Key morphological differences among <i>Ligularia cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i> and putative hybrids.

<p>Key morphological differences among <i>Ligularia cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i> and putative hybrids.</p

Natural Hybridization and Introgression between <i>Ligularia cymbulifera</i> and <i>L. tongolensis</i> (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) in Four Different Locations

<div><p>Natural hybridization has been considered to represent an important factor influencing the high diversity of the genus <i>Ligularia</i> Cass. in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Natural hybridization has been confirmed to occur frequently in <i>Ligularia</i>. To date, however, it has been demonstrated only within a single population. In this paper, we present evidence of natural hybridization in <i>Ligularia</i> from four different locations. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA and three chloroplast intergenic spacers (<i>trn</i>K-<i>rps</i>16, <i>trn</i>L-<i>rpl</i>32 and <i>trn</i>Q-5'<i>rps</i>16) of 149 accessions of putative hybrids and their putative parents (<i>L. cymbulifera</i> and <i>L. tongolensis</i>) were analyzed for evidence of hybridization. The ITS data clearly distinguished two putative parental species and sympatric <i>L. vellerea</i> and supported the hypothesis that those morphological intermediates were products of natural hybridization between <i>L. cymbulifera</i> and <i>L. tongolensis</i>. Moreover, several identified morphological parents were actual introgressed products. Because of hybridization and introgression, chloroplast DNA sequences generated a poorly resolved network. The present results indicate that varying degrees of hybridization and introgression occur differently depending on the habitat context. We conclude that gene flow caused by natural hybridization in <i>Ligularia</i> indeed plays an important role in the species diversity.</p></div

Distribution of ITS4-5 haplotypes and three cpDNA haplotypes in 6 locations.

<p>Note:* indicates only three or four individuals for this taxon were found within the population.</p><p>Distribution of ITS4-5 haplotypes and three cpDNA haplotypes in 6 locations.</p

TCS haplotype networks based on plastid non-coding regions.

<p>Rectangular areas represent plastid haplotypes, and circle areas represent haplotypes not detected. Blue and red characters represent sequences of individuals in reference populations. (a) Population locality, <b>J</b>, Jiajinshan; <b>cd</b>, Reference Daocheng; <b>D</b>, Desha; <b>P</b>, Pachahai; <b>X</b>, Xiaoxueshan; <b>L</b>, Jiawa; (b) taxa: <b>v</b>, <i>L. vellerea</i>; <b>t</b>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>; c, <i>L. cymbulifera</i>; h, putative hybrids. Numbers following taxon initials are sample numbers.</p

TCS networks based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) sequences.

<p>Rectangular areas in the nrITS network represent nrITS haplotypes and circle areas represent haplotypes not detected. Blue and red characters represent sequences of pure individuals in reference and sympatric populations. Purple characters represent sequences of individuals possess introgressed sequences. (a) Population locality, <b>J</b>, Jiajinshan; <b>Cd</b>, Reference Daocheng; <b>D</b>, Desha; <b>P</b>, Pachahai; <b>X</b>, Xiaoxueshan; <b>L</b>, Jiawa; (b) taxa: <b>v</b>, <i>L. vellerea</i>; <b>t</b>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>; c, <i>L. cymbulifera</i>; h, putative hybrids. Numbers following taxon initials are sample numbers and clone numbers (if any). (TIFF)</p

Phylogenetic relationships of the nrITS4-5 haplotypes of <i>L. cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>, their putative hybrids and sympatric <i>L. vellerea</i> from south-western China (H1–H15) generated by PAUP.

<p>Phylogenetic relationships of the nrITS4-5 haplotypes of <i>L. cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>, their putative hybrids and sympatric <i>L. vellerea</i> from south-western China (H1–H15) generated by PAUP.</p

Phylogenetic relationships of the cpDNA haplotypes of <i>L. cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>, their putative hybrids and sympatric <i>L. vellerea</i> from south-western China (H1–H27) generated with PAUP.

<p>Phylogenetic relationships of the cpDNA haplotypes of <i>L. cymbulifera</i>, <i>L. tongolensis</i>, their putative hybrids and sympatric <i>L. vellerea</i> from south-western China (H1–H27) generated with PAUP.</p

Table_1_TikTok video as a health education source of information on heart failure in China: a content analysis.DOCX

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a complex and life-threatening syndrome associated with significant morbidity and mortality. While TikTok has gained popularity as a social media platform for sharing HF-related information, the quality of such content on TikTok remains unexplored.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted on TikTok videos related to HF in China. The sources of the videos were identified and analyzed. The content comprehensiveness of the videos was evaluated using six questions that covered definition, signs and symptoms, risk factors, evaluation, management, and outcomes. The reliability and quality of the videos were assessed using three standardized evaluation instruments: DISCERN, JAMA benchmarks, and the Global Quality Scale. Additionally, the correlation between video quality and video characteristics was further investigated.ResultsAmong the video sources, 92.2% were attributed to health professionals, while news agencies and non-profit organizations accounted for 5.7% and 2.1%, respectively. The content comprehensiveness score for the videos was 3.36 (SD 3.56), with news agencies receiving the highest scores of 4.06 (SD 3.31). The median DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores for all 141 videos were 26.50 (IQR 25.00–28.750), 2.00 (IQR 2.00–2.00), and 2.00 (IQR 2.00–2.00), respectively. Videos from health professionals had significantly higher JAMA scores compared to those from non-profit organizations (P ConclusionThe overall quality of the videos was found to be unsatisfactory, with variations in quality scores observed across different video sources. Content comprehensiveness was inadequate, the reliability and quality of the information presented in the videos was questionable. As TikTok continues to grow as a platform for health information, it is essential to prioritize accuracy and reliability to enhance patients’ self-care abilities and promote public health.</p

DAPI-stained epifluorescence microphotographs showing squashed pollen grains of (A) and (B)

GN, generative nucleus; VN, vegetative nucleus; PW, pollen wall.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Testing a hypothesis of unidirectional hybridization in plants: Observations on and "</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/149</p><p>BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008;8():149-149.</p><p>Published online 16 May 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2409324.</p><p></p

DNA Conjugated SWCNTs Enter Endothelial Cells via Rac1 Mediated Macropinocytosis

Several applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as nanovectors in biological systems have been reported, and several molecular pathways of cellular entry have been proposed. We employed transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopic analysis to confirm the internalization of DNA-SWCNT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Additionally, by using pharmacological inhibitors as well as genetic approaches, we have found that SWCNT is endocytosed through Rac1- GTPase mediated macropinocytosis in normal endothelial cells