Anomalous probability of large amplitudes in wave turbulence

Time evolution equation for the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) is derived for system of weakly interacting waves. It is shown that a steady state for such system may correspond to strong intermittency

Joint statistics of amplitudes and phases in Wave Turbulence

Random Phase Approximation (RPA) provides a very convenient tool to study the ensembles of weakly interacting waves, commonly called Wave Turbulence. In its traditional formulation, RPA assumes that phases of interacting waves are random quantities but it usually ignores randomness of their amplitudes. Recently, RPA was generalised in a way that takes into account the amplitude randomness and it was applied to study of the higher momenta and probability densities of wave amplitudes. However, to have a meaningful description of wave turbulence the RPA properties assumed for the initial fields must be proven to survive over the nonlinear evolution time, and such a proof is the main goal of the present paper. We derive an evolution equation for the full probability density function which contains the complete information about the joint statistics of all wave amplitudes and phases. We show that, for any initial statistics of the amplitudes, the phase factors remain statistically independent uniformly distributed variables. If in addition the initial amplitudes are also independent variables (but with arbitrary distributions) they will remain independent when considered in small sets which are much less than the total number of modes. However, if the size of a set is of order of the total number of modes then the joint probability density for this set is not factorisable into the product of one-mode probabilities. In the other words, the modes in such a set are involved in a ``collective'' (correlated) motion. We also study new type of correlators describing the phase statistics.Comment: 27 pages, uses feynmf packag

Changes in Precipitate Fraction and Grain Growth Activity Energy According to Mo Content in CoCrFeNiMo Medium-Entropy Alloy

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CoCrFeMnNi 고엔트로피 합금과 FCC 단상을 갖는 steel계 합금의 신장플렌지성 비교

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A multifunctional electronic suture for continuous strain monitoring and on-demand drug release

Surgical sutures are widely used for closing wounds in skin. However, the monitoring of wound integrity and promoting tissue regeneration at the same time still remains a challenge. To address this, we developed a drug-releasing electronic suture system (DRESS) to monitor the suture integrity in real-time and enhance tissue regeneration by triggered drug release. DRESS was fabricated by using a single fiber with a core-shell structure consisting of a stretchable conductive fiber core and a thermoresponsive polymer shell containing drugs. The highly conductive fiber core acts as a strain sensor that enables continuous monitoring of suture strain with high sensitivity (a gauge factor of similar to 686) and mechanical durability (being able to endure more than 3000 stretching cycles). The thermoresponsive shell layer composed of flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) grafted onto poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) facilitates on-demand drug release via Joule heating. The results of an in vitro scratch assay showed a 66% decrease in wound area upon heat-activation after 48 hours demonstrating the stimuli-responsive therapeutic efficacy of DRESS by promoting cell migration. Moreover, ex vivo testing on porcine skin demonstrated the applicability of DRESS as a electronic suture. The approach used for DRESS provides insight into multifunctional sutures and offers additional therapeutic and diagnostic options for clinical applications.FALS

Postoperative Long-Term Monitoring of Mechanical Characteristics in Reconstructed Soft Tissues Using Biocompatible, Immune-Tolerant, and Wireless Electronic Sutures

Accurate postoperative assessment of varying mechanical properties is crucial for customizing patient-specific treatments and optimizing rehabilitation strategies following Achilles tendon (AT) rupture and reconstruction surgery. This study introduces a wireless, chip-less, and immune-tolerant in vivo strain-sensing suture designed to continuously monitor mechanical stiffness variations in the reconstructed AT throughout the healing process. This innovative sensing suture integrates a standard medical suturing thread with a wireless fiber strain-sensing system, which incorporates a fiber strain sensor and a double-layered inductive coil for wireless readout. The winding design of Au nanoparticle-based fiber electrodes and a hollow core contribute to the fiber strain sensor’s high sensitivity (factor of 6.2 and 15.1 pF for revised sensitivity), negligible hysteresis, and durability over 10,000 stretching cycles. To ensure biocompatibility and immune tolerance during extended in vivo periods, an antibiofouling lubricant layer was applied to the sensing suture. Using this sensing system, we successfully monitored the strain responses of the reconstructed AT in an in vivo porcine model. This facilitated the postoperative assessment of mechanical stiffness variations through a well-established analytical model during the healing period

Postoperative Long-Term Monitoring of Mechanical Characteristics in Reconstructed Soft Tissues Using Biocompatible, Immune-Tolerant, and Wireless Electronic Sutures

Accurate postoperative assessment of varying mechanical properties is crucial for customizing patient-specific treatments and optimizing rehabilitation strategies following Achilles tendon (AT) rupture and reconstruction surgery. This study introduces a wireless, chip-less, and immune-tolerant in vivo strain-sensing suture designed to continuously monitor mechanical stiffness variations in the reconstructed AT throughout the healing process. This innovative sensing suture integrates a standard medical suturing thread with a wireless fiber strain-sensing system, which incorporates a fiber strain sensor and a double-layered inductive coil for wireless readout. The winding design of Au nanoparticle-based fiber electrodes and a hollow core contribute to the fiber strain sensor’s high sensitivity (factor of 6.2 and 15.1 pF for revised sensitivity), negligible hysteresis, and durability over 10,000 stretching cycles. To ensure biocompatibility and immune tolerance during extended in vivo periods, an antibiofouling lubricant layer was applied to the sensing suture. Using this sensing system, we successfully monitored the strain responses of the reconstructed AT in an in vivo porcine model. This facilitated the postoperative assessment of mechanical stiffness variations through a well-established analytical model during the healing period