2,861 research outputs found
Drinking behaviour and rs738409:g in pnpla3 are associated with slower recovery of liver function following severe alcoholic hepatitis
Abstract PWE-079 published in Gut, vol 66, suppl 2 (July 2017), pages A166-A167
Large Scale Structure in the SDSS Galaxy Survey
The Large Scale Structure (LSS) in the galaxy distribution is investigated
using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Early Data Release (SDSS EDR). Using the
Minimal Spanning Tree technique we have extracted sets of filaments, of
wall-like structures, of galaxy groups, and of rich clusters from this unique
sample. The physical properties of these structures were then measured and
compared with the expectations from Zel'dovich' theory.
The measured characteristics of galaxy walls were found to be consistent with
those for a spatially flat CDM cosmological model with
0.3 and 0.7, and for Gaussian
initial perturbations with a Harrison -- Zel'dovich power spectrum.
Furthermore, we found that the mass functions of groups and of unrelaxed
structure elements generally fit well with the expectations from Zel'dovich'
theory, although there was some discrepancy for lower mass groups which may be
due to incompleteness in the selected sample of groups. We also note that both
groups and rich clusters tend to prefer the environments of walls, which tend
to be of higher density, rather than the environments of filaments, which tend
to be of lower density.
Finally, we note evidence of systematic differences in the properties of the
LSS between the Northern Galactic Cap stripe and the Southern Galactic Cap
stripe -- in particular, in the physical properties of the walls, their spatial
distribution, and the relative numbers of clusters embedded in walls. Because
the mean separation of walls is 60 -- 70 Mpc, each stripe
only intersects a few tens of walls. Thus, small number statistics and cosmic
variance are the likely drivers of these systematic differences.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS submitte
Redshifts in the Southern Abell Redshift Survey Clusters. I. The Data
The Southern Abell Redshift Survey contains 39 clusters of galaxies with
redshifts in the range 0.0 < z < 0.31 and a median redshift depth of z =
0.0845. SARS covers the region 0 21h (while
avoiding the LMC and SMC) with b > 40. Cluster locations were chosen from the
Abell and Abell-Corwin-Olowin catalogs while galaxy positions were selected
from the Automatic Plate Measuring Facility galaxy catalog with
extinction-corrected magnitudes in the range 15 <= b_j < 19. SARS utilized the
Las Campanas 2.5 m duPont telescope, observing either 65 or 128 objects
concurrently over a 1.5 sq deg field. New redshifts for 3440 galaxies are
reported in the fields of these 39 clusters of galaxies.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical
Journal, Table 2 can be downloaded in its entirety from
http://trotsky.arc.nasa.gov/~mway/SARS1/sars1-table2.cs
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Preliminary Evidence That CD38 Moderates the Association of Neuroticism on Amygdala-Subgenual Cingulate Connectivity.
CD38 genetic variation has been associated with autism spectrum disorders and social anxiety disorder, which may result from CD38's regulation of oxytocin secretion. Converging evidence has found that the rs3796863 A-allele contributes to increased social sensitivity compared to the CC genotype. The current study examined the moderating role of CD38 genetic variants (rs3796863 and rs6449182) that have been associated with enhanced (or reduced) social sensitivity on neural activation related to neuroticism, which is commonly elevated in individuals with social anxiety and depression. Adults (n = 72) with varying levels of social anxiety and depression provided biological samples for DNA extraction, completed a measure of neuroticism, and participated in a standardized emotion processing task (affect matching) while undergoing fMRI. A significant interaction effect was found for rs3796863 x neuroticism that predicted right amygdala-subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) functional connectivity. Simple slopes analyses showed a positive association between neuroticism and right amygdala-sgACC connectivity among rs3796863 A-allele carriers. Findings suggest that the more socially sensitive rs3796863 A-allele may partially explain the relationship between a known risk factor (i.e. neuroticism) and promising biomarker (i.e. amygdala-sgACC connectivity) in the development and maintenance of social anxiety and depression
Pan American Climate Study (PACS) mooring recovery and deployment cruise report : R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 73, 28 November to 26 December 1997
Three surface moorings were recovered and redeployed during R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 73 in the eastern equatorial Pacific as pan
of the Pan American Climate Study (PACS). PACS is a NOAA-funded study with the goal of investigating links between sea-surface
temperature variability in the tropical oceans near the Americas and climate over the American continents. The three moorings were deployed
near 125°W, spanning the strong meridional sea-surface temperature gradient associated with the cold tongue south of the equator and the
warmer ocean north of the equator, near the northernmost, summer location of the Intertopical Convergence Zone. The moored array was
deployed to improve the understanding of air-sea fluxes and of the processes that control the evolution of the sea surface temperature field in
the region.
