Using corpora to track changing thought styles: evidentiality, epistemology, and Early Modern English and German scientific discourse

Most research on evidentiality has focused on classifying evidential systems synchronically; meanwhile, diachronic studies on evidentiality seem to have focused on the development of specific items into evidential markers with little regard to discourse context. This paper begins to fill this gap by presenting the results of a corpus-based study of evidential markers in Early Modern scientific discourse in English and German. The Early Modern period witnessed the transition from scholastic-based models of science to more empirical models of enquiry; this study demonstrates a decrease in the use of markers of mediated information and an increase in the use of markers of direct observation and inference accompanying these sociohistorical developments

Evidentiality in early modern English medical treatises (1500-1700)

This study investigates diachronic trends in the use of evidential markers in Early Modern English medical treatises (1500-1700), with data drawn from the Corpus of Early Modern English Medical Texts. The state of medical thought and practice in Early Modern England is discussed, with particular focus on the changing role that Scholasticism played during this period. The nature of evidentiality and types of scholastic vs. non-scholastic evidence are given attention, and quantitative results are outlined. The results are then discussed in light of discursive and typological considerations

Germanic \u3ci\u3eFate\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eDoom\u3c/i\u3e in J.R.R. Tolkien\u27s \u3ci\u3eThe Silmarillion\u3c/i\u3e

The roots of Tolkien’s concepts in early Germanic understandings of the ideas of fate and doom are the subject of Whitt’s essay. Examines how these initially pagan notions were subsumed into the Christian idea of divine providence, and most notably blended together in the Old English Beowulf and Old Saxon Heliand, to provide a basis for understanding how even the Valar are subject to time and the fate decreed by Ilúvatar

Technology innovation hubs and policy engagement

Many technology innovation hubs are developing impactful, locally relevant civic tech solutions to pressing commercial and social issues. This research examines technology innovation hubs in Africa and Asia, discussing their latent, but recognised, potential to play a more overt role in promoting social change through contributing to the ‘thickening’ of local democratic space and policy cocreation. It concludes with a set of lessons for hubs, funders and policy-makers.DFIDUSAIDSIDAOmidyar Networ

Transport on complex networks: Flow, jamming and optimization

Many transport processes on networks depend crucially on the underlying network geometry, although the exact relationship between the structure of the network and the properties of transport processes remain elusive. In this paper we address this question by using numerical models in which both structure and dynamics are controlled systematically. We consider the traffic of information packets that include driving, searching and queuing. We present the results of extensive simulations on two classes of networks; a correlated cyclic scale-free network and an uncorrelated homogeneous weakly clustered network. By measuring different dynamical variables in the free flow regime we show how the global statistical properties of the transport are related to the temporal fluctuations at individual nodes (the traffic noise) and the links (the traffic flow). We then demonstrate that these two network classes appear as representative topologies for optimal traffic flow in the regimes of low density and high density traffic, respectively. We also determine statistical indicators of the pre-jamming regime on different network geometries and discuss the role of queuing and dynamical betweenness for the traffic congestion. The transition to the jammed traffic regime at a critical posting rate on different network topologies is studied as a phase transition with an appropriate order parameter. We also address several open theoretical problems related to the network dynamics

The Resonance Peak in Sr2_2RuO4_4: Signature of Spin Triplet Pairing

We study the dynamical spin susceptibility, $\chi({\bf q}, \omega)$, in the normal and superconducting state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. In the normal state, we find a peak in the vicinity of ${\bf Q}_i\simeq (0.72\pi,0.72\pi)$ in agreement with recent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments. We predict that for spin triplet pairing in the superconducting state a {\it resonance peak} appears in the out-of-plane component of $\chi$, but is absent in the in-plane component. In contrast, no resonance peak is expected for spin singlet pairing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, final versio

Dirty black holes: Entropy versus area

Considerable interest has recently been expressed in the entropy versus area relationship for ``dirty'' black holes --- black holes in interaction with various classical matter fields, distorted by higher derivative gravity, or infested with various forms of quantum hair. In many cases it is found that the entropy is simply related to the area of the event horizon: S = k A_H/(4\ell_P^2). For example, the ``entropy = (1/4) area'' law *holds* for: Schwarzschild, Reissner--Nordstrom, Kerr--Newman, and dilatonic black holes. On the other hand, the ``entropy = (1/4) area'' law *fails* for: various types of (Riemann)^n gravity, Lovelock gravity, and various versions of quantum hair. The pattern underlying these results is less than clear. This paper systematizes these results by deriving a general formula for the entropy: S = {k A_H/(4\ell_P^2)} + {1/T_H} \int_\Sigma [rho - {L}_E ] K^\mu d\Sigma_\mu + \int_\Sigma s V^\mu d\Sigma_\mu. (K^\mu is the timelike Killing vector, V^\mu the four velocity of a co--rotating observer.) If no hair is present the validity of the ``entropy = (1/4) area'' law reduces to the question of whether or not the Lorentzian energy density for the system under consideration is formally equal to the Euclideanized Lagrangian. ****** To appear in Physical Review D 15 July 1993 ****** [Stylistic changes, minor typos fixed, references updated, discussion of the Born-Infeld system excised]Comment: plain LaTeX, 17 pages, minor revision

Research Revisited: Cognitive Effects of Greek Affiliation in College: Additional Evidence

Previous research found broad based negative effects of fraternity/sorority affiliation on standardized measures of cognitive development after one year of college. Following the same sample, and employing essentially the same research design and analytic model, the present study found that the negative effects of fraternity/sorority affiliation were much less pronounced during the second or third years of college