Studies on Thiol Protease Inhibitor Isolated from Human Breast Cancer Tissue

Protease activity is considered to be involved in malignant tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Although, protease activity is thought to be controlled by protease inhibitors, there are a few reports concerning the relationship between cancer and protease inhibitor derived from cancer tissue. In the present study, thiol protease inhibitors (TPIs) were isolated from human breast cancer tissue, normal mammary gland tissue and the human breast cancer cell line (YMB-1). Their biochemical properties were investigated, giving the following results. 1) TPIs in human breast cancer extracts were significantly higher than in normal mammary gland extracts. 2) TPI was purified from both human breast cancer and human normal mammary gland extracts by papain-Sepharose affinity chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. Two kinds of TPIs (]ow-molecular weight TPI and high-molecular weight TPI) were purified from both tissues. Their molecular weights were 14,000 and 90,000, respectively as determined by gel filtration. 3) Low-molecular weight (LMW-) TPI had higher specific activity than high-molecular weight (HMW-) TPI. In breast cancer tissue extracts, LMW-TPI was dominant. Contrarily, HMW-TPI was dominant in normal gland tissue extracts. 4) Only HMW-TPI reacted with anti-urinary thiol protease inhibitor (UTPI) rabbit IgG by double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. 5) LMW-TPI inhibited papain competitively using S-2302 as substrate. Its Km and Ki were 1.3 x 1Q·3M and 6.1 x 10·8M, respectively. 6) LMW-TPI was found to be stable to heat and pH variation. 7) TPIs were also purified from the human breast cancer cell line (YMB-1). Both TPIs which were extracted from cultured cells and released into the medium, were confirmed to be LMW-TPI. Breast cancer cells may have lower ability to produce HMW-TPI than normal mammary gland cells. The difference of antigenicity to anti-UTPI IgG between HMW-TPI and LMW-TPI may be useful for diagnosis in near future.This research was funded in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Project 60480518, of the Japanese Ministry of Education. Some sections of this paper were presented at 14th International Cancer Congress August 21-27, 1986-Budapest, Hungary and 45th annual meeting of Japanese Cancer Association October 21-23, 1986-Sapporo

Dry Small Pleural Dissemination of Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Preoperatively Detected by PET/CT: A Report of Two Cases

Dry pleural dissemination in non-small cell lung cancer, defined as solid pleural metastasis of lung cancer without pleural eff usion, is a condition occurring in T4 lung cancer. Positron emission tomography (PET) has been reported to be useful for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. It has been reported that positive findings on PET scans of indeterminate pleural abnormalities at computed tomography (CT) are sensitive to malignancy. We encountered two cases of dry small pleural dissemination of adenocarcinoma of the lung preoperatively detected by PET/CT. A 75-year-old man and a 66-year-old man underwent CT scan, which demonstrated solitary tumor in the lung, an enlarged mediastinal lymph node, and a small pleural nodule less than 10 mm in size, all of which were positive findings on the fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET portion of an integrated PET/CT. Both patients underwent thoracoscopic biopsy of the dry pleural nodule revealing dissemination of adenocarcinoma of the lung (T4). Whereas histological thoracoscopic diagnosis remains mandatory before planning treatment, our cases may suggest that PET/CT will be useful as a screening modality for dry pleural dissemination of lung cancer.</p

"習慣的な運動後アイシングがトレーニングに伴う筋の適応過程に及ぼす影響 "

中京大

A Case Report of Carcinoma Originating from Aberrant Breast Tissue

A case of breast cancer originating from accessory breast gland tissue is to be presented. Treatment included the subcutaneous removal of the upper half of the mammary gland and the dissection of axillary lymphnodes. As the incidence of aberrant breast carcinoma is rare, a definite prognostic conclusion can not be made at this point. But follow up (5 years) in our case without recurrence will prove that it is enough when the masses were not palpable within the breast

The effect of the speaker's confmnatory question on understandability of verbal explanation

Previous studies have shown that confirmatory questions enhance the understandability of an explanation. Examples include asking a degree of understanding of the listener and current state of the description target in verbal explanation. In the current study, we examined the effect of two types of confirmatory question by tbe speaker on tbe degree of understanding of the listener. The experimenter verbally explained to participants how to draw a geometric figore. We manipulated tbe types of explanation: (a) tbe speaker aaks a degree of understanding of the listener dwing explanation, (b) the speaker asks a current state of the description target during explanation, and (c) the speaker simply repeats the explanation. As a result, tbe highest understandability score was attained when tbe explanation was repeated. Accuracy scores of the drawing were high in all three situations; we therefore conclude that conimnatory questions are not effective in every situation of verbal explanation. Repetition of the explanation is sufficient to increase the listener's understanding if the content of the description is simple

低温環境における運動前の受動的身体加温が高強度運動中の生理的応答に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of passive warming up before exercise on physiological responses during heavy exercise in a cold environment. Five male subjects participated in this study. All measurements were taken at a room temperature of 16℃. In the passive warming up experiment (PW), bilateral extremities were immersed in hot water at 42℃ for 20 min before exercise. In the cold exposure experiment (CE), subjects were sat for in the room temperature of 16℃ for 35min before exercise. The exercise load was a 6-min heavy cycle exercise at 75% VO_2max (above lactate threshold). Gas exchange parameters (oxygen uptake, CO_2 output, ventilation, respiratory exchange rate), heart rate, rectum temperature, and RPE were measured during both experiments. Blood samples were taken immediately, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 12, 15 min after exercise to determine blood lactate concentration. Oxygen uptake was almost the same in the both experiments. Peak blood lactate concentration after exercise was significantly lower (P) than in CE (153±6beat・min^). It is considered that the lower maximal blood lactate concentration in PW may be attributed to decreased anaerobic energy production during exercise due to higher body temperature

低酸素下の最大運動において、運動前の低酸素暴露時間の違いが血漿アンモニア濃度に及ぼす影響

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a difference in hypoxic exposure duration before exercise on maximum plasma ammonia concentrations at maximal exercise in hypoxia. On three occasions, seven healthy male subjects performed an incremental exhaustive exercise on a cycle ergometer ; 1) Inhaling 12% O_2 from 60min before exercise to 10 min after exercise (HP60) ; 2) inspiring 12% O_2 from 10 min before exercise to 10 min after exercise (HP10) ; and 3) Inhaling air (MAX). Arterialized blood was drawn from a superficial arm vein. Arterial O_2 saturation (SaO_2), blood gas, plasma lactate, and plasma ammonia were determined. SaO_2 before exercise was lower in HP60 than that in HP10 (P<0.001). Blood Ph before exercise was lower in HP60 than that in MAX (P<0.05). Maximum plasma lactate concentrations were the same levels in all three tests. Maximum plasma ammonia concentration in HP60 was lower than that in MAX (P<0.01), while that in HP10 did not differ from that in MAX. From these results we suggest that a longer duration of hypoxic exposure before exercise may have resulted in a lower SaO_2 and a stronger respiratory alkalosis, maximum ammonia concentration which has lead a lower at maximal exercise in hypoxia