Data_Sheet_1_Metabolomics-based study of the effect of dietary N-carbamoylglutamic acid addition to heifers in late pregnancy on newborn calves.docx

It has been demonstrated that supplementing late-gestation cow diets with NCG (N-carbamoylglutamic acid) increases the serum protein level, boosts immunological function, and increases the birth weight of the calves. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this experiment, 30 late-gestation Angus heifers almost at same conditions were chosen for this experiment. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 cows each. A basal diet was provided to the control group, and 30 g/(d-head) of NCG was added to the basal diet of the test group (NCG group). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein after birth and before the end (when the calves were 90 days old) of the experiment for plasma metabolomics analysis. The metabolomics analysis identified 53 metabolites between the NCG group and control group, with 40 significantly up-regulated and 13 significantly down-regulated. Among them, 33 lipids and lipid-like molecules made up 57.89% of all the metabolites that were found. Thirty-three metabolic pathways enriched by metabolites showed p.adjust <0.05, among which glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways were the most abundant. In conclusion, the addition of NCG in late-gestation cows appears to primarily affect calf growth and development through the regulation of phospholipid metabolism, which plays a role in nerve conduction, brain activity, and cell metabolism and function. This study provides valuable insights into how nutritional supplementation by late-gestation cows might improve the growth and development of newborn calves.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Sensitive, Selective, and Fast Detection of ppb-Level H2S Gas Boosted by ZnO-CuO Mesocrystal

XRD patterns of the products obtained from zinc nitrate and copper nitrate as the mixed precursor by annealing at 200 and 250 °C. Figure S2. Dynamic response curves of the ZnO-CuO mesocrystal-based sensor responding to 1000 ppm NO2, H2, CO2, CO, acetone and NH3 at 125 °C. Figure S3. The responses of the ZnO-CuO mesocrystal based sensor upon exposure to air with different relative humidity relative to air with RH of 20 % at 125 °C. (DOCX 198 kb

Table_1_The distribution characteristics of aerosol bacteria in different types of sheepfolds.XLSX

With the development of modern sheep raising technology, the increasing density of animals in sheep house leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in sheep house. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in sheep house to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in sheep house. In this study, the microorganisms present in the air of sheep houses were investigated to gain insights into the structure of bacterial communities and the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria. Samples from six sheep pens in each of three sheep farms, totaling 18, were collected in August 2022 from Ningxia province, China. A high-volume air sampler was utilized for aerosol collection within the sheep housing followed by DNA extraction for 16S rRNA sequencing. Employing high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology, we conducted an in-depth analysis of microbial populations in various sheep pen air samples, enabling us to assess the community composition and diversity. The results revealed a total of 11,207 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the bacterial population across the air samples, encompassing 152 phyla, 298 classes, 517 orders, 853 families, 910 genera, and 482 species. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis indicated that differences in species diversity, evenness and coverage between different samples. At the bacterial phylum level, the dominant bacterial groups are Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, among which Firmicutes (97.90–98.43%) is the highest. At the bacterial genus level, bacillus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, etc. had higher abundance, with Bacillus (85.47–89.87%) being the highest. Through an in-depth analysis of microbial diversity and a meticulous examination of pathogenic bacteria with high abundance in diverse sheep house air samples, the study provided valuable insights into the microbial diversity, abundance, and distinctive features of prevalent pathogenic bacteria in sheep house air. These findings serve as a foundation for guiding effective disease prevention and control strategies within sheep farming environments.</p

GluK2-trans

The subdirectory /MD includes five free MD simulation trajectories of GluK2-trans complex described in the manuscript. The subdirectory /isomerization includes five forced switching simulation trajectories from trans-gluazo to cis-gluazo. The subdirectory /umbrella-clamshell includes the files needed to reproduce the umbrella sampling simulation results of LBD clamshell motions of GluK2-trans complex. This data file could be used to reproduce all the results of GluK2-trans complex presented in the manuscript

