Stressen inom läraryrket – en kvalitativ studie

Denna studie presenterar resultat från sex intervjuer av lärare inom gymnasiet och syftar till att undersöka deras uppfattning om lärarstress och stressorer inom yrket samt undersöka vilka metoder de använder för att hantera detta. Resultaten indikerar att lärarens stress sker beroende på deras engagemang, egen uppfattad arbetsbörda och personlig utveckling samt under tider med nationella prov och vid betygsättningar. De vanligaste stressorerna var den sociala kontakten med elever och kommunikationen med kollegor samt tiden till planering och feedback. Resultaten indikerade vidare att de intervjuade lärarna fick symptom som problem med sömnen, minskad kreativitet och svårigheter att skilja arbete från privatliv. Metoderna dessa lärare använde sig av för att hantera stressen var att prata med andra utanför skolans kontext samt att sysselsätta sig med annat på fritiden. Betydelsen studien har för läraryrket är att skapa en högre medvetenhet kring stressen och stressorernas ursprung samt att visa att träning i stresshantering behövs för att behålla lärare inom skolan. This study presents the results derived from six interviews conducted with teachers in the upper secondary school in Sweden about their perception on teacher stress and stressors. The purpose of the study is to review their perception on their own and which methods’ they use to handle their stress. The findings indicate that these teachers’ stress occurs depending on commitment, individual perceived workload and personal growth, and during times with national tests and grading. The most common stressors were social connections to students, communication between collegues and the time to planning and feedback. The Findings also indicated that the interviewed teachers’ symptoms from stress were sleepdistortions, loss of creativity and difficulty to distinguish professional from private life. The methods the interviewed teachers’ used to handle stress were to talk about it to others outside of their workplace and time to occupy the mind with non-school related activities. The effect this could create for the pedagogical community is higher conciousness about the origins of stress and that training over time is needed to help teachers’ stay in the school environment

Frequent blood flow restricted training not to failure and to failure induces similar gains in myonuclei and muscle mass

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of short-term high-frequency failure vs non-failure blood flow–restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on changes in satellite cells (SCs), myonuclei, muscle size, and strength. Seventeen untrained men performed four sets of BFRRE to failure (Failure) with one leg and not to failure (Non-failure; 30-15-15-15 repetitions) with the other leg using knee-extensions at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Fourteen sessions were distributed over two 5-day blocks, separated by a 10-day rest period. Muscle samples obtained before, at mid-training, and 10-day post-intervention (Post10) were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, and SC. Muscle size and echo intensity of m.rectus femoris (RF) and m.vastus lateralis (VL) were measured by ultrasonography, and knee extension strength with 1RM and maximal isometric contraction (MVC) up until Post24. Both protocols increased myonuclear numbers in type-1 (12%–17%) and type-2 fibers (20%–23%), and SC in type-1 (92%–134%) and type-2 fibers (23%–48%) at Post10 (p < 0.05). RF and VL size increased by 5%–10% in both legs at Post10 to Post24, whereas the MFA of type-1 fibers in Failure was decreased at Post10 (−10 ± 16%; p = 0.02). Echo intensity increased by 20% in both legs during Block1 (p < 0.001) and was 8 to 11% below baseline at Post24 (p = 0.001–0.002). MVC and 1RM decreased by 5%–10% after Block1, but increased in both legs by 6%–11% at Post24 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both short-term high-frequency failure and non-failure BFRRE induced increases in SCs, in myonuclei content, muscle size, and strength, concomitant with decreased echo intensity. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10–24 days after the training intervention. Our findings may shed light on the mechanisms involved in resistance exercise-induced overreaching and supercompensation

Frequent blood flow restricted training not to failure and to failure induces similar gains in myonuclei and muscle mass

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of short-term high-frequency failure vs non-failure blood flow–restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on changes in satellite cells (SCs), myonuclei, muscle size, and strength. Seventeen untrained men performed four sets of BFRRE to failure (Failure) with one leg and not to failure (Non-failure; 30-15-15-15 repetitions) with the other leg using knee-extensions at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Fourteen sessions were distributed over two 5-day blocks, separated by a 10-day rest period. Muscle samples obtained before, at mid-training, and 10-day post-intervention (Post10) were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, and SC. Muscle size and echo intensity of m.rectus femoris (RF) and m.vastus lateralis (VL) were measured by ultrasonography, and knee extension strength with 1RM and maximal isometric contraction (MVC) up until Post24. Both protocols increased myonuclear numbers in type-1 (12%–17%) and type-2 fibers (20%–23%), and SC in type-1 (92%–134%) and type-2 fibers (23%–48%) at Post10 (p < 0.05). RF and VL size increased by 5%–10% in both legs at Post10 to Post24, whereas the MFA of type-1 fibers in Failure was decreased at Post10 (−10 ± 16%; p = 0.02). Echo intensity increased by ~20% in both legs during Block1 (p < 0.001) and was ~8 to 11% below baseline at Post24 (p = 0.001–0.002). MVC and 1RM decreased by 5%–10% after Block1, but increased in both legs by 6%–11% at Post24 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both short-term high-frequency failure and non-failure BFRRE induced increases in SCs, in myonuclei content, muscle size, and strength, concomitant with decreased echo intensity. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10–24 days after the training intervention. Our findings may shed light on the mechanisms involved in resistance exercise-induced overreaching and supercompensation

Frequent blood flow restricted training not to failure and to failure induces similar gains in myonuclei and muscle mass

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of short-term high-frequency failure vs non-failure blood flow–restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) on changes in satellite cells (SCs), myonuclei, muscle size, and strength. Seventeen untrained men performed four sets of BFRRE to failure (Failure) with one leg and not to failure (Non-failure; 30-15-15-15 repetitions) with the other leg using knee-extensions at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM). Fourteen sessions were distributed over two 5-day blocks, separated by a 10-day rest period. Muscle samples obtained before, at mid-training, and 10-day post-intervention (Post10) were analyzed for muscle fiber area (MFA), myonuclei, and SC. Muscle size and echo intensity of m.rectus femoris (RF) and m.vastus lateralis (VL) were measured by ultrasonography, and knee extension strength with 1RM and maximal isometric contraction (MVC) up until Post24. Both protocols increased myonuclear numbers in type-1 (12%–17%) and type-2 fibers (20%–23%), and SC in type-1 (92%–134%) and type-2 fibers (23%–48%) at Post10 (p < 0.05). RF and VL size increased by 5%–10% in both legs at Post10 to Post24, whereas the MFA of type-1 fibers in Failure was decreased at Post10 (−10 ± 16%; p = 0.02). Echo intensity increased by 20% in both legs during Block1 (p < 0.001) and was 8 to 11% below baseline at Post24 (p = 0.001–0.002). MVC and 1RM decreased by 5%–10% after Block1, but increased in both legs by 6%–11% at Post24 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both short-term high-frequency failure and non-failure BFRRE induced increases in SCs, in myonuclei content, muscle size, and strength, concomitant with decreased echo intensity. Intriguingly, the responses were delayed and peaked 10–24 days after the training intervention. Our findings may shed light on the mechanisms involved in resistance exercise-induced overreaching and supercompensation