Two surface moorings, located at 3°S, 125°W and lO°N, 125°W, belonging to the Upper Ocean Processes (UOP) Group at the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), were recovered after being on station for eight months and redeployed. Two eight-month deployments
were planned. A third mooring deployed at the equator and 128°W by the Ocean Circulation Group at the University of South Florida (USF) was
also recovered and redeployed. The USF mooring, unfortunately, had to be recovered immediately following redeployment due to a problem
with the buoy and instrumentation.
The buoys of the two WHOI moorings were each equipped with meteorological instrumentation, including a Vector Averaging Wind Recorder
(VAWR), and an Improved Meteorological (IMET) system. The WHOI moorings also carried Vector Measuring Current Meters, single point
temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders located in the upper 200 meters of the mooring line. In addition to the
instrumentation noted above, a variety of other instruments, including an acoustic current meter, acoustic doppler current meters, bio-optical
instrument packages and an acoustic rain gauge, were deployed during the PACS field program. The USF mooring had an IMET system on the
surface buoy and for oceanographic instrumentation, two RD Instruments acoustic doppler current profilers (ADCPs), single-point
temperature recorders, and conductivity and temperature recorders. Conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiles were made at each mooring
site and during the transit between mooring locations.
This report describes, in a general manner, the work that took place during R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 73. A description of the
WHOI moored array and instrumentation is provided. Details of the mooring designs and preliminary data from the CTD profies are included.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under Contract No. NA66GPO130
A mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1/2 (mTORC1)/V-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1)/cathepsin H axis controls filaggrin expression and processing in skin, a novel mechanism for skin barrier disruption in patients with atopic dermatitis
BACKGROUND: Filaggrin, encoded by the FLG gene, is an important component of the skin’s barrier to the external environment and genetic defects in FLG strongly associate with Atopic Dermatitis (AD). However, not all AD patients have FLG mutations. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesised that these patients may possess other defects in filaggrin expression and processing, contributing to barrier disruption and AD, and therefore present novel therapeutic targets for this disease. RESULTS: We describe the relationship between the mTORC1 protein subunit RAPTOR, the serine/threonine kinase AKT1 and the protease cathepsin H, for which we establish a role in filaggrin expression and processing. Increased RAPTOR levels correlated with decreased filaggrin expression in AD. In keratinocyte cell culture, RAPTOR up-regulation or AKT1 shRNA knockdown reduced the expression of the protease cathepsin H. Skin of cathepsin H-deficient mice and CTSH shRNA knockdown keratinocytes showed reduced filaggrin processing and the mouse showed both impaired skin barrier function and a mild proinflammatory phenotype. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight a novel, potentially treatable, signalling axis controlling filaggrin expression and processing which is defective in AD
Arabian Sea mixed layer dynamics experiment : mooring deployment cruise report R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 40, 11 October-25 October 1994
An array of surface and subsurface moorings were deployed in the Arabian Sea to provide high quality time series of
local forcing and upper ocean currents, temperature, and conductivity in order to investigate the dynamics of the ocean's
response to the monsoonal forcing characteristic of the area. The moored array was deployed during R/V Thomas
Thompson cruise number 40,
One Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) surface mooring, two Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
surface moorings and two University of Washington (UW) Profiling Current Meter moorings were deployed. The moorings
were deployed for a period of one year beginning in October 1994 as part of the Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded
Arabian Sea experiment. Two six month deployments were planned. The moorings were deployed at 15.5°N 61.5°E (WHOI),
15.7°N 61.3°E (SIO), 15.3°N 61.3°E (SIO), 15.7°N 61.7°E (UW), and 15.3°N 61.7°E (UW).
