Variation of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) Receptor Gene Based on Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) in Indonesian Friesian Holstein Dairy Cattle

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor gene is response to bacterial invasion, endothelial and epithelial cells by release the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). IL-8 mediates neutrophil function, allowing neutrophils to resolve bacterial infections by migrating through blood vessel walls and to the site of infection. IL-8 also impacts neutrophil killing and survival ability during the inflammatory response. Genes that associated with neutrophil function also has potency as a genetic marker for mastitis disease, the migration of neutrophil from blood to infections side is essentially to detect the mastitis pathogen in general. It has been known that mastitis disease was the major problem in dairy cattle industry since influencing the milk quality, especially in bacterial content. The aim of this research is to detect the variation of IL-8 receptor gene in Indonesian Frisien Holstein (FH) dairy cattle which keep by farmer at Pujon District of Malang Regency. DNA genom was extracted from whole blood cells by standart phenol-chloroform methods. PCR reaction was done by using genomic DNA as a template while primer was the set of nucleotide that flanking IL-8 receptor gene. Polymorphism analysis of IL-8 receptor gene was based on number and frequency of SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) pattern of PCR products. From research result showed that was found five patterns of SCCP from IL-8 receptor gene of Indonesian FH which came from Pujon District, Malang Regency. This is also illustrated that of IL-8 receptor gene of Indonesian FH dairy cattle was enough polymorphism. The number pattern of SSCP-1 and SSCP-2 were found higher than others. Also, those patterns less than 50 % of samples were suspected as sub clinical mastitis. It means that this preliminary study showed that SSCP-1 and SSCP-2 patterns could be as a candidate marker for mastitis resistance of Indonesian FH dairy cattle. While others patterns could be used in determination of IL-8 receptor gene polymorphism of Indonesian FH dairy cattle based on SCCP patterns. This is important because we need this data for completing the genetic variation of Indonesian cattle data base. (Animal Production 12(2): 118-123 (2010

Y Chromosome Microsatellites Variation in Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus) Population

Seven Y chromosome specific microsatellites were typed in a sample of 36 unrelated males from Bali cattle breed. Analysis variation of microsatellites marker in Bali cattle were determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, and INRA 189).  PCR products were separated by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus.  From two different geographical breed origin showed that Bali cattle from Bali island has higher heterozygous (h=0.33) level than Lombok island (h=0.30), but the number of allele was few (only two alleles) in all of locus. It is indicated that Bali cattle from two geographical origins were not significant in genetic variation. We know that Y chromosomal microsatellite in general has tend to specific allele in breed comparing to autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. FAO has specified that minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds and this study we only used one breed, so it may not significantly to discriminate in Bali cattle population.  For next study we need more Y chromosomal microsatellite marker to discriminate more Indonesian breeds related to tracing the genetic potential and because males animal has roles in genetic spreading which can have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations. (Animal Production 11(3): 149-154 (2009) Key Words : Bali cattle , Y chromosome, microsatellite, allel

The Genetic Variation of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus) Based on Sex Related Y Chromosome Gene

Bali cattle is very popular Indonesian local beef related to their status in community living process of farmers in Indonesia, especially as providers of meat and exotic animal. Bali cattle were able to adapt the limited environment and becoming local livestock that existed until recently.  In our early study by microsatellites showed that Bali cattle have specific allele. In this study we analyzed the variance of partly sex related Y (SRY) gene sequence in Bali cattle bull as a source of cement for Artificial Insemination (AI).  Blood from 17 two location of AI center, Singosari, Malang and Baturiti, Bali was collected and then extracted to get the DNA genome.  PCR reaction was done to amplify partially of SRY gene segment and followed by sequencing PCR products to get the DNA sequence of SRY gene. The SRY gene sequence was used to determine the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship.  We found that Bali cattle bull from Singosari has relatively closed genetic relationship with Baturiti. It is also supported that in early data some Bali bulls of Singosari were came from Baturiti. It has been known that Baturiti is the one source of Bali cattle bull with promising genetic potential. While, in general that Bali bull where came from two areas were not different on reproductive performances. It is important to understand about the genetic variation of Bali cattle in molecular level related to conservation effort and maintaining the genetic characters of the local cattle. So, it will not become extinct or even decreased the genetic quality of Indonesian indigenous cattle. Key Words : Bali cattle, SRY gene, artificial insemination, phylogenetic, allele Animal Production 13(3):150-155 (2011

