S.A.C.R.E.D : is there a mystery in learning? : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education (Adult Education), Massey University

Relationships are at the core of life for all human beings. Learning is also core to our development as people. So is there a connection between relationships and learning that needs to be acknowledged and understood in the learning experience for adult educators? This study combined the use of Grounded Theory with Photo Elicitation Interviewing, and Interactive Drawing. The power of placing the camera in the hands of the participants allowed the subsequent interviews using grounded theory methodology to be driven by interviewees. The use of grounded theory allowed the emergence of potential connection between relationships and learning. The use of interactive drawing fostered the encouragement of spontaneous creative expression and self-motivated learning for the third interview which confirmed the emerging theory. Angela, Justine, Coral, Gina and I. Participants gave permission for first name to be used in this thesis, except Angela which is a pseudonym. were the five participants of the study who came from diverse backgrounds of formal and informal learning. They participated in the process through telling their stories using photo elicitation and subsequent interviews where they made discoveries about the connection between relationships and learning. Six theoretical categories emerged from the coding data. These were synergy, authenticity, connectedness, reflection, empowerment and discovery. These were grouped together under the acronym of S.A.C.R.E.D. Each letter indicates a group that emerged in the coding process which had properties that were innate in the learning process. From this study there emerged a theory that there is a connection between relationship and learning. The depth of this relationship was mystical; it spoke of a communion that was S.A.C.R.E.D. in the adult learning process

The magnetoelectric effect in gallium iron oxide

Imperial Users onl

The significance of velocity exponents in identifying erosion-corrosion mechanisms

The modes of erosion-corrosion are diverse and may vary from being ''erosion-dominated'', where erosion of metal is the dominant process, to ''corrosion-dominated'', where erosion of oxide scale is the dominant process. The intermediate situation in which erosion of transient oxide is the predominant process is termed ''erosion-corrosion-dominated'' and describes the regime in which continual formation and removal of oxide occurs down to the scale/metal interface, This paper considers some of the recent erosion-corrosion data and evaluates the velocity exponents. The critical factors which affect velocity exponents in these environments are identified, and some general principles and provisos are outlined when attempting to use such a technique to identify the mechanism of erosion-corrosion on the material surface. It is shown that the velocity exponents derived for ''erosion-dominated'' conditions are similar to those evaluated for ''ductile'' erosion processes. However, for ''corrosion-dominated'' conditions the exponents are significantly lower than those derived for ''brittle'' erosion processes at room temperature. For ''erosion-corrosion-dominated'' conditions the situation is more complex with velocity exponents being strongly dependent on temperature, alloy composition and relationship between velocity and particle flux. It is concluded that velocity exponents may be used only in very specific cases to identify erosion-corrosion mechanisms as the relationship between erosion-corrosion rate and velocity is complex and is a function of a wide range of parameters

Extending boundaries: young people as action researchers

Action research is generally undertaken by adults as a process of systematic action planning and enquiry which can lead to improvements in aspects of their professional practices. This article challenges and extends conventional understanding of action research to show how young people, between the ages of 10 and 17, can interrogate and improve their own practices – both individually and collectively. Brief accounts of four case studies – three British and one South African – are presented, along the lines of a patchwork narrative. Each ‘patch’ in turn contributes to the later collation of a theme and ideas that ‘stitch’ the studies together

Review of \u3ci\u3eFarmers vs. Wage Earners: Organized Labor in Kansas, 1860-1960\u3c/i\u3e By R. Alton Lee

In Farmers vs. Wage Earners, R. Alton Lee seeks to uncover the hidden history of organized labor in his native state of Kansas. Historians of the sunflower state have long valorized the agricultural roots of Kansas while largely overlooking the contributions of working men and women to the region\u27s history. In this thorough and well-researched study, Lee attempts to redress this gap in historical knowledge and trace the development of the political, cultural, and economic boundaries that came to divide farmers from wage earners. The volume admirably documents the development of this antagonistic relationship while also providing a detailed outline of labor history in Kansas. Farmers vs. Wage Earners is organized chronologically, beginning with the 1877 railroad workers strike and proceeding through the growth of the Knights of Labor, the Progressive Era, the New Deal, World War II, and the right to work movement. In what is a large undertaking, Lee successfully explores workers\u27 struggles in the railroad industry, mining, itinerant farm labor, aeronautics, defense, oil, and meatpacking. He skillfully uses a variety of sources to document everything from political negotiation at the highest levels of government to the personal experiences of women working in airplane factories during World War II. Pieced together, these sources provide both a wide-ranging and intimate look at the story of organized labor in Kansas and probe the question of why farmers and laborers came to see their interests as diametrically opposed, despite the fact that in many instances their goals, objectives, and material interests were nearly identical. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries relations between farmers and wage earners in Kansas were fairly amicable. Lee argues that in both small rural communities and the emerging cities, residents tended to support one another in opposition to the outside influences of big business from the East. While solidarity among local people clearly benefited organized labor in Kansas, the failure of workers to apply this principle to nationwide struggles was to be a fatal flaw in their ability to articulate with the broader labor movement in the country

