ANTI-CHOLOSETEROL ACTIVITIES OF WHITE (RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM) AND RED (RAPHANUS SATIVUS) RADISH ROOTS

Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the in vitro activities of white (Raphanus raphanistrum) and red (Raphanus sativus) radish root ethanol extract in decreasing cholesterol levels. Methods: Ultrasonification method was used in obtaining 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish root. The cholesterol levels were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, which was validated using Lieberman-Buchard reagents. The decreased cholesterol levels were converted into IC50 values. Results: The results showed that the IC50 of 96% white and red radish root ethanol extracts were 743.7 and 634.7 µg/ml, respectively. The results of statistical analysis using the T-test obtained a significant value greater than the probability value (P) of 0.05. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the activities of 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish roots did not have a significant ability to reduce the in vitro cholesterol levels

IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF 96% ETHANOL EXTRACT FROM MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AGAINST MRSA (METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS)

Objective: Infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms, requiring the selection of the right drug to fight these organisms. Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves as natural ingredients have MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to identify the chemical compounds and to determine the antibacterial activity from the 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves against MRSA bacteria. Methods: The Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves were extracted by maceration using 96% (v/v) ethanol. Mass spectrometry was performed on an LC-MS/MS Xevo, G2-XS QTof (Waters MS Technologies) to identified chemical compounds from the extract. The ionization type is ESI. The method of the antibacterial activity test was using agar paper disc diffusion. Antibacterial activity was based on the diameter of the bacterial inhibition zone. Results: The result of the antibacterial activity test for 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves a concentration of 10, 20, and 40 % each has inhibition diameter was 10, 13, and 15.5 mm, and for linezolid as a positive control at 30µg has diameter inhibition was 20 mm, ethanol 96% as a negative control was 0 mm. The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves contains 13-hydroxy-9,11-hexadecadienoic acid, 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, bistortaside, daturametelin H, digiprolactone, ephedradine C, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside,kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-7-O-α-L rhamnoside, phenyl propionic acid, pyrophaeophorbide A, quercetin, stearidonic acid, stigmastan-3,6-dione. Conclusion: The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves contains 14 compounds. The 96% ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves have activity against MRSA bacteria. The antibacterial effect of the extract increased with an increase in its concentration. The extract exerted a greater antibacterial effect on the concentration 40%

Pengembangan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi yang Sederhana untuk Analisis Kurkumin dalam Plasma Manusia In-Vitro

Curcumin has antioxidant, antiinfl ammatory, antitumor, apoptotic-inducing, andantiangiogenesis eff ects. In order to study the pharmacokinetics of curcumin, a method for analysisof curcumin in plasma levels is required. The aim of this study was developing of a simple HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for analysis curcumin in human plasma in-vitro. TheHPLC system was using isocratic technique in column reversed phase of C18 (Reliant® RP-18ecolumn (4.6x250 mm; 5 μm)) and mobile phase of acetonitrile–acetic acid–aquabidest (60:1:39) at fl owrate of 1.0 mL/min. Irbesartan was used as an internal standard. Detector was performed at a wavelengthof 428 nm for curcumin and 270 nm for irbesartan. Linearity test shown linear results with a correlationcoeffi cient (r) of 0.9970. LLOQ value was 0.0196 μg/mL with a diff erentiation value of 10.48-18.09%.The accuracy and precision of this method met requirement with a diff erentiation value and relativestandard deviation of between -5.51-3.04 % and 1.04-1.86 %, respectively. Recovery of this method was94.74-103.12%. This method provides good selectivity for the analysis curcurmin in human plasma.The developed of HPLC was a simple and valid method for analysis curcumin in human plasma.Kurkumin memiliki efek antioksidan, antiinfl amasi, antitumor, meningkatkan apoptosis,dan antiangiogenesis. Untuk mempelajari farmakokinetika kurkumin, diperlukan metode analisiskadar kurkumin dalam plasma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan Kromatografi CairKinerja Tinggi (KCKT) yang sederhana untuk analisis kurkumin dalam plasma manusia secara invitro.Sistem KCKT menggunakan teknik isokratik pada fase terbalik kolom C18 (kolom Reliant® RP-18e (4,6x250mm; 5 μm)) dan fase gerak asetonitril-asam asetat-akuabides (60:1:39) pada laju alir 1,0mL/menit. Irbesartan digunakan sebagai standar internal. Detektor dilakukan pada panjang gelombang428 nm untuk kurkumin dan 270 nm untuk irbesartan. Uji linearitas menunjukkan hasil linear dengankoefi sien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,9970. Nilai LLOQ adalah 0,0196 μg/mL dengan nilai diferensiasi10,48-18,09%. Akurasi dan presisi metode ini memenuhi persyaratan dengan nilai diferensiasi danstandar deviasi relatif masing-masing antara -5,51-3,04% dan 1,04-1,86%. Recovery metode ini adalah94,74-103,12%. Metode ini memberikan selektivitas yang baik untuk analisis kurkumin dalam plasmamanusia. Metode KCKT yang dikembangkan sederhana dan valid untuk analisis kurkumin dalamplasma manusia

