Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Kepel (Stelechocarpus Burahol (Bl) Hook F. & Th.) Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Sifat Fisik Sediaan Krim

This research was aimed to determine the effect of concentrations of Kepel leaves\u27 (Stelechocarpus burahol (BL) Hook f. & Th.)extract to antioxidant activity and physical properties of cream. Kepel leaves\u27 extract were made by infundation method. The antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Cream was made in three formulas with variation concentrations of Kepel leaves\u27 extract (2,5; 5,0; 7,5%b/b) using w/o basis. Physical stability parameters tested in this research were homogenity, dispersive power, adhesion, and viscosity. Data were then analyzed statistically by ANOVA One Way and Turkey Test at 95% level of significance. The results showed that concentration of Kepel leaves\u27 extract as an active ingredient cause different color, odor, and viscosity of the cream. The concentrationdifference of Kepel Leaves\u27 extract as an active ingredient was not affected the homogenity, adhesion, and the separation ratio of the cream. The difference concentration was not cause affected daya sebar cream unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w). Increasing concentration of Kepel leaves\u27 extract caused a different antioxidant activity unless the formula II (5.0% w/w) and formula III (7.5% w/w)

How young offenders interpret, construct and engage in education from statutory school to post-16 provision

Figure S1. The relationship between maximum PWM score and information content of PWMs. Individual dots represents each PWM generated from the non-redundant PFM JASPAR-CORE database [5] after the filtering procedures specified in the Methods section. There is a strong positive correlation between the information content of the PWM and the maximum possible PWM score that could be generated by that PWM, with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.597. (PDF 25.9KB

Relationship between redroot pigweed density and its dry biomass.

<p>Regressions are based on treatment means, and vertical bars indicate one standard error of the mean.</p

Redroot pigweed seed production per plant (a) or per square meter (b) as a function of plant density in 2014.

<p>Regressions are based on treatment means, and vertical bars indicate one standard error of the mean.</p

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Based on Hydrophobic Interface Regulation and Its Application of Electrochemical Catalysis

It has been shown that the aggregation of particles is a big challenge in synthetics progress due to the Brownian movement and van der Waals potential among the particles. Thus, how to avoid aggregation to synthesize nanoparticles with homogeneous morphology has been greatly impressed by considerable researchers and many strategies have been implemented to solve the problem in recent years. In this paper, a novel method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesize based on the regulation of hydrophobic interface was proposed, studies showed that in the presence of hydrophobic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), AgNPs with homogeneous morphology grown on interface between GO and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution through a kind of common chemical reduction, and aggregation of AgNPs is avoided effectively without any protection under room temperature. The possible mechanism is discussed and the obtained AgNPs–POSS/rGO nanocomposites are used to fabricate electrochemical sensor for nitrobenzene, <i>p</i>-nitroaniline, and <i>p</i>-nitrobenzoic acid sensing. The composites have good ability to catalyze nitroaromatic compounds with the broad linear ranges of 0.5–155 ppm, 0.1–77 ppm, and 0.05–330 ppm and the low detection limits of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.02 ppm, respectively. The novel method provides a new platform for the synthesis of nanomaterials, the idea that changing hydrophobic/hydrophilic property of substrate material for growth of namomaterial may open up the traditional synthetic minds, and it will be expected to synthesize other optical, electronic, and magnetic nanomaterials

Predicted plant height (a) and stem diameter (b) of cotton and redroot pigweed over the growing season.

<p>Plant height and stem diameter data were averaged over weed densities, and vertical bars indicate one standard error of the mean. Estimated parameters for these functions and for 2013 and 2014 are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130475#pone.0130475.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Relationship between redroot pigweed density and plant height (a) and stem diameter (b) of cotton and redroot pigweed.

<p>Plant height and stem diameter data were averaged over the growing season, and vertical bars indicate one standard error of the mean. Estimated parameters for these functions and for 2013 and 2014 are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130475#pone.0130475.t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a>.</p

Interference between Redroot Pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L.) and Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i> L.): Growth Analysis

<div><p>Redroot pigweed is one of the injurious agricultural weeds on a worldwide basis. Understanding of its interference impact in crop field will provide useful information for weed control programs. The effects of redroot pigweed on cotton at densities of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants m^-1 of row were evaluated in field experiments conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Institute of Cotton Research, CAAS in China. Redroot pigweed remained taller and thicker than cotton and heavily shaded cotton throughout the growing season. Both cotton height and stem diameter reduced with increasing redroot pigweed density. Moreover, the interference of redroot pigweed resulted in a delay in cotton maturity especially at the densities of 1 to 8 weed plants m^-1 of row, and cotton boll weight and seed numbers per boll were reduced. The relationship between redroot pigweed density and seed cotton yield was described by the hyperbolic decay regression model, which estimated that a density of 0.20–0.33 weed plant m^-1 of row would result in a 50% seed cotton yield loss from the maximum yield. Redroot pigweed seed production per plant or per square meter was indicated by logarithmic response. At a density of 1 plant m^-1 of cotton row, redroot pigweed produced about 626,000 seeds m^-2. Intraspecific competition resulted in density-dependent effects on weed biomass per plant, a range of 430–2,250 g dry weight by harvest. Redroot pigweed biomass ha^-1 tended to increase with increasing weed density as indicated by a logarithmic response. Fiber quality was not significantly influenced by weed density when analyzed over two years; however, the fiber length uniformity and micronaire were adversely affected at density of 1 weed plant m^-1 of row in 2014. The adverse impact of redroot pigweed on cotton growth and development identified in this study has indicated the need of effective redroot pigweed management.</p></div

Cotton yield loss associated with increasing redroot pigweed density.

<p>Regressions are based on treatment means, and vertical bars indicate one standard error of the mean.</p

Structures of PA1 and PA2.

<p>Structures of PA1 and PA2.</p