How Migrant Families Support Children's Trust in Themselves and Their Caregivers in Rural China

To inform policy making and programs targeting the welfare of Chinese families from rural communities who face parental migration, I explored how caregivers and other possible significant others fostered children’s attachment security and socioemotional and academic wellbeing. In an ethnic village located in the Southwest of China, thirty children and their parents (n=21) and grandparents (n=24) volunteered to share their understanding of optimal care, relational experiences, and naturalistic interactions. Observational and iterative thematic analyses revealed six forms of secure base support, such as supporting educational attainment, providing daily life necessities, and ensuring health and hygiene. They were positively related to children’s attachment security, emotional balance, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and academic achievement motivations to various degrees. Practices adapted from Western industrialized families also showed some applicability to the families. Additionally, a network of support was detected, including parents, grandparents, siblings, and peers. They contributed to children’s sense of security in various ways, such as quality communications and doing activities together. These patterns provided evidence-based suggestions for policy making in promoting rural Chinese families’ welfare. They also supported the ecocultural framework of attachment theory, indicating that the forms of secure base support vary by cultures

Caregivers support autonomy and relatedness in children from migrant families from rural China

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How Can Teachers Best Support Young Children's Emotional Competence?

The Early Investments Policy Initiative team presented findings from a systematic review of the literature regarding practices to promote young children's emotional competencies at the American Educational Research Association conference in New York City on April 13, 2018. Expectations for young children's emotional competencies are part of the social and emotional learning (SEL) standards that all 50 states have adopted, including Illinois Early Learning and Development Standards that expect children to understand and effectively communicate emotions and express them in situationally-appropriate ways. As in many other states, Illinois teachers must align their curricula and assessments to these standards as part of the state's Excelerate system, which assigns medal levels (licensed, bronze, silver, gold) to all licensed centers and its Preschool for All funding focused on helping all young children be ready for school.The evidence base for specific teaching practices to support these standards is thin, according to a key finding from "Building the Evidence Base for Social-Emotional Teaching Practices in Early Childhood" by IGPA faculty member Rachel Gordon, IGPA visiting scholar Katherine Zinsser, and UIC graduate student Xue Jiang.The authors systematically identified published studies that had examined such practices and their relationship to children's emotion knowledge, expression and management. They found just 29 U.S. based studies focused on these topics. Applying state-of-the-art meta-analysis procedures to these studies' results revealed a small overall effect (in scientific terms, a standard deviation increase in practices was associated with less than a tenth of a standard deviation difference in emotional competencies). The studies also had important limitations, such as being based on small convenience samples, primarily including non-Hispanic White middle-class children, and using designs that identified correlational rather than causal associations. The studies were also limited in how they measured practices and competencies, with studies of different competencies tending to rely on different strategies with varying limitations (e.g., direct assessments versus parent or teacher reports).Studies of two SEL curricula had a moderate-sized effect (about two-fifths of a standard deviation in size), but these studies were also limited, being authored by curricular developers, sometimes having teachers rate children's competencies, and intervening to raise children's social as well as emotional development. The authors conclude that more and better designed studies are needed in order to determine practices that support young children's developing emotional competencies. Such work should be a high priority given teachers need support in knowing how to address state standards in these specific areas. One effort currently underway, for instance, is the EMOTERS project, a $1.4 million effort funded by the Institute of Education Sciences in which members of the IGPA Early Investments Project team (and collaborators from George Mason University) are developing a new measure of teachers' supports for young children's emotional development.</div

Marer t_R–<i>m/z</i> ion pairs in the S-plot.

<p>Marer t_R–<i>m/z</i> ion pairs in the S-plot.</p

Tentatively identified compounds from leaves of <i>E. japonica.</i>

<p>Tentatively identified compounds from leaves of <i>E. japonica.</i></p

Analysis of variance of the orthogonal array design.

a<p>The critical <i>F</i> value was 21.598 (* <i>p</i><0.05).</p

Determination of OA and UA in CPPY, PPPY, and HPPY (N = 3).

<p>Determination of OA and UA in CPPY, PPPY, and HPPY (N = 3).</p

PCA (scores plot) of CPPY, HPPY, and PPPY.

<p>PCA (scores plot) of CPPY, HPPY, and PPPY.</p

Representative profiling of a PPY sample.

<p>Representative profiling of a PPY sample.</p

The L₉ (3⁴) experiment design of the orthogonal array design.

<p>The L₉ (3⁴) experiment design of the orthogonal array design.</p