention because of its potential roles in cognition and in the pathogenesis of various psychiatric disorders. Unlike extensively studied lateral habenula, anatomically and histologically distinct medial habenula remains largely understudied. The medial habenula can be further subdivided into a dorsal region containing excitatory neurons that express the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P and a ventral region containing dense cholinergic neurons. Although the medial habenula is the source of one of the major cholinergic pathways in the brain, relatively few studies have been conducted to understand its roles. Recently, however, the medial habenula cholinergic system has attracted more attention because of its potential to provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of nicotine withdrawal symptoms, drug addiction, and various mood disorders. Here, we discuss the role of the medial habenula cholinergic system in brain function
Generalized Lymphangiomatosis: Radiologic Findings in Three Pediatric Patients
Generalized lymphangiomatosis is a rare disease that is characterized by widespread bony and soft tissue involvement of lymphangioma. Radiological evaluation is crucial because the site and extent of the lymphangioma are important prognostic factors. We reported here on three cases of generalized lymphangiomatosis and all three cases showed similar radiologic findings, but a different clinical course. The CT, US and MR images showed sharply defined, non-enhanced cystic lesions involving the mediastinum, bones, spleen, lung and lower neck. The whole body MR imaging with the short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequence showed good capability for evaluating the extent of disease
Phytohormone abscisic acid control RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 gene expression and post-transcriptional gene silencing in rice cells
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) catalyses dsRNA synthesis for post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)-associated amplification and the generation of endogeneous siRNAs involved in developmental determinations or stress responses. The functional importance of RDR6 in PTGS led us to examine its connection to the cellular regulatory network by analyzing the hormonal responses of RDR6 gene expression in a cultured cell system. Delivery of dsRNA, prepared in vitro, into cultured rice (Oryza sativa cv. Japonica Dongjin) cells successfully silenced the target isocitrate lyase (ICL) transcripts. Silencing was transient in the absence of abscisic acid (ABA), while it became persistent in the presence of ABA in growth medium. A transcription assay of the OsRDR6 promoter showed that it was positively regulated by ABA. OsRDR6-dependent siRNA(ICL) generation was also significantly up-regulated by ABA. The results showed that, among the five rice OsRDR isogenes, only OsRDR6 was responsible for the observed ABA-mediated amplification and silencing of ICL transcripts. We propose that ABA modulates PTGS through the transcriptional control of the OsRDR6 gene
āEvidence of an auxin signal pathway, microRNA167-ARF8-GH3, and its response to exogenous auxin in cultured rice cellsā
MicroRNA167 (miR167) was shown to cleave auxin responsive factor 8 (ARF8) mRNA in cultured rice cells. MiR167 level was found to be controlled by the presence of auxin in the growth medium. When cells grew in auxin-free medium, miR167 level decreased, resulting in an increase in the level of ARF8 mRNA. Cells growing in the normal growth medium containing auxin showed a reversed trend. It was also shown that expression of OsGH3-2, an rice IAA-conjugating enzyme, was positively regulated by ARF8. Delivery of synthesized miR167 into cells led to decrease of both ARF8 mRNA and OsGH3-2 mRNA. This study provides an evidence in which the exogeneous auxin signal is transduced to OsGH3-2 through miR167 and ARF8 in sequence. This proposed auxin signal transduction pathway, auxin-miR167-ARF8-OsGH3-2, could be, in conjunction with the other microRNA-mediated auxin signals, an important one for responding to exogeneous auxin and for determining the cellular free auxin level which guides appropriate auxin responses
Style Blind Domain Generalized Semantic Segmentation via Covariance Alignment and Semantic Consistence Contrastive Learning
Deep learning models for semantic segmentation often experience performance
degradation when deployed to unseen target domains unidentified during the
training phase. This is mainly due to variations in image texture (\ie style)
from different data sources. To tackle this challenge, existing domain
generalized semantic segmentation (DGSS) methods attempt to remove style
variations from the feature. However, these approaches struggle with the
entanglement of style and content, which may lead to the unintentional removal
of crucial content information, causing performance degradation. This study
addresses this limitation by proposing BlindNet, a novel DGSS approach that
blinds the style without external modules or datasets. The main idea behind our
proposed approach is to alleviate the effect of style in the encoder whilst
facilitating robust segmentation in the decoder. To achieve this, BlindNet
comprises two key components: covariance alignment and semantic consistency
contrastive learning. Specifically, the covariance alignment trains the encoder
to uniformly recognize various styles and preserve the content information of
the feature, rather than removing the style-sensitive factor. Meanwhile,
semantic consistency contrastive learning enables the decoder to construct
discriminative class embedding space and disentangles features that are
vulnerable to misclassification. Through extensive experiments, our approach
outperforms existing DGSS methods, exhibiting robustness and superior
performance for semantic segmentation on unseen target domains.Comment: CVPR 202
A Bayesian Committee Machine Potential for Organic Nitrogen Compounds
Large-scale computer simulations of chemical atoms are used in a wide range
of applications, including batteries, drugs, and more. However, there is a
problem with efficiency as it takes a long time due to the large amount of
calculation. To solve these problems, machine learning interatomic potential
(ML-IAP) technology is attracting attention as an alternative. ML-IAP not only
has high accuracy by faithfully expressing the density functional theory (DFT),
but also has the advantage of low computational cost. However, there is a
problem that the potential energy changes significantly depending on the
environment of each atom, and expansion to a wide range of compounds within a
single model is still difficult to build in the case of a kernel-based model.
To solve this problem, we would like to develop a universal ML-IAP using this
active Bayesian Committee Machine (BCM) potential methodology for
carbon-nitrogen-hydrogen (CNH) with various compositions. ML models are trained
and generated through first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics
simulations for molecules with only CNH. Using long amine structures to test an
ML model trained only with short chains, the results show excellent consistency
with DFT calculations. Consequently, machine learning-based models for organic
molecules not only demonstrate the ability to accurately describe various
physical properties but also hold promise for investigating a broad spectrum of
diverse materials systems
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