Y Chromosome Microsatellites Variation in Bali Cattle (Bos Sondaicus) Population

Seven Y chromosome specific microsatellites were typed in a sample of 36 unrelated males from Bali cattle breed. Analysis variation of microsatellites marker in Bali cattle were determinate from PCR products by using 7 primer pairs that flanking microsatellites (INRA008, INRA057, INRA062, INRA124, INRA126, DYS 199, and INRA 189). PCR products were separated by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and silver staining method was used to detect allele polymorphism at each locus. From two different geographical breed origin showed that Bali cattle from Bali island has higher heterozygous (h=0.33) level than Lombok island (h=0.30), but the number of allele was few (only two alleles) in all of locus. It is indicated that Bali cattle from two geographical origins were not significant in genetic variation. We know that Y chromosomal microsatellite in general has tend to specific allele in breed comparing to autosomal chromosome, because allele come from only male or Y sex chromosome and it contrary to autosomal chromosome where allele is contributed from male and female. FAO has specified that minimum four distinct alleles per locus for proficient judgment of genetic differences between breeds and this study we only used one breed, so it may not significantly to discriminate in Bali cattle population. For next study we need more Y chromosomal microsatellite marker to discriminate more Indonesian breeds related to tracing the genetic potential and because males animal has roles in genetic spreading which can have an enormous impact on highly selected domestic animal populations. (Animal Production 11(3): 149-154 (2009

Implementasi Kebijakan Kartu Tanda Penduduk Elektronik (E-ktp) Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Denpasar Utara Provinsi Bali

Implementation of the regulations of Law No. 24 of 2013 on the Amendment of Law No. 23 Year 2006 concerning Population Administration has been implemented in Denpasar, in particular in North Denpasar District. However, after the handover of authority from the central government to local governments beginning of 2015, there are still obstacles in the implementation of e-ID card at the Department of Population and Civil Registration and record personal data in Denpasar District Office North. Problems that occur due to the limited number of forms provided by the Ministry of the Interior to the Department of Population and Civil Registration Denpasar, so far the implementation of e-ID in the Denpasar District North unresolved. This policy is expected to realize the implementation of the e-ID card program in North Denpasar District optimally. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. To obtain the data, researchers conducted observations of spaciousness to see the phenomenon of direct and conduct interviews to sources associated with the implementation of e-ID card policy at Denpasar District North. The conclusion of this study are the factors which resulted in the completion of e-ID in the Denpasar District North, caused by communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structures that are not running optimally

The Genetic Variation of Bali Cattle (Bos Javanicus) Based on Sex Related Y Chromosome Gene

Bali cattle is very popular Indonesian local beef related to their status in community living process of farmers in Indonesia, especially as providers of meat and exotic animal. Bali cattle were able to adapt the limited environment and becoming local livestock that existed until recently. In our early study by microsatellites showed that Bali cattle have specific allele. In this study we analyzed the variance of partly sex related Y (SRY) gene sequence in Bali cattle bull as a source of cement for Artificial Insemination (AI). Blood from 17 two location of AI center, Singosari, Malang and Baturiti, Bali was collected and then extracted to get the DNA genome. PCR reaction was done to amplify partially of SRY gene segment and followed by sequencing PCR products to get the DNA sequence of SRY gene. The SRY gene sequence was used to determine the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship. We found that Bali cattle bull from Singosari has relatively closed genetic relationship with Baturiti. It is also supported that in early data some Bali bulls of Singosari were came from Baturiti. It has been known that Baturiti is the one source of Bali cattle bull with promising genetic potential. While, in general that Bali bull where came from two areas were not different on reproductive performances. It is important to understand about the genetic variation of Bali cattle in molecular level related to conservation effort and maintaining the genetic characters of the local cattle. So, it will not become extinct or even decreased the genetic quality of Indonesian indigenous cattle

Efisiensi Sistem E-procurement dalam Pelelangan Umum Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa (Studi Kasus: Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Provinsi Bali)

E-procurement system in the procurement of government goods / services is essential to improve the efficiency of the procurement process, this is the purpose and principles of procurement process government goods / services, including the Public Works Department of Bali Province as one SKPD Bali Province who have used the e-procurement system in the procurement process. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency as well as the constraints of e-procurement system in the procurement of government goods / services performed particularly of Public Works Department of Bali Province. This type of research is using descriptive qualitative approach. Source data used are primary data and secondary data. The results of the analysis of the findings and conclusions of research are e-procurement system in the procurement of goods / services conducted by the Public Works Department of Bali Province has been run in full and more efficient than the conventional way. This is evidenced by the results of the field survey and data procurement conducted by the Public Works Department of Bali Province in particular prone years. But it need to increase the use of electronic systems in other procurement methods, as well as the development of the server to operate the system that are not easily hacked or suffer other server error, given the e-procurement system based online. So that in the future, e-procurement system will be more efficient and transparent in accordance with the principles and objectives