the experience of Myanmar (1988-2015)

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2017The main objective of this paper is to observe the fiscal deficit and its impact on inflation for Myanmar and examine whether fiscal deficit effect directly or indirectly on inflation by using an econometric model for the period 1988-2015. The fiscal deficit in Myanmar continues to deteriorate and pose the long lasting for the growth in the longer time horizon. This study tried to examine the budget deficit’s impact on inflation not only in the long run but also in the short run. The long and short run estimations are investigated using Engle-Granger co-integration technique and error correction model. Two variables including Budget deficit to GDP ratio and inflation are used in this analysis. The data is collected from the Ministry of Finance and the World Bank. Through the analysis findings show that Growth in deficits positively Granger causes inflation. That’s why this observation concluded that the inflation causes the budget deficit and the budget deficit causes the inflation. There is bidirectional causal relationship in both inflation variable and budget deficit variable and exists a long run relationship between budget deficit and inflation from Engle-Granger cointegration test. Therefore, monetary and fiscal policy needs to coordinate with each other for curbing the inflation.Chapter One. Introduction Chapter Two. Overview of the Myanmar’s Monetary Policy and Macroeconomic Trends Chapter Three. Literature Review Chapter Four. Methodology Chapter Five. Empirical Results and Discussions Chapter Six. Conclusion and Policy RecommendationsmasterpublishedTHANDAR WIN

Graphene is neither Relativistic nor Non-Relativistic case: Thermodynamics Aspects

Discovery of electron hydrodynamics in graphene system has opened a new scope of analytic calculations in condensed matter physics, which was traditionally well cultivated in science and engineering as a non-relativistic hydrodynamics and in high energy nuclear and astro physics as relativistic hydrodynamics. Electrons in graphene follow neither non-relativistic nor relativistic hydrodynamics and thermodynamics. Present article has gone through systematic microscopic calculations of thermodynamical quantities like pressure, energy density, etc. of electron-fluid in graphene and compared with corresponding estimations for non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic cases. Identifying the Dirac fluid and Fermi liquid domains, we have sketched the transition of temperature and Fermi energy dependency of electron thermodynamics for graphene and other cases. An equivalent transition for quark matter is also discussed. The most exciting part is the general expression of specific heat, whose Fermi to Dirac fluid domain transition can be realized as a transition from a solid-based to a fluid-based picture. This understanding may be connected to the experimentally observed Wiedemann-Franz Law violation in the Dirac fluid domain of graphene system.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure

An analysis of benefits to women from different financial services : case study in Meiktila district, Mandalay region

This analysis focuses on women’s inclusion in financial services, and the factors that influence their ability to access financial resources. It traces patterns in the development of, and access to microcredit programs and their effects on women’s (and their children’s) lives. Women in the Mandalay region of Myanmar were interviewed (2019) regarding microcredit financing and access, the effects on poverty reduction, women’s empowerment, and any social benefits accrued through an increase in household income

Age Related Changes in Hematological Values of Myanmar Local Puppies

The hematological parameters were used to monitor the health status and its components also changed according to the ages. However, there were no reports for this issues in Myanmar local dogs. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the age-related changes on the hematological parameters of local puppies in Myanmar. Ten local puppies with the age of 2-3 month old were used in this experiment, which was lasted for 8 weeks.The daily clinical examinations were conducted throughout the entire experimental period for general health check-up. Haematological parameters (Total WBC count and its differential counts, and RBC, HCT, MCV, HGB, MCH, MCHC and platelets) were measured bi-weekly with Abacus Vet-5 automate haematology analyser. According to the results, the total WBC and eosinophil counts were not significantly different (P>0.05), while lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and basophils were significantly different (P<0.05) with the aging of experimental animals. The values of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC and platelets were not significantly different (P>0.05) throughout the experimental periods. Thus, the age-related changes were observed on cell counts of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, basophils in Myanmar local puppies

Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

IMPACT OF GENDER ON RICE PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS IN MAUBIN AND DAIK U TOWNSHIPS

Marginal resource productivity and livelihoods by gender in rice production were studied in Maubin and Daik U Townships. Eighty-three male-headed households and fifty-five female-headed households were collected from Maubin and Daik U Townships by using purposive random sampling method. The results showed that 47% of male household heads was in the active age (35-50 years) while female household heads (40%) were in the older age group (51-65 year). About 91.6% of male household heads were still married whereas half of female household heads were widows and singles. It was found that the main income source of both types of households was crop income and the second was non-farm income. About 40% of female-headed households had earned above the average annual income whereas 33.7% of male-headed households generated income above the average income. Sin Thu Kha, HnanKar and Hmawbi-2 were the economically important rice varieties in monsoon rice production. The t-test showed that there were no significant differences between the benefit-cost ratios of Sin Thu Kha (1.18, 1.26), HnanKar (1.16, 1.12) and Hmawbi-2 (1.11, 1.13) respectively in both male and female-headed households in monsoon rice production. Results showed that the marginal productivity of sown areas, seed rate, fertilizer, family labor and hired labor for male-headed households were higher than those of female-headed households, while the marginal productivity of machinery used for female-headed households was higher than those of male-headed households. Institutional and cultural practices need to be allowed female households' heads to have equal access with productive resources and technological services to improve rural livelihoods. Adequate credit amounts should be made accessible for rice farming of both headed households through the creations of well-structured and functional rural agricultural microfinance institutions in the study areas

Multi-band microwave bandpass filters for wireless communication

This project is mainly focused on understanding of the knowledge of microstrip line and filters as well as the usage of simulation software Sonnet Lite. The main objective of this research is to analyze and design a class of dual-band filters using Step Impedance Resonator (SIR) and Parallel Coupled Microstrip Line (PCML). Characterized by both theoretical analysis and simulation, the SIR and PCML are found to have several unique advantages in design of this type of filters. The SIR consists of three sections with middle section’s impedance different from the side sections. With the appropriate PCML width and length paired at the two sides of this SIR, a dual-band filter can be constructed with varied dual-passpand performance. Following the initial theoretical circuit-based, a few dual-band filters are successfully designed via Sonnet Lite software.Bachelor of Engineerin

Design and simulation of silicon optoelectronic integrated circuits

Advances in optical data storage technology have been so rapid over the past several decades for a wide range of PC and consumers electronics applications. In this new millennium, the BD (blu-ray disc) technology, the next generation to CD and DVD, using blue laser light (405nm) was introduced recently. BD technology is superior to first two generations for its higher storage capacity, usability for data storage and high-definition content delivery and backward compatibility. A main component of the blu-ray disc system, the optical pick-up unit (OPU), requires a PDIC (photodetector integrated circuit) consisting of photodetector and preamplifier. In this final year project, two main components of PDIC used in optical pick-up unit of blu-ray disc system, photodiodes and preamplifiers consisting of transimpedance amplifier(TIA) and limiting amplifier(LA), has been designed and simulated. During the project, the student learned the overview of optical storage device systems and theory of transimpedance amplifier and limiting amplifier and design and process of photodiodes. The TIA and LA have been designed using the TSMC 0.18 um CMOS technology in the Cadence Virtuoso Custom Design Platform. A bandwidth of TIA is larger than 2.02 GHz and a gain of 77dB have been achieved, and after integrated with limiting amplifier, the bandwidth is around 10GHz and the output voltage has reached to more than hundreds with the input current signal of about 1uA. After that, the fabrication ready layout of TIA circuit with photodiodes and metal pads and limiting amplifier circuit have also been generated. Besides, the various designs of photodiodes are designed and simulated in Taurus Tsuprem4 and Medici. The complete fabrication steps have been simulated with the variation in process parameters and device structures. Furthermore, the current-voltage behaviors, transient behavior and frequency response have also been obtained from device simulation. The effects of substrate doping and device structure have been studied. The suggested improvements and works are also provided for the further development.Bachelor of Engineerin

Analyzing Customer Buying Habits Using Transaction Data

Data mining is the process of digging trough large files and databases to discover useful, non-obvious and often unexpected trends and relationships. Association rules are popular representations in data mining. It finds interesting association or correlation relationships among large set of data items. Most of the recent years, a very influential association rule mining algorithm, Apriori, has been used. It is to find frequent patterns, which produces candidate generation and multiple scans of database. Therefore, it is time consuming. Frequent pattern mining (FP-growth), is another milestone in development of association rules mining, which breaks the main bottlenecks of the Apriori. The frequent itemsets are generated with only two passes over the database and without any candidate generation process. This paper presents user buying habits using the sales transaction of stationery and FP-growth algorithm in association rule mining which is efficient and without candidate generation