Correlation Analysis of 3D Printability and Rheological Properties of Sodium Alginate Hydrogels

In this study, Ca2+-induced sodium alginate hydrogel was used as a model. The rheological properties were measured via steady-state shear, oscillation strain sweep, and yield stress. The network of sodium alginate hydrogels was analyzed using water distribution and rheological parameters. After a comprehensive analysis of the morphology and Micro-CT structure of 3D printing products, the mathematical relationship between rheological parameters and 3D printing effect was established using the Spearman's correlation analysis. The results showed that the highest score of 3D printing product was prepared at the mass ratio of SA to Ca2+ at 24:1 and the concentration of SA at 4.5%. At the same time, the filament structure of 3D printing product was fine and the porosity was 12.21%. Rheological parameters of K, η1, G', G", τ0 and τy were 255.1 Pa·sn, 2740 Pa·s, 3509 Pa, 673.2 Pa, 261.4 Pa, and 51.62 Pa, respectively. The capillary water (about 99.20%) was dominant in the gel network, showing strong water holding capacity of hydrogel. Results of correlation analysis showed that the viscosity properties (K, η1, and G") were negatively correlated with the extrudability, and the correlation coefficient was -0.577. The self-supporting capacity of the 3D printing product was positively correlated with the elastic modulus and stress (G', τ0, and τy) (P<0.05)

Draft genome sequence of the mulberry tree Morus notabilis

Human utilization of the mulberry–silkworm interaction started at least 5,000 years ago and greatly influenced world history through the Silk Road. Complementing the silkworm genome sequence, here we describe the genome of a mulberry species Morus notabilis. In the 330-Mb genome assembly, we identify 128 Mb of repetitive sequences and 29,338 genes, 60.8% of which are supported by transcriptome sequencing. Mulberry gene sequences appear to evolve ~3 times faster than other Rosales, perhaps facilitating the species’ spread worldwide. The mulberry tree is among a few eudicots but several Rosales that have not preserved genome duplications in more than 100 million years; however, a neopolyploid series found in the mulberry tree and several others suggest that new duplications may confer benefits. Five predicted mulberry miRNAs are found in the haemolymph and silk glands of the silkworm, suggesting interactions at molecular levels in the plant–herbivore relationship. The identification and analyses of mulberry genes involved in diversifying selection, resistance and protease inhibitor expressed in the laticifers will accelerate the improvement of mulberry plants

Role transformation of fecundity and viability: The leading cause of fitness costs associated with beta-cypermethrin resistance in Musca domestica.

Fitness is closely associated with the development of pesticide resistance in insects, which determines the control strategies employed to target species and the risks of toxicity faced by non-target species. After years of selections with beta-cypermethrin in laboratory, a strain of housefly was developed that was 684,521.62-fold resistant (CRR) compared with the susceptible strain (CSS). By constructing ≤ 21 d and ≤ 30 d life tables, the differences in life history parameters between CSS and CRR were analyzed. The total production numbers of all the detected development stages in CRR were lower than in CSS. Except for the lower mortality of larvae, all the other detected mortalities in CRR were higher than in CSS. ♀:♂ and normal females of CRR were also lower than those of CSS. For CRR, the relative fitness was 0.25 in the ≤ 21 d life table and 0.24 in the ≤ 30 d life table, and a lower intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were detected. Based on phenotype correlation and structural equation model (SEM) analyses, fecundity and viability were the only directly positive fitness components affecting fitness in CRR and CSS, and the other components played indirect roles in fitness. The variations of the relationships among fitness, fecundity and viability seemed to be the core issue resulting in fitness differences between CRR and CSS. The interactions among all the detected fitness components and the mating frequency-time curves appeared to be distinctly different between CRR and CSS. In summary, fecundity and its related factors separately played direct and indirect roles in the fitness costs of a highly beta-cypermethrin-resistant housefly strain

