Food security problems and imperatives of the North Caucasus macro-region subjects

This article concerns the analysis of food security in the North Caucasian macro-region. Any State is faced the challenge to provide safe food of domestic production to its population. This task is particularly relevant due to the emergence of a series of challenges and threats for country food sovereignty and its solution is impossible without active state support. The subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District have been selected as objects for this research. To identify the problems in country food security, the authors analyzed the global rating «The Global Food Security Index" of the world's states. The authors also studied the internal and the external, economic and political objective and subjective factors and the potential for food security of macro-region. The authors analyzed the dynamics of development of the main types of agricultural production, the self-reliance level and production of basic foods, norms and actual food consumption. The authors show that with current sanctions and Russian anti-sanctions, there is a possibility of significant increase in agricultural production. The article draws conclusions on the significant differentiation of population per capita incomes by regions of the country and consumption of staple food. This study made it possible to identify the main problems and their impact on current Agro-Food market of the Russian Federation. The study recommends measures to strengthen food security by operational regional monitoring and by defining the evaluation indicators system of the level of food security comparable to systems at the international level.peer-reviewe

Gender-Specific Renal Function and Urinary Syndrome in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis of Alcoholic Etiology: Observational Study

Background. Gender has now been proven to have a significant impact on the development, course and outcome of a large number of diseases, including alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol consumption is one of the leading risk factors for various diseases. Alcohol-related diseases cause 10% of all deaths worldwide among young and middle-aged people. The occurrence of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis of the liver is an integral part of the natural course of the disease. At the moment, the diagnosis of gender-specific renal dysfunction that occurs against the background of liver cirrhosis is essential for the development of effective treatment strategies and the improvement of survival.Objectives. The study is aimed at identifying the features of the gender-specific renal function and urinary syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis of alcoholic etiology and assessing the comprehensive prognostic significance of the indicators of common urine analysis in the diagnosis of renal dysfunction.Methods. An observational study was carried out using data from medical records of 158 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (95 men and 63 women), aged 36 to 72 years, who were inpatients between February 2016 and March 2020. Physical examination and laboratory diagnostic data were taken into account. Binary predictors of renal dysfunction progression in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were determined based on the analysis of descriptive statistics. Statistical data processing was performed using computer program Statistica 10 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) and standard Microsoft Excel software package (Microsoft Office 2016). Non-parametric statistical methods were used to describe the results. Quantitative results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test; comparison of two samples by a qualitatively defined feature was performed by means of the Fisher angular transformation method. Differences were considered significant at p ˂ 0.05. A multilayer neural network function from the Statistica 10 Neural Networks software was used to construct a classification scheme for renal dysfunction (yes/no). Neural network performance was assessed using descriptive and inductive statistics, calculating sensitivity, specificity, performing ROC analysis and constructing cumulative gains charts.Results. A renal function test revealed a significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.029) and a significant increase in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (p < 0.0001) in women with alcoholic liver cirrhosis as compared with men. Women are also reported to have a high incidence of proteinuria, leukocyturia and bacteriuria. According to ROC-analysis, the urinalysis indicators have a high prognostic significance in identifying renal dysfunction in men and women with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AUROC = 0.902 and sensitivity 81.82%, AUROC = 0.881 and sensitivity 75.00%, respectively).Conclusion. Renal dysfunction develops earlier and occurs twice as often in women with alcoholic cirrhosis than in men of the same age. The application of a neural network mechanism to predict renal dysfunction in men and women with alcoholic liver cirrhosis according to the indicators of urinalysis provides a high prognostic ability

Addictive behavior: main characteristics and forms of manifestation in difficult situations

The object of this work is addictive behavior in a difficult life situation. The subject of the study is the Relationship of a difficult life situation (material difficulty) on the severity and properties of addictive behavior. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography (83 sources) and an Appendix including forms of applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis 85 pages, which contains 9 figures and 15 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, identifies the object and subject of research, formulates hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as the conclusions of the proposed hypotheses, substantiates the practical significance of the research and describes the possible prospects for the further development of this problem.Объектом данной работы является аддиктивное поведение в условиях трудной жизненной ситуации. Предмет исследования – связь трудной жизненной ситуации (материальное затруднение) на выраженность и свойства аддиктивного поведения. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (83 источника) и приложений. Объем магистерской диссертации 85 страниц, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 15 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики

LAMINA CRIBROSA IN GLAUCOMA: BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND POSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CLINICAL CONTROL

The literary review presents an analysis of modern views of the biomechanical properties of lamina cribrosa (LC) in glaucoma. It is shown that LC deformations in glaucomatous eyes are connected with their morphological and structural disorders at macro- and micro levels even in the early stages of glaucoma development. New visualization technologies of ocular structures, in particular, optical coherent tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) enable in vivo evaluation of biomechanical characteristics of LC and its stress-strain from the data on the changing shape of its anterior surface (curvature index), thickness and deepness, pore dimensions, presence and severity of LC tissue defects. LC changes inherent to glaucoma are significant criteria for the estimation of the risk of glaucoma emergence and its early diagnostics, determination of the stage of the pathological process, and prediction of its progression rate. For citation: Kiseleva O.A., Iomdina E.N., Yakubova L.V., Khoziev D.D. Lamina cribrosa in glaucoma: biomechanical properties and possibilities of their clinical control. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2018; 11 (3):76-83 (In Russian). doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2018-11-3-76-8