Trocha_Data_FE2015-00294

The file contains data on respiration (RS) (nmol O2 g-1 s-1) and nitrogen concentration (%N) of 93 species of fungal sporocarps of different fungal guilds (ECM-ectomycorrhizal, SAP-saprotrophic, and PAR-parasitic); the file contains also information on RS and %N in fungal "tissues" (cap, stipe, and as 'sporocarp' for those species do not form cap-and-stipe fruiting bodies); the number of each RS and %N measurement and sporocarp repeat is also included

Potential carbon mineralization rates across different sites in summer and winter.

<p>Results are presented as mean ± standard error. Support information is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0092985#pone.0092985.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Q₁₀ of soil respiration (SR), basal respiration rate (R₀) and determination coefficient of exponential relationships between SR and soil temperature (ST), using <i>SR</i> = <i>R₀</i>×<i>e^βT</i>. L1, L2, L3 are ∼15 years, ∼25 years and ∼35 years <i>Larix prinicipis</i> stand, respectively.

<p>P1, P2, P3 are ∼15 years, ∼25 years and ∼35 years <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> stand, respectively.</p

Relationships between autotrophic respiration (AR) and heterotrophic respiration (HR) and environmental factors across different aged stands of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>.

<p>The relationships are shown between autotrophic respiration (AR) and heterotrophic respiration (HR) and soil temperature (ST) for ∼15-year-old (a), ∼35-year-old stands (e), between soil water content (SWC) and HR₁₅ for ∼15 years (b) and ∼35 years (f); between SWC and AR₁₅ for ∼15-year-old (c) and ∼35-year-old stands (g); between NDVI and AR₁₅ for ∼15-year-old stand (d), and between NDVI and AR for ∼35-year-old stands (h) of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>. The data in the ∼25-year-old stand were absent because of the artificially damaged collars for separating AR and HR during the experiments.</p

The repeated measure ANOVA results of soil and microbial properties tested in this study.

<p>IN  =  inorganic nitrogen; DON  =  dissolved organic nitrogen; MB  =  microbial biomass; G−/G+  =  gram negative to positive bacteria biomass ratio; SOCMR  =  soil organic carbon mineralization rate.</p

Seasonal changes of soil respiration (SR) and environmental factors across three stand ages of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>.

<p>SR (a), soil temperature at 5 cm depth (ST) (b) and soil water content at 10 cm depth (SWC) (c) are shown from June 2006 to October 2009.</p

Effects of Forest Age on Soil Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Respiration Differ between Evergreen and Deciduous Forests

<div><p>We examined the effects of forest stand age on soil respiration (SR) including the heterotrophic respiration (HR) and autotrophic respiration (AR) of two forest types. We measured soil respiration and partitioned the HR and AR components across three age classes ∼15, ∼25, and ∼35-year-old <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> (Mongolia pine) and <i>Larix principis-rupprechtii</i> (larch) in a forest-steppe ecotone, northern China (June 2006 to October 2009). We analyzed the relationship between seasonal dynamics of SR, HR, AR and soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, a plant greenness and net primary productivity indicator). Our results showed that ST and SWC were driving factors for the seasonal dynamics of SR rather than plant greenness, irrespective of stand age and forest type. For ∼15-year-old stands, the seasonal dynamics of both AR and HR were dependent on ST. Higher Q₁₀ of HR compared with AR occurred in larch. However, in Mongolia pine a similar Q₁₀ occurred between HR and AR. With stand age, Q₁₀ of both HR and AR increased in larch. For Mongolia pine, Q₁₀ of HR increased with stand age, but AR showed no significant relationship with ST. As stand age increased, HR was correlated with SWC in Mongolia pine, but for larch AR correlated with SWC. The dependence of AR on NDVI occurred in ∼35-year-old Mongolia pine. Our study demonstrated the importance of separating autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration components of SR when stimulating the response of soil carbon efflux to environmental changes. When estimating the response of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to environmental changes, the effect of forest type on age-related trends is required.</p></div

Principal component analysis (PCA) of PLFA signatures (mol percentages) from soil samples collected in summer and winter.

<p>PC1 and PC2 explained 96% and 2% variance of the PLFAs data, respectively.</p

Potential carbon mineralization rates across different sites in summer and winter.

<p>Results are presented as mean ± standard error. Support information is presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0092985#pone.0092985.s001" target="_blank">Table S1</a>.</p

Principal component analysis of site properties.

<p>Score plot of five vegetation types during Principal Component Analysis of site properties, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil temperature (ST), soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), soil pH, and soil bulk density (SBD). Habitats were grassland (GR), shrubland (SH), evergreen coniferous forest (EC), deciduous coniferous forest (DC), and deciduous broadleaved forest (DB).Seasonal dynamics of soil respiration</p