Shared Collection Development, Digitization, and Owned Digital Collections

While library models already exist for sharing physical materials and joint licensing, this paper envisions an aspect of future collections involving a national digital collection owned, not licensed, by libraries. Collaborative collection development, digitization, and digital object management of owned collections can benefit societies in multiple ways, from expanding access to users otherwise unable to reach these materials, to preserving content even when disaster strikes, to reducing duplication of effort and expense in collection or digitization. This article will explore both the benefits of and the challenges to this type of collaboration

Piece by Piece Review of Digitize-and-Lend Projects Through the Lens of Copyright and Fair Use

Digitize-and-lend library projects can benefit societies in multiple ways, from providing information to people in remote areas, to reducing duplication of effort in digitization, to providing access to people with disabilities. Such projects contemplate not just digitizing library titles for regular patron use, but also allowing the digitized versions to be used for interlibrary loan (ILL), sharing within consortia, and replacing print copies at other libraries. Many of these functions are already supported within the analog world (e.g., ILL), and the digitize-and-lend concept is largely a logical outgrowth of technology, much like the transitioning from manual hand duplication of books to printing presses. The purpose of each function is to facilitate user access to information. Technology can amplify that access, but in doing so, libraries must also be careful not to upset the long established balance in copyright, where authors’ rights sit on the other side of the scale from public benefit. This article seeks to provide a primer on the various components in a digitize-and-lend project, explore the core copyright issues in each, and explain how these projects maintain the balance of copyright even as libraries take advantage of newer technologies

Why Print and Electronic Resources Are Essential to the Academic Law Library

Libraries have supported multiple formats for decades, from paper and microforms to audiovisual tapes and CDs. However, the newest medium, digital transmission, has presented a wider scope of challenges and caused library patrons to question the established and recognized multiformat library. Within the many questions posed, two distinct ones echo repeatedly. The first doubts the need to sustain print in an increasingly digital world, and the second warns of the dangers of relying on a still-developing technology. This article examines both of these positions and concludes that abandoning either format would translate into a failure of service to patrons, both present and future

Current-Voltage Characteristics of Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

Conduction in pristine conjugated polymers (other than polyacetylene) is by polaron hopping between sites corresponding to conjugation lengths. The strong increase of current $I$ with voltage $V$ observed for both emission-limited and ohmic contacts is due in large part to mobility increase as increasing field makes it more possible to overcome internal barriers, such as energy differences between sites. For emission-limited contacts an additional source of nonlinear increase of $I$ with increasing $V$ is greater ability to escpe return to the injecting electrode due to the image force. For ohmic contacts additional nonlinearity comes from space charge effects. We are able to fit $I$ vs. $V$ for electron or hole conduction in some poly($p$-phenylene vinylene), PPV, derivatives with ohmic contacts for reasonable values of the parameters involved.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX, 1 figure is aviable upon request, to be published in SPIE pro

Natural Dirac Neutrinos from Warped Extra Dimension

Dirac neutrinos arising from gauged discrete symmetry \`a la Krauss-Wilczek are implemented in the minimal custodial Randall-Sundrum model. In the case of a normal hierarchy, all lepton masses and mixing pattern can be naturally reproduced at the TeV scale set by the electroweak constraints, while simultanously satisfy bounds from lepton flavour violation. A nonzero neutrino mixing angle, $\theta_{13}$, is generic in the scenario, as well as the existence of sub-TeV right-handed Kaluza-Klein neutrinos, which may be searched for at the LHC.Comment: Talk given at the 2nd Young Researchers Workshop "Physics Challenges in the LHC Era", Frascati, May 10 and 13, 2010, 6 page

Entrainment of short-wavelength free-stream vortical disturbances in compressible and incompressible boundary layers

The fundamental difference between continuous modes of the Orr–Sommerfeld/Squire equations and the entrainment of free-stream vortical disturbances (FSVD) into the boundary layer has been investigated in a recent paper (Dong &amp; Wu, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 732, 2013, pp. 616–659). It was shown there that the non-parallel-flow effect plays a leading-order role in the entrainment, and neglecting it at the outset, as is done in the continuous-mode formulation, leads to non-physical features of ‘Fourier entanglement’ and abnormal anisotropy. The analysis, which was for incompressible boundary layers and for FSVD with a characteristic wavelength of the order of the local boundary-layer thickness, is extended in this paper to compressible boundary layers and FSVD with even shorter wavelengths, which are comparable with the width of the so-called edge layer. Non-parallelism remains a leading-order effect in the present scaling, which turns out to be more general in that the equations and solutions in the previous paper are recovered in the appropriate limit. Appropriate asymptotic solutions in the main and edge layers are obtained to characterize the entrainment. It is found that when the Prandtl number \mathit{Pr}<1, free-stream vortical disturbances of relatively low frequency generate very strong temperature fluctuations within the edge layer, leading to formation of thermal streaks. A composite solution, uniformly valid across the entire boundary layer, is constructed, and it can be used in receptivity studies and as inlet conditions for direct numerical simulations of bypass transition. For compressible boundary layers, continuous spectra of the disturbance equations linearized about a parallel base flow exhibit entanglement between vortical and entropy modes, namely, a vortical mode necessarily induces an entropy disturbance in the free stream and vice versa, and this amounts to a further non-physical behaviour. High Reynolds number asymptotic analysis yields the relations between the amplitudes of entangled modes.</jats:p

Lee-Yang Property and Gaussian multiplicative chaos

The Lee-Yang property of certain moment generating functions having only pure imaginary zeros is valid for Ising type models with one-component spins and XY models with two-component spins. Villain models and complex Gaussian multiplicative chaos are two-component systems analogous to XY models and related to Gaussian free fields. Although the Lee-Yang property is known to be valid generally in the first case, we show that is not so in the second. Our proof is based on two theorems of general interest relating the Lee-Yang property to distribution tail behavior.Comment: We changed the title to emphasize Gaussian multiplicative chaos. Theorem 11, giving criteria for when some zeros are not purely imaginary, has been considerably strengthened. This yields a correspondingly improved result for continuum complex Gaussian multiplicative chaos in Proposition 1