In silico SCREENING OF Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. AND Strychnos ligustrine COMPOUNDS AS A PROTEASE INHIBITOR OF SARS-COV-2

Diseases caused by the coronavirus have become an important concern in early 2020. The coronavirus is a new type of virus that is included in the SARS-CoV-2 group. One of the possible mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 inhibition involves protease receptors inhibition. This research was aimed to in silico screening of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf., and Strychnos ligustrine active ingredients as the main protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 by assessing the ligand-binding affinity in the binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 main protease protein. The molecular docking method is generally used to predict the inhibitory site and bonds formation. In the current study, some generally used antiviral compounds from the PDB (Protein Data Bank) were also used to compare the affinity strength of the test compound against the protease receptor (code of 5R7Y). The inhibitory activity against the main protease receptor proven by the ChemPLP score is more negative than the receptor’s native ligand and the comparison compounds. Jubanine B, a compound of Z. spina-christi has the most robust inhibition activity on the SARS-CoV-2 protease receptor. Results of this study can be concluded that this can be used to develop as a candidate for traditional medicine against SARS-CoV-2 but still it required some more in vitro and in vivo studies

PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN POSDAYA MASYARAKAT JAKARTA SELATAN MELALUI PEMBUATAN HAND SANITIZER DARI ECO-ENZYME

Hand sanitizer di saat pandemik ini menjadi primadona sehingga bahan-bahannya menjadi langka dan harganya melonjak berlipat-lipat, hal ini menyebabkan masyarakat melakukan pembuatan hand sanitizer sendiri, namun seringkali masayarakat menggunakan bahan-bahan yang berdampak buruk pada Kesehatan. Enzim dari “sampah” ini adalah salah satu cara manajemen sampah yang memanfaatkan sisa-sisa dapur untuk sesuatu yang sangat bermanfaat, dengan demikian sangat logis bila eco-enzyme ini disebut dengan istilah “cairan ajaib”. .Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) dengan program kemitraan masyarakat ini berupa kegiatan dalam bentuk edukasi, pelatihan, dan pendampingan pengolahan sampah organik menjadi cairan eco-enzyme sebagai bahan hand sanitizer pada POSDAYA SOKA yang beralamat Jalan Bungur 2 Kp. Duku., RT. 02/12 Kelurahan Kebayoran Lama Selatan, Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama Jakarta Selatan. Hasil kegiatan, anggota POSDAYA SOKA dapat mengelola dan memanfaatkan sampah organik menjadi cairan eco-enzyme untuk bahan hand sanitizer, sehingga terjadi peningkatan kemandirian kesehatan anggota POSDAYA melalui penggunaan hand sanitizer hasil swadaya masyaraka

