Abbreviated Chinese Words of Coronavirus Era with a Structural-Semantic Component ‘in a Cloud Format’

The article is devoted to the description of the analysis of compound words results built according to the model “云xx”. The material was the vocabulary that appeared or became widely used since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the study of word-formation and semantic patterns of the emergence of new words in modern Chinese, built according to the model “云xx”. The need to study the mechanism of the emergence of such words in order to determine their linguistic status and establish the specifics of their functioning in speech determines the relevance of this study. 15 abbreviated words built according to the “云xx” model were analyzed, naming current events in the life of Chinese society in the era of coronavirus. It was found that the morpheme 云 ‘in a cloud format’ is an affix that has regular reproducibility and forms a productive construction “云xx”, which creates a word-building mechanism for generating a whole group of new compound abbreviated words. It has been proved that this word-formation model has a high productivity, which makes it possible to regularly produce words expressing new concepts and phenomena associated with the development of network technologies

SASG: Sparsification with Adaptive Stochastic Gradients for Communication-efficient Distributed Learning

Stochastic optimization algorithms implemented on distributed computing architectures are increasingly used to tackle large-scale machine learning applications. A key bottleneck in such distributed systems is the communication overhead for exchanging information such as stochastic gradients between different workers. Sparse communication with memory and the adaptive aggregation methodology are two successful frameworks among the various techniques proposed to address this issue. In this paper, we creatively exploit the advantages of Sparse communication and Adaptive aggregated Stochastic Gradients to design a communication-efficient distributed algorithm named SASG. Specifically, we first determine the workers that need to communicate based on the adaptive aggregation rule and then sparse this transmitted information. Therefore, our algorithm reduces both the overhead of communication rounds and the number of communication bits in the distributed system. We define an auxiliary sequence and give convergence results of the algorithm with the help of Lyapunov function analysis. Experiments on training deep neural networks show that our algorithm can significantly reduce the number of communication rounds and bits compared to the previous methods, with little or no impact on training and testing accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

First Morpheme in Compound Words in Modern Chinese (Words from Coronavirus Era)

The article is devoted to the study of the principles of the formation of abbreviated words and the establishment of semantic and syntactic relationships between their constituent parts using the example of new abbreviated words that appeared with the onset of the coronavirus pandemic. The words recorded in the Chinese language in 2020—2021 are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the principle of selecting the first morpheme, in which the first morphemes of the original significant segments are preserved to form an abbreviated form. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing number of new abbreviated words, the complexity of their word-formation structures and the importance of their adequate understanding by both native Chinese speakers and foreign students. 12 compound abbreviated words (4 single-level and 8 multi-level) were analyzed, naming current phenomena in the life of Chinese society in the era of coronavirus. Five types of semanticsyntactic connections have been established: attributive connection, copulative connection, verbal-object connection, resultative connection and subject-predicative connection. It is concluded that among the principles on the basis of which complex abbreviated words are formed in modern Chinese, such as equivalence, distinctiveness, familiarity, etc., the principle of selecting the first morpheme plays an important role

Human Papillomavirus Infection in Relation to Vaginal Microflora and Immune Factors

Objective: Clarify the vaginal microflora and immune factors in women with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and explore its association with HPV infection. Methods: This study collected vaginal secretions and blood from 160 women initially diagnosed as HPV positive in our hospital from June 2020 to December 2020 and 80 healthy women with HPV negative physical examination in the same period. The vaginal microflora of the patients were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and the expression of immune factors was measured by a high-performance liquid phase chip. Results: The different types of HPV were HPV mix (64,40%), HPV52 (39,24.375%), HPV16 (30,18.750%), HPV58 (18,11.250%), HPV18 (6,3.750%), HPV53 (1,0.625%), HPV55 (1,0.625%), and HPV68 (1,0.625%).α diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in vaginal microflora between different HPV types (P=0.733). The genus level abundance of vaginal microflora in each group was mainly Lactobacillus, followed by Gardnerella and Prevotella. LEfSe Analysis showed that the mix group was Gardnerella and the type HPV16 group was Streptococcus. The immune comparison showed that MIP-1β was significantly upregulated in the HPV-positive group, but EGF in the HPV-negative group. Conclusion: This study revealed that HPV infection can change the proportion of vaginal microbial bacteria and the expression of immune factors, which provides a basis for local vaginal treatment and prevention of HPV infection after HPV infection