Study on the Dynamic Response of Deep-Sea Trawlers in Sea Trials

The increasing use of automation in fishing vessels has improved trawling efficiency while directly affecting the fishing capacity and cost of fishing vessels. Among the various influencing factors, warp tension and warp length can be varied to automatically balance the retraction and release of warp control. We combined the two parameters and independently designed and developed the key equipment for fishing vessels—the warp dynamometer and meter counter—and control software. The accuracy of the warp tension and length measurements was improved. The designed equipment was applied to sea trials under different working conditions, and the test data records were exported. Next, filtered time-domain graphs of the required parameters were plotted through complex Fourier transform, first-order low-pass filtering, and inverse Fourier transform. The results of data processing using various parameters were compared and analysed to determine the variation trends of the parameters and verify the effects of their balance control. The results indicated that using an automatic balance control system that combines warp tension and warp length can be effective for the fishing operation of offshore double-deck trawlers. In addition, first-order low-pass filtering can be used to filter complex warp tension data. This study also determined the relationship between warp tension and experimental parameters such as warp length and ship speed during the release of control. After the balance control of warp tension and warp length, the net mouth area increased by 30.7% and 36.5%, respectively, and the fishing efficiency of the vessel improved considerably

Assessment of the temporal trend and daily profiles of the dietary purine intake among Chinese residents during 2014 to 2021

The incidence of hyperuricemia is on the rise in China, primarily due to dietary habits. However, limited data exists regarding dietary purine intake in the country. This study aimed to estimate the daily dietary purine intake among Chinese residents from 2014 to 2021 and evaluate the temporal trend using joinpoint regression analysis. The analysis revealed an annual percentage change (APC) of 0.8% (95% CI: 0.1–1.5%) in dietary purine intake prior to the joinpoint (2014–2019). Following the joinpoint (2019–2021), the APC significantly increased to 6.5% (95% CI: 3.3–9.8%), indicating a noteworthy upward trend (p = 0.045). Furthermore, the average daily purine intake varied significantly among different regions of China, with the southern region showing the highest dietary intake of purines. Considering the diverse contributions of various food sources to dietary purine intake, it was observed that meat consumption had the greatest impact, accounting for 36.2% of purine intake, followed by cereals consumption (25.3%) and vegetables and edible fungi (24.2%). These findings hold significance for dietary intervention and management strategies aimed at reducing purine intake among the population

Identification of the Conserved and Novel miRNAs in Mulberry by High-Throughput Sequencing

<div><p>miRNAs are a class of non-coding endogenous small RNAs. They play vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stress by negatively regulating genes. Mulberry trees are economically important species with multiple uses. However, to date, little is known about mulberry miRNAs and their target genes. In the present study, three small mulberry RNA libraries were constructed and sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed 85 conserved miRNAs belonging to 31 miRNA families and 262 novel miRNAs at 371 loci. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed the expression pattern of 9 conserved and 5 novel miRNAs in leaves, bark, and male flowers. A total of 332 potential target genes were predicted to be associated with these 113 novel miRNAs. These results provide a basis for further understanding of mulberry miRNAs and the biological processes in which they are involved.</p></div

Total Syntheses of Festuclavine, Pyroclavine, Costaclavine, <i>epi</i>-Costaclavine, Pibocin A, 9‑Deacetoxyfumigaclavine C, Fumigaclavine G, and Dihydrosetoclavine

A new approach for the divergent total synthesis of eight ergot alkaloids is reported. The approach allows the first total syntheses of pyroclavine, pibocin A, 9-deacetoxyfumigaclavine C, and fumigaclavine G and also enables the efficient synthesis of festuclavine, costaclavine, <i>epi</i>-costaclavine, and dihydrosetoclavine. The main feature of the synthesis is the use of an unprecedented Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Larock indole annulation/Tsuji–Trost allylation cascade to assemble the tetracyclic core in one step

Relative expression of 14 miRNAs in three mulberry tissues (leaf, bark, and male flower) using stem-loop RT-PCR.

<p>The X axis represents different tissues. L indicates leaf tissue. B indicates bark tissue. MF indicates male flower tissue. The Y axis represents the relative expression level of miRNAs.</p

Classification of small RNAs in the mulberry leaves, bark, and male flowers.

<p>Classification of small RNAs in the mulberry leaves, bark, and male flowers.</p

The expression profile of 10 target genes belonging to 6 miRNAs in three mulberry tissues (leaf, bark, and male flower) using RT-PCR.

<p>Morus015493 and Morus018032 are the predicted target genes of miR156, so as Morus012124, Morus012122, and Morus012121 for miRn51, Morus008520 for miRn247, Morus019289 for miRn67, Morus011908 for miRn62, Morus002508 and Morus014466 for miRn157. The X axis represents different tissues. L indicates leaf tissue. B indicates bark tissue. MF indicates male flower tissue. The Y axis represents the relative expression level of target genes. MorusXXXXXX represented the target gene ID.</p