PEMBINAAN SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN MINHAJUSSHOBIRIN UNTUK PENERAPAN CARA PRODUKSI PANGAN OLAHAN YANG BAIK PADA PRODUKSI MINUMAN BELIMBING WULUH RENDAH KALORI

Abstract The students at the Minhajusshobirin Islamic Boarding School have produced a wuluh start fruit drink. Their drink has a high sugar content, so it cannot be consumed by diabetics. In addition, the product has not been certified, so it cannot be marketed widely. The purpose of this Community Service Program is to provide training for students to 1) Improve the skills of the students in good processed food production methods (good manufacturing practices/GMP), especially in producing wuluh star fruit drinks, 2) Increase the competitiveness of wuluh star fruit drink products by using sweeteners, low calories using stevia, and 3) Product stability test facilitation. The methods used in this activity included: licensing, surveys, counselling, training, laboratory testing, coaching, monitoring-evaluation, and publication of activity results. Measuring tools to assess the increase in knowledge and skills of students in the application of GMP in making low-calorie drinks are through questionnaires and direct surveys, as well as through product stability tests according to SNI 3719: 2014 standards in the QLab laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila.  Training and supervision on GMP for processed food on sanitation and hygiene parameters have been given by a team of lecturers from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila. The quality assessment of the low-calorie drinks produced can be seen from the increase in product stability time of the test results in the laboratory. The pre-test and post-test results showed an increase in student understanding by 18.24%, which can be concluded that the training was effective. This activity is expected to be useful as an entrepreneurial provision for students when they serve in the community.  Keywords: Universitas Pancasila, GMP, wuluh starfrui

PEMBUATAN SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN MENUJU SANTRI YANG MEMILIKI JIWA KEWIRAUSAHAAN

Community service on counseling and assistance in making solid soap has been carried out at the Al-Amien Islamic Boarding School, Tangerang. This activity was attended by students and junior high school students, senior high school students and the general public. Participants were given knowledge and training regarding the process of preparing, manufacturing, storing and marketing transparent solid soap digital products from palm kernel oil. The quality of the transparent solid soap produced will be tested and compared with the transparent solid soap on the market. This activity is expected to increase the entrepreneurial spirit of the santri so that it can be an opportunity to start a business and meet the soap needs in Islamic boarding schools. This activity is carried out online and offline in the form of workshops with counseling/lectures and practices. This activity needs to be monitored, mentoring and mentoring for future businesses. The resulting transparent solid soap has a pH of 8.43-8.45, a hardness of 34.3-34.4 10-1mm, water content 21.45-21.89%, free fatty acids 0.94-0.98% and 1.74- 1.95%. Transparent solid soap made to meet quality requirements and in accordance with transparent comparison soaps on the market. Keywords: community service, transparent solid soap, palm kernel oi

Produk Esktraseluler Isolat Kapang Endofi t C.1.1 dan C.3.3 dari Ranting Cempaka Kuning (Michelia champaca L.) Sebagai Antimikroba

