Microclimate data

Recorded soil temperatures for two sets of sites in Europe, from two different periods. Accompanied by summaries of modelled climate data from public sources

Appendix A. Mathematical definitions and calculations showing how one can derive the generating functional (Eq. 12) of SNCPs.

Mathematical definitions and calculations showing how one can derive the generating functional (Eq. 12) of SNCPs

ANOVA results of the most parsimonious linear fixed effects model.

<p>Grass biomass is the dependent variable while fixed effects are distance from the base of the tree, tree height, and rainfall. The model includes random effects of individual trees, nested in tree species identity, nested within strings nested in geology (see statistical analysis). Significant p-values are bolded. The three-way interaction between Rainfall∶Distance∶Height as well as the two-way interaction between Distance∶Height were included in the maximal model but were simplified as non significant. According to our results, tree height is not a significant contributor <i>per se</i>, but the interaction between Rainfall∶Site is marginally significant. Thus, height is a potentially significant contributor depending on rainfall. Given the fact that <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0057025#pone-0057025-t002" target="_blank">Table 2</a> shows 2 two-way interactions as significant, (Rainfall∶Distance and Rainfall∶Height) we need two figures to assess this. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0057025#pone-0057025-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a> shows the relationship between Rainfall∶Distance and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0057025#pone-0057025-g002" target="_blank">Figure 2</a> between Rainfall∶Height.</p

Box and whisker box plots of tree heights in the different study sites (a).

<p>The solid line is the median, and the boxes are defined by the upper and lower quartile (25^th and 75^th percentiles). The whiskers extend up to 1.5 times the inter-quartile range of the data. The figure indicates that distribution of tree heights was not uneven between study sites. Relationship between average canopy diameter (m) and tree height (m) across all sampled trees (<b>b</b>). Average canopy diameter is the mean of canopy diameters measured along two perpendicular axes. Regression results indicate a tight relationship between canopy diameter and tree height, with taller trees having proportionally larger canopies regardless of species identities (adjusted R² = 53.8%, p<0.0001. CI: 95% confidence interval, PI: 95% predicted interval).</p

Brac 2006 - fish data

Brac 2006 - fish dat

Data_Sheet_2_The Mating System of the Wild-to-Domesticated Complex of Gossypium hirsutum L. Is Mixed.docx

<p>The domestication syndrome of many plants includes changes in their mating systems. The evolution of the latter is shaped by ecological and genetic factors that are particular to an area. Thus, the reproductive biology of wild relatives must be studied in their natural distribution to understand the mating system of a crop species as a whole. Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) includes both domesticated varieties and wild populations of the same species. Most studies on mating systems describe cultivated cotton as self-pollinated, while studies on pollen dispersal report outcrossing; however, the mating system of upland cotton has not been described as mixed and little is known about its wild relatives. In this study we selected two wild metapopulations for comparison with domesticated plants and one metapopulation with evidence of recent gene flow between wild relatives and the crop to evaluate the mating system of cotton’s wild-to-domesticated complex. Using classic reproductive biology methods, our data demonstrate that upland cotton presents a mixed mating system throughout the complex. Given cotton’s capacity for outcrossing, differences caused by the domestication process in cultivated individuals can have consequences for its wild relatives. This characterization of the diversity of the wild relatives in their natural distribution, as well as their interactions with the crop, will be useful to design and implement adequate strategies for conservation and biosecurity.</p

Data_Sheet_1_The Mating System of the Wild-to-Domesticated Complex of Gossypium hirsutum L. Is Mixed.docx

<p>The domestication syndrome of many plants includes changes in their mating systems. The evolution of the latter is shaped by ecological and genetic factors that are particular to an area. Thus, the reproductive biology of wild relatives must be studied in their natural distribution to understand the mating system of a crop species as a whole. Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) includes both domesticated varieties and wild populations of the same species. Most studies on mating systems describe cultivated cotton as self-pollinated, while studies on pollen dispersal report outcrossing; however, the mating system of upland cotton has not been described as mixed and little is known about its wild relatives. In this study we selected two wild metapopulations for comparison with domesticated plants and one metapopulation with evidence of recent gene flow between wild relatives and the crop to evaluate the mating system of cotton’s wild-to-domesticated complex. Using classic reproductive biology methods, our data demonstrate that upland cotton presents a mixed mating system throughout the complex. Given cotton’s capacity for outcrossing, differences caused by the domestication process in cultivated individuals can have consequences for its wild relatives. This characterization of the diversity of the wild relatives in their natural distribution, as well as their interactions with the crop, will be useful to design and implement adequate strategies for conservation and biosecurity.</p

Supplement 1. Primary data used for analyses of the frequency of pollination modes and data used for analyses of insect-pollinated plant species.

<h2>File List</h2><blockquote> <a href="f_pol_mod.txt">f_pol_mod.txt</a> - frequency of pollination modes<br> <a href="ins_pol_spec.txt">ins_pol_spec.txt</a> - insect-pollinated plant species </blockquote><h2>Description</h2><blockquote> <p>Data stored in txt files (semicolon delimited text files with header)</p> <p>f_pol_mod.txt<i> - Frequency of pollination modes</i></p> <p>Status: native; arch – archaeophyte; neo – neophyte; cas – casual; nat – naturalized; inv – invasive. Pollination mode: in – insect; wi – wind; se – self (ge - geitonogamy; kl – cleistogamy; pk – pseudocleistogamy; wa – water). See text for source data on habitat and grid cells numbers. Phylogeny is coded in CAIC format (Purvis and Rambaut 1995) and identifies the position of a species within the phylogeny. All branches with a common root are given successive letters A, B, C… The series of all letters at each bifurcation beginning from the root is the phylogenetic code.</p> <p>ins_pol_spec.txt<i> - Insect-pollinated plant species</i></p> <p>Status: native; arch – archaeophyte; neo – neophyte; cas – casual; nat – naturalized; inv – invasive. Pollination mode: in – insect; wi – wind; se – self (ge - geitonogamy; kl – cleistogamy; pk – pseudocleistogamy; wa – water). See text for sources of data on habitat and grid cells numbers, and on pollinator species numbers. Collumns bees...wasps show number of species in pollinator functional groups. </p> </blockquote

Appendix A. Relationship between the number of pollinator groups and the natural log of the number of grid cells occupied by a plant species.

Relationship between the number of pollinator groups and the natural log of the number of grid cells occupied by a plant species

Appendix D. Results of additional linear mixed-effects models testing for differences in the numbers of collected individuals and estimated species richness (ACE values) between the methods (observation plots, standardized transect walks, and pan trap) and habitat types.

Results of additional linear mixed-effects models testing for differences in the numbers of collected individuals and estimated species richness (ACE values) between the methods (observation plots, standardized transect walks, and pan trap) and habitat types