Alien Registration- Wood, Margaret A. (Danforth, Washington County)

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Relationships Among Orthographic Measures and Reading Achievement

As participants in an after school tutoring program, 29 second through fifth graders were administered subtests designed to measure visual processing and memory skills: Orthography, Visual Discrimination, Sound Symbol Learning, Letter Memory: Visual, and Rapid Symbol Naming from the Test of Dyslexia (McCallum & Bell, 2001); and Picture Recognition and Visual-Auditory Learning from the Woodcock-Johnson III-Cognitive Battery (WJIII; Woodcock, McGrew & Mather, 2001). Subtest scores were obtained from administration of achievement measures: Letter-Word Calling, Fluency, Passage Comprehension, and Spelling (Test of Dyslexia); Letter-Word Identification, Reading Fluency, Comprehension, and Spelling (WJIII-Achievement Battery); and the Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency (Mather, Hamill, Allen & Roberts, 2004). Zero-order correlational analyses were employed to demonstrate the relationships among the orthographic and achievement variables. Orthography, Letter Memory: Visual, and Rapid Symbol Naming from the Test of Dyslexia had mildly positive correlational relationships with achievement measures. In addition, stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to measure the extent to which the orthographic variables predict criterion achievement variables. TOD Rapid Symbol Naming was found to have predictive capabilities to all four achievement constructs: Sight word identification, fluency, comprehension, and spelling. WJIII Reading Fluency had three predictors: Orthography, Letter Memory: Visual, and Rapid Symbol Naming from the Test of Dyslexia

A study of the perception of the impact of modeling on the development of commitment to action in Decision Conferencing.

Managers are increasingly faced with making complex decisions in turbulent organisational environments. This has led to greater information processing demands. Increasingly organisations try to deal with this in such a way that many of these decisions are now made in a group environment. The increase in group decision making has generated a corresponding intensification in the interest in options available to support such decision making. One such approach is a Group Decision Support System (GDSS) referred to as Decision Conferencing. However, Decision Conferencing rests on the unsupported key premise that the computer modeling, which forms an intrinsic part of the process, leads to shared understanding and commitment - the stated goals of the process. The application of Decision Conferencing to important organizational issues continues, yet prior to this study its fundamental premise was both empirically unsupported and potentially under-theorised. This theory-building research demonstrates that the interface between these concepts is more complex than the literature suggests and that the concepts themselves are problematic. Shared understanding is essentially a dependent variable, with factors such as comprehension of the modeling process impacting on the degree to which this is developed. In addition, many aspects of commitment fall outside of the domain of the Decision Conference workshop e.g. the individual’s sense of responsibility and degree of commitment to their profession. The idea of commitment appears to fall more into the arena of managerial responsibility and change management and it is partly how the outcomes are managed after the Decision Conference which will be crucial to their implementation.Within this study it appears that the most a Decision Conference can offer is the ‘buy-in’ or constructive involvement of the individual participant; the assurance of an unassailable case to which all participants have contributed, for the adoption of the outcomes; and the confidence in the outcomes that this brings. All of this suggests that a higher order goal which subsumes these factors should be considered when re-conceptualising the Decision Conferencing experience. It is suggested here that Decision Quality is a more appropriate goal for the Decision Conferencing process. In essence this is an expansion of the existing ‘best bet’ concept already endorsed in the Decision Conferencing literature. The thesis presents a number of conditions for assuring decision quality e.g. a democratic environment for decision making; mutual respect and an encouragement of diversity. It is also argued that it falls to the facilitator to encompass all of these factors. Given the above, it is also suggested that it is appropriate to consider an alternative conceptualization of Decision Conferencing which facilitators of public sector groups might adopt. This revised conceptualization is drawn from complexity theory. Incorporating the findings from this study a more strongly theorised facilitation approach, entitled Quality Facilitation Practice (QFP) has been developed. Taking into account all of the above a revised model for Decision Conferencing in the public sector is presented, incorporating both QFP and the higher order goal of Decision Quality