Michelia champaca L. is known to have effi cacy as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer.In general, endophytic fungi that live in plant tissues is capable of producing secondary metabolites as theirhost plant. The objective of this research is to examine the antimicrobial potential of endophytic mold isolates C.1.1 and C.3.3 from yellow cempaka branches (Michelia champaca L.). Isolates obtained from previous research, fi rst was rejuvenated on PDA. Fermentation was carried out on each isolate for 12 days. The fermented supernatant was then extracted partially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvent. The extract was then concentrated and tested for antimicrobial activity using disk diff usion and microdilution methods. N-butanol extract of endophytic fungi isolates of yellow champaca branches was able to inhibit the microbial growth with the largest inhibition area in isolate C.1.1 in Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (12.26 mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (11.40 mm), Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (10.50 mm), and Metichillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (11.30 mm) with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Concentration of 12,5% . It was concluded that both endophytic fungi isolates of yellow champaca branches had the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes.empaka Kuning (Michelia champaca L.) adalah tanaman yang diketahui memiliki khasiat sebagai antimikroba, antioksidan, dan antikanker. Secara umum kapang endofi t yang hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman dapat menghasilkan senyawa yang memiliki khasiat sama dengan tumbuhan inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menguji potensi antimikroba isolat kapang endofi t C.1.1 dan C.3.3 dari ranting cempaka kuning (Micheliachampaca L.). Isolat yang telah didapat dari penelitian sebelumnya, diremajakan terlebih dahulu pada mediaPDA. Selanjutnya dilakukan fermentasi pada setiap isolat selama 12 hari. Supernatan hasil fermentasidiekstraksi secara partisi dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan n-butanol. Ekstrak kemudian dipekatkan dandiuji aktivitas antimikroba dengan kombinasi dua metode yaitu metode difusi cakram dan mikrodilusi. Ekstrakn-butanol isolat kapang endofi t ranting cempaka kuning mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba dengannilai diameter daerah hambat terbesar pada isolat C.1.1 terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (12.26mm), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 (11.40 mm), Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (10.50 mm), dan Metichillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (11.30 mm) dengan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum dan Konsentrasi BunuhMinimum sebesar 12,5%. Disimpulkan bahwa kedua isolat kapang endofi t ranting cempaka kuning memilikipotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba patogen

EVALUATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION PARAMETERS OF HERBAL DRINK AND INSTANT POWDER

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the microbial contamination contained in herbal medicine in the form of herbal drink (liquid) and instant powder fulfil(s) the requirements of BPOM No. 32 of 2019. Methods: Determination of microbial contamination was carried out by testing the total plate count using TSA (Tryptic Soy Agar) media, Yeast and Mold count plates using SDA (Sabouraud Dextrose Agar) media, Escherichia coli using MCB selective media (MacConkey Broth) and MCA (MacConkey Agar), Salmonella using RVSEB (Rappaport Vassiliadis Salmonella Enrichment Broth) and XLD (Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate) media, and Shigella using XLD (Xylose Lysine) media Deoxycholate) and also MCA (MacConkey Agar). Results: The result of the herbal drink the total plate count is 1.2 x 102 CFU/g, yeast and mold count plates was<10 CFU/g, Escherichia coli was negative/g, Salmonella enterica Serovar Thypimurium was negative/g, and Shigella sonnei which was negative/g. while in instant powder samples test showed that the total plate count was<10 CFU/g, the yeast and mold count plates was<10 CFU/g, Escherichia coli was negative/g, Salmonella enterica Serovar Thypimurium was negative/g, and Shigella sonnei was negative/g. Conclusion: Based on the results of data analysis from the two samples, the herbal medicine produced as herbal medicine has fulfilled the applicable requirement

CURCUMIN MICROENCAPSULATION USING CHITOSAN–ETHYL CELLULOSE–GMS MIXTURE FOR PRESERVATION OF MUCOADHESIVE PROPERTIES AND CONTROLLED RELEASE KINETIC

Objective: This research aimed to prepare curcumin microcapsules by the spray drying method and to evaluate their characteristics. Methods: The microcapsules were prepared by the spray drying method. The generated microcapsules were evaluated for organoleptic, morphology, particle size, the percentage of curcumin and water content. Furthermore, the release of curcumin from the microcapsules was tested in vitro and compared to uncoated curcumin powder. In addition, the mucoadhesive properties of uncoated curcumin powder and curcumin microcapsules were also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the microcapsules had spherical shape with particle size in the range of 100–1009 µm and water content of 9.34% (w/w) (FIII) and 8.09% (w/w) (FVI). The release of curcumin from its uncoated powder and the microcapsules FVI within 8 h were 8.87% and 26.32% (w/w), respectively. It was found that the mucoadhesive properties of microcapsules FVI were better than those of FIII and uncoated curcumin powder. Microcapsules FVI rendered the cumulative amount of curcumin remaining on the intestinal mucosa of 55% (w/w) within 3 h. Conclusion: Accordingly, curcumin microcapsules generated by spray drying could be further formulated into various solid dosage forms for a better therapeutic effect