Design and Performance of Anticracking Asphalt-Treated Base

To enhance the crack resistance of asphalt-treated base (ATB), a type of gapped and semiopened gradation ATB mixture, GSOG, was designed. Its design method was proposed based on the volume design method and performance tests. Firstly, several gradations were designed preliminarily in which middle particle sizes of coarse aggregates were partially or completely gapped according to the gradation specification. Secondly, their voids in coarse aggregates (VCA) were determined through dry rod compaction test on coarse aggregates, and then their theoretical voids were calculated. Gradations whose theoretical voids met the requirements were selected to fabricate specimens with Superpave Gyratory Compactor, and their voids were determined using vacuum sealing method and submerged weight in water method. Finally, gradations whose voids meet requirements were selected to fabricate different types of specimens for various performance tests, and the optimal gradation can be selected comprehensively considering their performances, especially focusing on their crack resistance. According to this gradation design method, the gradation of GSOG-25 was designed, and its performances, including high-temperature stability, water stability, fatigue, and antireflection crack resistance, were measured and compared to ordinary ATB-25. The results demonstrate that the performance of GSOG-25 is much better than that of ordinary ATB-25, especially in anticracking capacity

Analysis of Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Feasibility of Mitigations Options for Dairy Farms in China

Climate change has gained increased attention all over the world. Dairy farming is a significant contributor to the emission of greenhouse gas emissions that cause climate change. This has prompted international dairy sectors to develop plans to reduce the greenhouse gas emission from dairy farming. The Chinese dairy sector is also exploring how to contribute to that reduction, while responding to the growing domestic demand for dairy products. In this study, we collected and analyzed technical data including greenhouse gas emissions of a pilot group of 15 farms where a greenhouse gas reduction method will be tested in the future. Next to that, we held a survey among farmers and stakeholders about the feasibility of mitigation options to reduce greenhouse gases. This was to explore how farmers will respond to recommended mitigation options. The results show that farmers with different herd sizes and different types of stakeholders have different opinions about the feasibility and attractiveness of mitigation options. The results are useful insights to further prepare the application of the tailored made approach to come to dairy farms that combine efficiency with low green house gas emisions

Oxidative Stress Activated by Sorafenib Alters the Temozolomide Sensitivity of Human Glioma Cells Through Autophagy and JAK2/STAT3-AIF Axis

The development of temozolomide (TMZ) resistance in glioma leads to poor patient prognosis. Sorafenib, a novel diaryl urea compound and multikinase inhibitor, has the ability to effectively cross the blood-brain barrier. However, the effect of sorafenib on glioma cells and the molecular mechanism underlying the ability of sorafenib to enhance the antitumor effects of TMZ remain elusive. Here, we found that sorafenib could enhance the cytotoxic effects of TMZ in glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the combination of sorafenib and TMZ induced mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) translocation from mitochondria to nuclei, and this process was dependent on STAT3 inhibition. Moreover, the combination of sorafenib and TMZ inhibited JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 translocation to mitochondria. Inhibition of STAT3 activation promoted the autophagy-associated apoptosis induced by the combination of sorafenib and TMZ. Furthermore, the combined sorafenib and TMZ treatment induced oxidative stress while reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance reversed the treatment-induced inhibition of JAK2/STAT3. The results indicate that sorafenib enhanced the temozolomide sensitivity of human glioma cells by inducing oxidative stress-mediated autophagy and JAK2/STAT3-AIF axis

Effects of alkaline mineral complex supplementation on production performance, serum variables, and liver transcriptome in calves

Calf diarrhea causes huge economic losses to livestock due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Alkaline mineral complex water is an alkaline solution containing silicon, sodium, potassium, zinc, and germanium, and has biological benefits and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on the health of calves and to investigate the effect of Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on neonatal calf serum variables and the liver transcriptome. Sixty Holstein calves (age 1.88 ± 0.85 days, weight 36.63 ± 3.34 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the T group (treatment group with alkaline mineral complex water supplemented during the experiment) and C group (control group without alkaline mineral complex water supplementation). Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation significantly increased the body weight for calves aged 60 d and average daily gain during the experimental period (1–60 d). In addition, Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation could significantly decrease the diarrhea rate for calves aged 16–30 d, enhance the T-AOC, IgG, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 in concentrations. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis in transcriptomics indicate that Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation inhibited the target IL-1B gene of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway of liver. Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation decreased calf diarrhea and improved partial immune function, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant capacity, and health of calves. Alkaline mineral complex is a candidate to replace medicated feed additives. Alkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex water