Genomic prediction of the recombination rate variation in barley - A route to highly recombinogenic genotypes

Meiotic recombination is not only fundamental to the adaptation of sexually reproducing eukaryotes in nature but increased recombination rates facilitate the combination of favourable alleles into a single haplotype in breeding programmes. The main objectives of this study were to (i) assess the extent and distribution of the recombination rate variation in cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), (ii) quantify the importance of the general and specific recombination effects, and (iii) evaluate a genomic selection approach’s ability to predict the recombination rate variation. Genetic maps were created for the 45 segregating populations that were derived from crosses among 23 spring barley inbreds with origins across the world. The genome‐wide recombination rate among populations ranged from 0.31 to 0.73 cM/Mbp. The crossing design used in this study allowed to separate the general recombination effects (GRE) of individual parental inbreds from the specific recombination effects (SRE) caused by the combinations of parental inbreds. The variance of the genome‐wide GRE was found to be about eight times the variance of the SRE. This finding indicated that parental inbreds differ in the efficiency of their recombination machinery. The ability to predict the chromosome or genome‐wide recombination rate of an inbred ranged from 0.80 to 0.85. These results suggest that a reliable screening of large genetic materials for their potential to cause a high extent of genetic recombination in their progeny is possible, allowing to systematically manipulate the recombination rate using natural variation

Food Use and Health Effects of Soybean and Sunflower Oils

This review provides a scientific assessment of current knowledge of health effects of soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO). SBO and SFO both contain high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (60.8 and 69%, respectively), with a PUFA:saturated fat ratio of 4.0 for SBO and 6.4 for SFO. SFO contains 69% C18:2n-6 and less than 0.1% C18:3n-3, while SBO contains 54% C18:2n-6 and 7.2% C18:3n-3. Thus, SFO and SBO each provide adequate amounts of C18:2n-6, but of the two, SBO provides C18:3n-3 with a C18:2n-6:C18:3n-3 ratio of 7.1. Epidemiological evidence has suggested an inverse relationship between the consumption of diets high in vegetable fat and blood pressure, although clinical findings have been inconclusive. Recent dietary guidelines suggest the desirability of decreasing consumption of total and saturated fat and cholesterol, an objective that can be achieved by substituting such oils as SFO and SBO for animal fats. Such changes have consistently resulted in decreased total and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, which is thought to be favorable with respect to decreasing risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, decreases in high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol have raised some concern. Use of vegetable oils such as SFO and SBO increases C18:2n-6, decreases C20:4n-6, and slightly elevated C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 in platelets, changes that slightly inhibit platelet generation of thromboxane and ex vivo aggregation. Whether chronic use of these oils will effectively block thrombosis at sites of vascular injury, inhibit pathologic platelet vascular interactions associated with atherosclerosis, or reduce the incidence of acute vascular occlusion in the coronary or cerebral circulation is uncertain. Linoleic acid is needed for normal immune response, and essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency impairs B and T cell-mediated responses. SBO and SFO can provide adequate linoleic acid for maintenance of the immune response. Excess linoleic acid has supported tumor growth in animals, an effect not verified by data from diverse human studies of risk, incidence, or progression of cancers of the breast and colon. Areas yet to be investigated include the differential effects of n-6- and n-3-containing oil on tumor development in humans and whether shorter-chain n-3 PUFA of plant origin such as found in SBO will modulate these actions of linoleic acid, as has been shown for the longer-chain n-3 PUFA of marine oil

Позиционный электропривод механизма перемещения

Объектом исследования является позиционный асинхронный электропривод механизма горизонтального перемещения груза. Цель работы – исследовать основные характеристики асинхронного электропривода с трехконтурной системой управления положением вала двигателя. В процессе исследования проводились выбор асинхронного двигателя для механизма перемещения, расчет параметров двигателя, его статических и динамических характеристик, выбор преобразователя частоты, синтез трехконтурной системы управления следящим электроприводом на базе регулируемого с векторным управлением.The object of the study is a positional asynchronous electric drive mechanism for the horizontal movement of cargo. The purpose of the work is to investigate the basic characteristics of an asynchronous electric drive with a three-circuit control system for positioning the motor shaft. In the process of research, the choice of an asynchronous motor for the displacement mechanism, calculation of the engine parameters, its static and dynamic characteristics, choice of a frequency converter, synthesis of a three-circuit control system for a servomotor drive based on an adjustable vector control were made

Minderung organischer Luftschadstoffemissionen durch Sorption/Katalyse. Teilvorhaben 6: Wissenschaftliche Begleitung Abschlussbericht

For the removal of the vapour of harmful chlorinated hydrocarbons from the flow of waste air, catalysed post-combustion is of interest from the energy point of view. There are, however, very great requirements for the catalyst system, especially for the carrier, regarding resistance to acids, as HCl and chlorine occur as end products. A catalyst system was therefore developed at the Institute for Chemical Technology, which contains porous glass as carrier material. To increase the catalytic activity of the carrier, it is treated with hot aluminium nitrate solution. There is therefore a replacement of silicon by aluminium atoms in the glass matrix, with the result that strongly acid centres are produced. These acid centres increase the absorption ability of the porous glass considerably regarding the harmful materials or oxygen. Manganese oxide and above all, chromium oxide are used as especially active components. A catalyst with modified porous glass as carrier material and chromium oxide as active component can decompose trichlorethylene, as an example of a model harmful material, with a concentration of 5 g/m"3 and a loading of 7500/h below 500 C to 99%. The results obtained can be transferred to honeycomb catalysts. These are preferable for exhaust gas pellet heaps containing dust. (orig.)Zur Entfernung von Daempfen umweltschaedigender chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe aus Abluftstroemen ist aus energetischer Sicht die katalysierte Nachverbrennung interessant. Es bestehen allerdings sehr hohe Anforderungen an das Katalysatorsystem, speziell an den Traeger, hinsichtlich Saeureresistenz, da als Endprodukte HCl- bzw. Chlor auftreten. Am Institut fuer Chemische Technik wurde daher ein Katalysatorsystem entwickelt, welches als Traegermaterial poroeses Glas enthaelt. Zur Erhoehung der katalytischen Aktivitaet des Traegers wird dieser mit heisser Aluminiumnitrat-Loesung behandelt. Dadurch erfolgt ein Austausch von Silizium- gegen Aluminiumatomen in der Glasmatrix, mit dem Ergebnis, dass starke saure Zentren erzeugt werden. Diese saure Zentren erhoehen das Sorptionsvermoegen des poroesen Glases erheblich hinsichtlich des Schadstoffs bzw. fuer Sauerstoff. Als besonders wirksame Aktivkomponenten werden Manganoxid und vor allem Chromoxid eingesetzt. Ein Katalysator mit modifiziertem poroesen Glas als Traegermaterial und Chromoxid als Aktivkomponente kann beispielsweise Trichlorethylen als Modellschadstoff in einer Konzentration von 5 g/m"3 und bei einer Raumbelastung von 7.500/h deutlich unterhalb 500 C zu 99% zersetzen. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse lassen sich auf Wabenkoerper-Katalysatoren uebertragen. Diese sind besonders bei staubhaltigen Abgasen Pellet-Schuettungen vorzuziehen. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F95B1204+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman