12,834 research outputs found
Sediment management for Southern California mountains, coastal plains and shoreline
The Environmental Quality Laboratory at Caltech and the Shore
Processes Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography have jointly
undertaken a study of regional sediment balance problems in coastal
southern California (see map in Figure 1). The overall objective in
this study is to define specific alternatives in sediment management that
may be implemented to alleviate a) existing sediment imbalance problems
(e.g. inland debris disposal, local shoreline erosion) and b) probable
future problems that have not yet manifested themselves. These
alternatives will be identified through a consideration of economic,
legal, and institutional issues as well as an analysis of governing
physical processes and engineering constraints.
The first part of this study (Phase I), which is currently under
way, involves a compilation and analysis of all available data in
an effort to obtain an accurate definition of the inland/coastal
regional sediment balance under natural conditions, and specific
quantitative effects man-made controls have on the overall natural process.
During FY77, substantial progress was made at EQL and SPL in
achieving the objectives of the initial Planning and Assessment Phase
of the CIT/SIO Sediment Management Project. Financial support came
from Los Angeles County, U.S. Geological Survey, Orange County,
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and discretionary funding provided by
a grant from the Ford Foundation. The current timetable for completion
of this phase is Fall 1978.
This report briefly describes the project status, including
general administration, special activities, and research work as of
January 1978
Effects of dams on beach sand supply
In 1975 a regional sediment management study was initiated as a joint applied research project of the Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and the Shore Processes Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The project is a broad-based, long-term multidisciplinary effort intended to define the regional
sediment budget for coastal Southern California (Figure 1), and to quantify the effects of various human activities on changes in that budget
Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment
Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment
Sediment Management for Southern California Mountians, Coastal Plains and Shoreline. Part D: Special Inland Studies
In southern California the natural environmental system involves the continual relocation of sedimentary materials. Particles are eroded from inland areas where there is sufficient relief and, precipitation. Then, with reductions in hydraulic gradient along the stream course and at the shoreline, the velocity of surface runoff is reduced and there is deposition. Generally, coarse sand, gravel and larger particles are deposited near the base of the eroding surfaces (mountains and hills) and the finer sediments are deposited on floodplains, in bays or lagoons, and at the shoreline as delta deposits. Very fine silt and clay particles, which make up a significant part of the eroded material, are carried offshore where they eventually deposit in deeper areas. Sand deposited at the shoreline is gradually moved along the coast by waves and currents, and provides nourishment for local beaches. However, eventually much of this littoral material is also lost to offshore areas. Human developments in the coastal region have substantially altered the natural sedimentary processes, through changes in land use, the harvesting of natural resources (logging, grazing, and sand and gravel mining); the construction and operation of water conservation facilities and flood control structures; and coastal developments. In almost all cases these developments have grown out of recognized needs and have well served their primary purpose. At the time possible deleterious effects on the local or regional sediment balance were generally unforeseen or were felt to be of secondary importance. In 1975 a large-scale study of inland and coastal sedimentation processes in southern California was initiated by the Environmental Quality Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology and the Center for Coastal Studies at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This volume is one of a series of reports from this study. Using existing data bases, this series attempts to define quantitatively inland and coastal sedimentation processes and identify the effects man has had on these processes. To resolve some issues related to long-term sediment management, additional research and data will be needed. In the series there are four Caltech reports that provide supporting studies for the summary report (EQL Report No. 17). These reports include: EQL Report 17-A Regional Geological History EQL Report 17-B Inland Sediment Movements by Natural Processes EQL Report 17-C Coastal Sediment Delivery by Major Rivers in Southern California EQL Report 17-D -- Special Inland Studies Additional supporting reports on coastal studies (shoreline sedimentation processes, control structures, dredging, etc.) are being published by the Center for Coastal Studies at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California
Layer by layer generation of cluster states
Cluster states can be used to perform measurement-based quantum computation.
The cluster state is a useful resource, because once it has been generated only
local operations and measurements are needed to perform universal quantum
computation. In this paper, we explore techniques for quickly and
deterministically building a cluster state. In particular we consider
generating cluster states on a qubus quantum computer, a computational
architecture which uses a continuous variable ancilla to generate interactions
between qubits. We explore several techniques for building the cluster, with
the number of operations required depending on whether we allow the ability to
destroy previously created controlled-phase links between qubits. In the case
where we can not destroy these links, we show how to create an n x m cluster
using just 3nm -2n -3m/2 + 3 operations. This gives more than a factor of 2
saving over a naive method. Further savings can be obtained if we include the
ability to destroy links, in which case we only need (8nm-4n-4m-8)/3
operations. Unfortunately the latter scheme is more complicated so choosing the
correct order to interact the qubits is considerably more difficult. A half way
scheme, that keeps a modular generation but saves additional operations over
never destroying links requires only 3nm-2n-2m+4 operations. The first scheme
and the last scheme are the most practical for building a cluster state because
they split up the generation into the repetition of simple sections.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figure
Semiclassical charged black holes with a quantized massive scalar field
Semiclassical perturbations to the Reissner-Nordstrom metric caused by the
presence of a quantized massive scalar field with arbitrary curvature coupling
are found to first order in \epsilon = \hbar/M^2. The DeWitt-Schwinger
approximation is used to determine the vacuum stress-energy tensor of the
massive scalar field. When the semiclassical perturbation are taken into
account, we find extreme black holes will have a charge-to-mass ratio that
exceeds unity, as measured at infinity. The effects of the perturbations on the
black hole temperature (surface gravity) are studied in detail, with particular
emphasis on near extreme ``bare'' states that might become precisely zero
temperature ``dressed'' semiclassical black hole states. We find that for
minimally or conformally coupled scalar fields there are no zero temperature
solutions among the perturbed black holes.Comment: 19 pages; 1 figure; ReVTe
Cooling of gas turbine IV : calculated temperature distribution in the trailing part of a turbine blade using direct liquid cooling
Gauge Invariant Variational Approach with Fermions: the Schwinger Model
We extend the gauge invariant variational approach of Phys. Rev. D52 (1995)
3719, hep-th/9408081, to theories with fermions. As the simplest example we
consider the massless Schwinger model in 1+1 dimensions. We show that in this
solvable model the simple variational calculation gives exact results.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur
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