GluK2-cis

The subdirectory /MD includes five free MD simulation trajectories of GluK2-cis complex described in the manuscript. The subdirectory /isomerization includes five forced switching simulation trajectories from cis-gluazo to trans-gluazo. The subdirectory /umbrella-clamshell includes the files needed to reproduce the umbrella sampling simulation results of LBD clamshell motions of GluK2-cis complex. This data file could be used to reproduce all the results of GluK2-cis complex presented in the manuscript

Image_1_The distribution characteristics of aerosol bacteria in different types of sheepfolds.JPEG

With the development of modern sheep raising technology, the increasing density of animals in sheep house leads to the accumulation of microbial aerosols in sheep house. It is an important prerequisite to grasp the characteristics of bacteria in aerosols in sheep house to solve the problems of air pollution and disease prevention and control in sheep house. In this study, the microorganisms present in the air of sheep houses were investigated to gain insights into the structure of bacterial communities and the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria. Samples from six sheep pens in each of three sheep farms, totaling 18, were collected in August 2022 from Ningxia province, China. A high-volume air sampler was utilized for aerosol collection within the sheep housing followed by DNA extraction for 16S rRNA sequencing. Employing high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology, we conducted an in-depth analysis of microbial populations in various sheep pen air samples, enabling us to assess the community composition and diversity. The results revealed a total of 11,207 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the bacterial population across the air samples, encompassing 152 phyla, 298 classes, 517 orders, 853 families, 910 genera, and 482 species. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis indicated that differences in species diversity, evenness and coverage between different samples. At the bacterial phylum level, the dominant bacterial groups are Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, among which Firmicutes (97.90–98.43%) is the highest. At the bacterial genus level, bacillus, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, etc. had higher abundance, with Bacillus (85.47–89.87%) being the highest. Through an in-depth analysis of microbial diversity and a meticulous examination of pathogenic bacteria with high abundance in diverse sheep house air samples, the study provided valuable insights into the microbial diversity, abundance, and distinctive features of prevalent pathogenic bacteria in sheep house air. These findings serve as a foundation for guiding effective disease prevention and control strategies within sheep farming environments.</p

GluK2-glutamate

The subdirectory /MD includes five free MD simulation trajectories of GluK2-glutamate complex, which are used as references in the manuscript

The occurrence of the E440–N721 hydrogen bond in the five independent simulations of 500 ns for each of the complexes GluK2-<i>trans</i>, GluK2-<i>cis</i> and GluK2-<i>glutamate</i>, expressed as the percentage of the total simulation time.

<p>The occurrence of the E440–N721 hydrogen bond in the five independent simulations of 500 ns for each of the complexes GluK2-<i>trans</i>, GluK2-<i>cis</i> and GluK2-<i>glutamate</i>, expressed as the percentage of the total simulation time.</p

RMSD of the backbone atoms of the receptor with respect to the starting structure in the course of MD simulations.

<p>Left: GluK2-<i>trans</i> complex; right: GluK2-<i>cis</i> complex. Data obtained from five independent simulations of 500 ns each, for each of the complexes. The black, red, green, blue, orange curves correspond to the simulations #1, #2, #3, #4, #5, respectively.</p

Gas Adsorption Thermodynamics Deduced from the Electrical Responses in Gas-Gated Field-Effect Nanosensors

Understanding the underlying physical chemistry governing the nanomaterial-based electrical gas sensing process is pivotal for the rational design of high-performance gas sensors. Herein, using a remarkable ppb-level NO₂-gated field-effect nanosensor that is based on a reduced graphene oxide rGO/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunction, as an exploratory platform, we have established a generic physical chemistry model to quantitatively gain insight into the correlation between the measured source-drain (S-D) current and the gas sorption thermodynamics in this NO₂ nanosensor. Based on thin-film field-effect transistor theory, the measured S-D current leads to the solution to the gas-induced gate voltage, which further solves the surface charge density using the Graham surface potential vs surface charge density function. Consequently, based on the Van’t Hoff equation, key thermodynamic information can be obtained from this model including adsorption equilibrium constants and adsorption enthalpy of NO₂ on TiO₂ nanoparticles. The acquisition of gas adsorption enthalpy provides a generic and nonspecific method to identify the nature of the adsorbed molecules