The effectiveness of physical activity as an intervention in the treatment of depression: a systematic review

Depression is a debilitating mental health condition affecting an estimated 350 million people worldwide (Agudelo et al., 2014; Mutrie, 2000; WHO, 2012). A diagnosis of major depressive disorder is made when symptoms persist to impair everyday functioning for a period of more than two weeks (American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5, 2013). There exists a considerable body of literature in support of physical activity programmes as a first-line treatment for sub-threshold and mild depression, and the relevant clinical guidelines reflect this (Biddle, Fox & Boutcher, 2000; Davidson, 2010; NICE, 2009a). For the current review, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Cochrane Library databases were consulted from 2000-2014 with criteria for inclusion and exclusion. Thirteen papers were included in total from those concerning the effectiveness of physical activity in treating depression among adults. Studies included in the current review indicate physical activity to have a positive effect on reducing depressive symptoms among adults with mild depression either as mono-therapy, or when used as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Lawlor and Hopker (2001) highlight considerable methodological flaws among many trials. In future, researchers are advised to standardise their methods and practitioners to offer tailored exercise interventions for mild depression in accordance with NICE guidelines

Student Loan Defaulters Compared with Repayers: A Texas Case Study

This research compares student loan defaulters\u27 and repayers\u27 attitudes about vocational education in Texas. Interviews with loan recipients indicate that student loan defaults are affected by how much students are pressured to enroll in a program, their understanding of the loan program when they first sign an application, and how well their vocational education equips them to take a job. Such findings are increasingly important to policymakers, as the struggle for federal dollars increases and vocational students remain one of the largest groups of recipients and defaulters in the Federal Stafford Loan Program (formerly the Guaranteed Student Loan Program)

A Survey for Alkaloids in Hawaiian Plants, III

Volume: 16Start Page: 63End Page: 6

Induction of secretory pathway components in yeast is associated with increased stability of their mRNA

The overexpression of certain membrane proteins is accompanied by a striking proliferation of intracellular membranes. One of the best characterized inducers of membrane proliferation is the 180-kD mammalian ribosome receptor (p180), whose expression in yeast results in increases in levels of mRNAs encoding proteins that function in the secretory pathway, and an elevation in the cell's ability to secrete proteins. In this study we demonstrate that neither the unfolded protein response nor increased transcription accounts for membrane proliferation or the observed increase in secretory pathway mRNAs. Rather, p180-induced up-regulation of certain secretory pathway transcripts is due to a p180-mediated increase in the longevity of these mRNA species, as determined by measurements of transcriptional activity and specific mRNA turnover. Moreover, we show that the longevity of mRNA in general is substantially promoted through the process of its targeting to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. With respect to the terminal differentiation of secretory tissues, results from this model system provide insights into how the expression of a single protein, p180, could result in substantial morphological and functional changes

Assembly of splicing complexes on exon 11 of the human insulin receptor gene does not correlate with splicing efficiency in-vitro

BACKGROUND: Incorporation of exon 11 of the insulin receptor gene is both developmentally and hormonally-regulated. Previously, we have shown the presence of enhancer and silencer elements that modulate the incorporation of the small 36-nucleotide exon. In this study, we investigated the role of inherent splice site strength in the alternative splicing decision and whether recognition of the splice sites is the major determinant of exon incorporation. RESULTS: We found that mutation of the flanking sub-optimal splice sites to consensus sequences caused the exon to be constitutively spliced in-vivo. These findings are consistent with the exon-definition model for splicing. In-vitro splicing of RNA templates containing exon 11 and portions of the upstream intron recapitulated the regulation seen in-vivo. Unexpectedly, we found that the splice sites are occupied and spliceosomal complex A was assembled on all templates in-vitro irrespective of splicing efficiency. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that the exon-definition model explains alternative splicing of exon 11 in the IR gene in-vivo but not in-vitro. The in-vitro results suggest that the regulation occurs at a later step in spliceosome assembly on this exon

P4‐655: Addressing Ad Health Disparities Through A Cultural Lens

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153187/1/alzjjalz201909021.pd