Subcelluar localization of orf126 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus

In order to explore the mechanism of orf126 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedro virus, the subcellular localization of ORF126 was conducted. The egfp gene was fused with the C-terminal of orf126 genes, BmN cells were transfected with different plasmid DNA and the superinfection were performed at 12 h post transfection. The fluorescence was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy at different time point after transfection. The results show that EGFP protein was uniformly present throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus either in expression alone or superinfection, however, the fluorescence of EGFP linked to ORF126s were present barely in the cytoplasm.Key words: BmNPV, orf126, transient expression, subcellular localization

Atomic structure, energetics, and dynamics of topological solitons in Indium chains on Si(111) surfaces

Based on scanning tunneling microscopy and first-principles theoretical studies, we characterize the precise atomic structure of a topological soliton in In chains grown on Si(111) surfaces. Variable-temperature measurements of the soliton population allow us to determine the soliton formation energy to be ~60 meV, smaller than one half of the band gap of ~200 meV. Once created, these solitons have very low mobility, even though the activation energy is only about 20 meV; the sluggish nature is attributed to the exceptionally low attempt frequency for soliton migration. We further demonstrate local electric field-enhanced soliton dynamics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Sustainable multicomponent indole synthesis with broad scope

The most preferred heterocyclic indole core was de novo assembled by an innovative 2-step reaction from inexpensive and broadly available anilines, glyoxal dimethyl acetal, formic acid and isocyanides involving an Ugi multicomponent reaction followed by an acid induced cyclization. As opposed to many other indoles syntheses, our method delivers under mild and benign conditions using ethanol as solvent and no metal catalyst. The scope of the reactions was scouted and 20 derivatives are described

Fluorene-Based Multicomponent Reactions

Fluorene and fluorenone are privileged structures with extensive utility in both materials science and drug discovery. Here, we describe syntheses of those moieties through isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) and the incorporation of the products in diverse and complex derivatives that can be further utilized. We performed six different IMCRs, based on the dual functionality of 9-isocyano-9H-fluorene, and we describe 23 unprecedented adducts

A multicomponent tetrazolo indole synthesis

The ubiquitous presence of the indole fragment in natural products and drugs asks for ever novel syntheses. We report an unprecedented mild, two-step synthesis of 2-tetrazolo substituted indoles based on the Ugi-tetrazole reaction combined with an acidic ring closure. A gram-scale synthesis, a bioactive compound and further transformations were performed

Heterogeneity in Earning Management of Listed Companies Following International Financial Reporting Standards Convergence: A Developing Country Experiences

This study examines the earning management behavior of Sri Lankan firms following IFRS convergence. Moreover, we investigate whether the earning management following IFRS convergence is similar across different companies. We separately evaluate the companies based on size, auditor type, and performance to see whether these factors can moderate earning management behavior. We collected the data from a sample of 160 companies that are listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) for the period spanning from 2008 to 2015. The period from 2008 to 2011 was the pre-IFRS convergence and the period after 2012 was the post-IFRS period. Following prior studies, we used several measures to capture the earning management around IFRS convergence. Especially, our measures aim to identify earning smoothing and managing towards earning target and thereby determining whether the firms have engaged in earning management and its increase and decrease. The results show that the earning management, in overall, has not decreased following IFRS convergence. However, our results indicate that the post-IFRS earning management is vary between companies. That is, large companies and companies with big four auditors experienced a decrease in earning management following IFRS convergence. Similarly, certain aspects of earning management of high performing companies is also found to have decreased in post-IFRS convergence. Finally, our findings provide important implications for regulators, investors and other corporate stakeholders. Keywords: Earnings Management, IFRS Convergence, Sri Lankan Firms JEL Classifications: M410, M480, C2, C3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.887

Low pressure CO2 hydrogenation to methanol over gold nanoparticles activated on a CeOx/TiO2 Interface

Capture and recycling of CO2 into valuable chemicals such as alcohols could help mitigate its emissions into the atmosphere. Due to its inert nature, the activation of CO2 is a critical step in improving the overall reaction kinetics during its chemical conversion. Although pure gold is an inert noble metal and cannot catalyze hydrogenation reactions, it can be activated when deposited as nanoparticles on the appropriate oxide support. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, it is shown that an electronic polarization at the metal-oxide interface of Au nanoparticles anchored and stabilized on a CeOx/TiO2 substrate generates active centers for CO2 adsorption and its low pressure hydrogenation, leading to a higher selectivity toward methanol. This study illustrates the importance of localized electronic properties and structure in catalysis for achieving higher alcohol selectivity from CO2 hydrogenation.U.S. Department of Energy DE-AC02- 98CH10886, DE-AC02-05CH11231Brookhaven National Laboratory DE-SC001270

Peroxide Antimalarial Drugs Target Redox Homeostasis in Plasmodium Falciparum Infected Red Blood Cells

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most lethal form of malaria. Peroxide antimalarials based on artemisinin underpin the frontline treatments for malaria, but artemisinin resistance is rapidly spreading. Synthetic peroxide antimalarials, known as ozonides, are in clinical development and offer a potential alternative. Here, we used chemoproteomics to investigate the protein alkylation targets of artemisinin and ozonide probes, including an analogue of the ozonide clinical candidate, artefenomel. We greatly expanded the list of proteins alkylated by peroxide antimalarials and identified significant enrichment of redox-related proteins for both artemisinins and ozonides. Disrupted redox homeostasis was confirmed by dynamic live imaging of the glutathione redox potential using a genetically encoded redox-sensitive fluorescence-based biosensor. Targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based thiol metabolomics also confirmed changes in cellular thiol levels. This work shows that peroxide antimalarials disproportionately alkylate proteins involved in redox homeostasis and that disrupted redox processes are involved in the mechanism of action of these important antimalarials

Microvessel changes after post-ischemic benign and malignant hyperemia: experimental study in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The present investigation was designed to elucidate the use of dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DCE pMRI) in characterizing hyperemia, including microvessel changes, and to examine whether DCE pMRI can predict benign or malignant hyperemia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by intraluminal suture placement. All rats were randomized to 4 groups: MCAO for 0.5 hours followed by saline treatment (10 ml/kg; group 1); MCAO for 3 hours followed by treatment with saline (group 2) or urokinase (25000 IU/kg; group 3); and MCAO for 6 hours followed by urokinase treatment (group 4). Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and relative maximum slope of increase of the signal intensity time curve (rMSI) were quantitatively analyzed from MRI. Microvessel diameter and blood-brain barrier disruption obtained by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were obtained for correlative study.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Benign hyperemia was noticed only in group 1; malignant hyperemia was seen in group 3. Although the rCBV of malignant hyperemia was slightly higher than in benign hyperemia (<it>P </it>> 0.05), the rMSI, on the other hand, was significantly lower (<it>P </it>< 0.05). Fluoro-isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran) extravasations, marked glial end-foot process swelling, and significant vasodilatation were seen in malignant hyperemia, while no or mild leakage of FITC-dextran and slight glial end-foot process swelling occurred in benign hyperemia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings indicate that DCE pMRI can characterize post-ischemic hyperemia and correlates well with microvascular damage.</p