The WHOI surface mooring was outfitted with two meteorological data collection systems. A Vector Averaging Wind
Recorder (VAWR) and an IMET system made measurements of wind speed and direction, sea surface temperature, air
temperature, short wave radiation, long wave radiation, barometric pressure, relative humidity and precipitation. Subsurface
instrumentation included Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCMs), Multi-Variable Moored Systems (MVMS),
conductivity and temperature recorders and single point temperature recorders.
Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data and CTD data were collected while in transit to the site and between mooring
locations.
This report describes in a general manner the work that took place during R/V Thomas Thompson cruise number 40 which
was the initial deployment cruise for this moored array. A detailed description of the WHOI surface mooring and its
instrumentation is provided. Information about the XBT and CTD data collected during the cruise is also included.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-94-1-0161
Noninvasive Instrument-based Tests for Detecting and Measuring Vitreous Inflammation in Uveitis: A Systematic Review
PURPOSE: This systematic review aims to identify instrument-based tests for quantifying vitreous inflammation in uveitis, report the test reliability and the level of correlation with clinician grading. METHODS: Studies describing instrument-based tests for detecting vitreous inflammation were identified by searching bibliographic databases and trials registers. Test reliability measures and level of correlation with clinician vitreous haze grading are extracted. RESULTS: Twelve studies describing ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and retinal photography for detecting vitreous inflammation were included: Ultrasound was used for detection of disease features, whereas OCT and retinal photography provided quantifiable measurements. Correlation with clinician grading for OCT was 0.53-0.60 (three studies) and for retinal photography was 0.51 (1 study). Both instruments showed high inter- and intra-observer reliability (>0.70 intraclass correlation and Cohen's kappa), where reported in four studies. CONCLUSION: Retinal photography and OCT are able to detect and measure vitreous inflammation. Both techniques are reliable, automatable, and warrant further evaluation
Application of Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar to Monitoring Seasonal Ecological and Hydrologic Processes in Boreal Forest
Freezehaw transitions in boreal landscapes drive critical dynamics in ecosystem and hydrologic activity. A capability for accurate, repeated, and reliable monitoring of landscape freezekhaw dynamics would improve our ability to quantify the interannual variability ofboreal hydrology and river runoff/flood dynamics and to assess the period of photosynthetic activity in boreal and arctic ecosystems, thus improving estimates of annual carbon budgets and of the interannual variability of regional carbon fluxes. Results from BOREAS experiments have indicated that the boreal forest has a net annual carbon flux near zero. A first step in assessing and monitoring year-to-year changes in the boreal carbon flux is to determine the annual variation in growing season length. Weapply imagery from the ERS spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) to estimate landscape freezekhaw dynamics over selected areas of the BOREAS region of Canada. A temporal series of freeze/thaw maps are derived that provide fractional estimates of frozen and thawed landscape. The inferred landscape freezehhaw state is validated against temperature measurements obtained from a distributed temperature monitoring network and from meteorological observations. We examine the relationships of radar-estimated thaw patterns with topography and landcover. SAR-derived timing ofspring thaw is comparred with initiation of streamflow. Ecological process models are used to estimate Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) on the landscape scale. Model results are comparred with timing and spatial distribution of freeze and thaw events. As the timing of spring thaw is a major factor influencing the net annual cabon flux, we seek to incorportate the radar-based measure of landscape freezeithaw dynamics as direct input to ecological process models to provide a capability for improved ecosystem carbon flux estimates at regional scales using spaceborne rad
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