Automatic thermal switch

An automatic thermal switch to control heat flow includes two thermally conductive plates and a thermally conductive switch saddle pivotally mounted to the first plate. A flexible heat carrier is connected between the switch saddle and the second plate. A phase-change power unit, including a piston coupled to the switch saddle, is in thermal contact with the first thermally conductive plate. A biasing element biases the switch saddle in a predetermined position with respect to the first plate. When the phase-change power unit is actuated by an increase in heat transmitted through the first place, the piston extends and causes the switch saddle to pivot, thereby varying the thermal conduction between the two plates through the switch saddle and flexible heat carrier. The biasing element, switch saddle, and piston can be arranged to provide either a normally closed or normally opened thermally conductive path between the two plates

Automatic thermal switch

An automatic thermal switch to control heat flow includes a first thermally conductive plate, a second thermally conductive plate and a thermal transfer plate pivotally mounted between the first and second plates. A phase change power unit, including a plunger connected to the transfer plate, is in thermal contact with the first thermally conductive plate. A biasing element, connected to the transfer plate, biases the transfer plate in a predetermined position with respect to the first and second plates. When the phase change power unit is actuated by an increase in heat transmitted through the first plate, the plunger extends and pivots the transfer plate to vary the thermal conduction between the first and second plates through the transfer plate. The biasing element, transfer plate and piston can be arranged to provide either a normally closed or normally open thermally conductive path between the first and second plates

A study of longitudianl oscillations of propellant tanks and wave propagations in feed lines. Part IV - Longitudinal oscillation of a propellant-filled flexible hemispherical tank

Longitudinal oscillation of propellant-filled flexible hemispherical tan

A study of longitudinal oscillations of propellant tanks and wave propagations in feed lines. Part I - One-dimensional wave propagation in a feed line

Longitudinal oscillations of propellant tanks and wave propagations in feed lines with streaming flui

Study of local flow conditions over a hemispherically blunted 25 deg cone for a shallow re-entry trajectory

Local flow conditions over hemispherically blunted 25 deg cone for shallow reentry trajector

Importance of individual feed records in breeding for feed efficiency in layer-type chickens

Individual records on feed consumption, body weight, and egg mass from 4909 pedigreed Single Comb White Leghorns from two populations, Q and R, were used to study the additional genetic gain in feed efficiency associated with individual feed consumption records. This was done by estimating the heritability of the residual component of feed consumption and by comparing selection indexes with and without records on individual feed consumption from all or a selected fraction of the individuals in a population;The residual component of feed consumption, defined as feed consumption statistically adjusted for body weight and egg mass, was moderately heritable in Q and R. Theoretically, the residual might be determined by genetic differences in digestive or metabolic efficiency or by behavioral traits i.e., feed wastage or physical activity;Inclusion of individual feed consumption information as a variable in a selection index is estimated to increase income over feed costs between 15 to 28 percent with truncation selection of the top 38 percent of the population. Using a selection index which includes body weight and egg mass at stage 1, followed by truncation selection of the top 16 percent of the remaining population using an index which includes body weight, egg mass, and feed consumption at stage 2 is estimated to increase income over feed costs by 7 to 20 percent;These findings imply that keeping individual feed consumption records on all or a selected fraction of the individuals in a population, will facilitate the genetic improvement of efficiency of feed utilization for egg production in layer-type chickens

Photoelectron spectra in strong-field ionization by a high frequency field

We analyze atomic photoelectron momentum distributions induced by bichromatic and monochromatic laser fields within the strong field approximation (SFA), separable Coulomb-Volkov approximation (SCVA), and ab initio treatment. We focus on the high frequency regime -- the smallest frequency used is larger than the ionization potential of the atom. We observe a remarkable agreement between the ab initio and velocity gauge SFA results while the velocity gauge SCVA fails to agree. Reasons of such a failure are discussed.Comment: Completely rewritten paper. Ionization by a two-color field is adde