26 research outputs found
Phoenix
A novel chiral coordination polymer, [CuĀ(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CHĀ(OH)ĀCOO)Ā(Ī¼-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CHĀ(OH)ĀCOO)]
(<b>1</b>-L and <b>1</b>-D), was synthesized through a
reaction of copper
acetate with l-mandelic acid at room temperature. Although
previously reported copper mandelate prepared by hydrothermal reaction
was a centrosymmetric coordination polymer because of the racemization
of mandelic acid, the current coordination polymer shows noncentrosymmetry
and a completely different structure from that previously reported.
The X-ray crystallography for <b>1</b>-L revealed that the copper
center of the compound showed a highly distorted octahedral structure
bridged by a chiral mandelate ligand in the unusual coordination mode
to construct a one-dimensional (1D) zigzag chain structure. These
1D chains interdigitated each other to give a layered structure as
a result of the formation of multiple aromatic interactions and hydrogen
bonds between hydroxyl and carboxylate moieties at mandelate ligands.
The coordination polymer <b>1</b>-L belongs to the noncentrosymmetric
space group of C2 to show piezoelectric properties and second harmonic
generation (SHG) activity
DataSheet_1_FZL, a dynamin-like protein localized to curved grana edges, is required for efficient photosynthetic electron transfer in Arabidopsis.zip
Photosynthetic electron transfer and its regulation processes take place on thylakoid membranes, and the thylakoid of vascular plants exhibits particularly intricate structure consisting of stacked grana and flat stroma lamellae. It is known that several membrane remodeling proteins contribute to maintain the thylakoid structure, and one putative example is FUZZY ONION LIKE (FZL). In this study, we re-evaluated the controversial function of FZL in thylakoid membrane remodeling and in photosynthesis. We investigated the sub-membrane localization of FZL and found that it is enriched on curved grana edges of thylakoid membranes, consistent with the previously proposed model that FZL mediates fusion of grana and stroma lamellae at the interfaces. The mature fzl thylakoid morphology characterized with the staggered and less connected grana seems to agree with this model as well. In the photosynthetic analysis, the fzl knockout mutants in Arabidopsis displayed reduced electron flow, likely resulting in higher oxidative levels of Photosystem I (PSI) and smaller proton motive force (pmf). However, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence was excessively enhanced considering the pmf levels in fzl, and we found that introducing kea3-1 mutation, lowering pH in thylakoid lumen, synergistically reinforced the photosynthetic disorder in the fzl mutant background. We also showed that state transitions normally occurred in fzl, and that they were not involved in the photosynthetic disorders in fzl. We discuss the possible mechanisms by which the altered thylakoid morphology in fzl leads to the photosynthetic modifications.</p
Theranostic Nanoparticles for MRI-Guided Thermochemotherapy: āTightā Clustering of Magnetic Nanoparticles Boosts Relaxivity and Heat-Generation Power
Magnetic-resonance-imaging
(MRI)-guided magnetic thermochemotherapy is a potentially invasive
technique combining diagnosis and treatment. It requires the development
of multifunctional nanoparticles with (1) biocompatibility, (2) high
relaxivity, (3) high heat-generation power, (4) controlled drug release,
and (5) tumor targeting. Here, we show the synthesis of such multifunctional
nanoparticles (āCoreāShellsā) and the feasibility
of MRI-guided magnetic thermochemotherapy using the synthesized nanoparticles. āTightā
iron-oxide nanoparticle clustering to zero interparticle distance
within the CoreāShells boosts the relaxivity and heat-generation
power while maintaining biocompatibility. The initial CoreāShell
drug release occurs in response to an alternating magnetic field (AMF)
and continues gradually after removal of the AMF. Thus, a single CoreāShell
dose realizes continuous chemotherapy over a period of days or weeks.
The CoreāShells accumulate in abdomen tumors, facilitating
MRI visualization. Subsequent AMF application induces heat generation
and drug release within the tumors, inhibiting their growth. CoreāShell
magnetic thermochemotherapy exhibits significantly higher therapeutic
efficacy than both magnetic hyperthermia and chemotherapy alone. More
importantly, there are minimal side effects. The findings of this
study introduce new perspectives regarding the development of materials
for MRI, magnetic hyperthermia, and drug delivery systems. Both conventional
and novel iron-oxide-based materials may render theranostics (i.e.,
techniques fusing diagnosis and treatment) feasible
OrganicāInorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles for Tracking the Same Cells Seamlessly at the Cellular, Tissue, and Whole Body Levels
Techniques
to elucidate the kinetics and distribution of the same
cells in the whole body and in tissues are necessary for further studies
of cancer, immunity, and regenerative medicine. Fluorescent imaging
is a powerful technique for visualization of cells. However, current
fluorescent probes are applicable in either the ultraviolet (UV)āvisible
(Vis) region (300ā650 nm) or the biological transparency window
(BTW, 650ā900 nm), but not both. Thus, they cannot serve as
fluorescent probes for both in vivo and in vitro imaging, and it is
difficult to achieve imaging of the same cells seamlessly from the
cellular level to the whole body and tissue levels using currently
available fluorescent probes. Accordingly, in this paper, we describe
organicāinorganic hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) that could be
used to achieve seamless tracking of the same cells. Within the HNPs,
a porphyrin molecule, Vis-fluorophore, was surrounded by a siloxane
chain, preventing the aggregation of porphyrin molecules. As a result,
the porphyrin fluorescence was not quenched. Furthermore, indocyanine
green (ICG), a BTW fluorophore, was localized on the HNP surface,
leading to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from porphyrin
to ICG only near the HNP surface. Through the above structural design,
the HNPs acquired both excitation (Ī»<sub>ex</sub>) and emission
(Ī»<sub>em</sub>) wavelengths in the visible region and BTW,
respectively, as well as large Stokes shifts. The HNP-labeled immune
cells successfully and the labeled cells were separated easily from
unlabeled cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The kinetics
of the labeled cells in the whole body were revealed by fluorescence
imaging within BTW. Furthermore, the distributions of the same labeled
cells were elucidated by histological analysis within the UVāvis
region. Thus, the HNPs served as fluorescent probes for seamless tracking
of the same cells
Red Blood Cell-Shaped Microparticles with a Red Blood Cell Membrane Demonstrate Prolonged Circulation Time in Blood
Prolonging
the circulation time (CT) of microparticles (MPs) in
the blood is key for a successful microparticle-based medicinal approach
to serve as drug delivery systems (DDSs). Previously, we reported
that MPs that mimic the shape of red blood cells (RBCs) avoid accumulation
in the spleen and lungs. We now describe the effectiveness of mimicking
not only the shape of RBCs but also their surface structure for the
prolongation of CT. RBC-shaped MPs (RBC-MPs) were electrosprayed with
cellulose and covered with a native RBC membrane (RBCM) collected
from mouse blood. Seven hours after intravenous injection, approximately
twice as many RBCM-covered RBC-MPs (RBC-MPs@RBCM) were present in
the blood of mice compared to unmodified RBC-MPs. Twenty-four hours
postinjection, the concentration of RBC-MPs@RBCM in the blood was
4 times higher. These findings suggest that an RBCM covering the MPs
contributed to significant CT prolongation, which may positively impact
their applications as DDSs
Long-Term Once-Daily Tiotropium RespimatĀ® Is Well Tolerated and Maintains Efficacy over 52 Weeks in Patients with Symptomatic Asthma in Japan: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study
<div><p>Background</p><p>This study assessed the long-term safety and efficacy of tiotropium Respimat, a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator, in asthma, added on to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with or without long-acting Ī²<sub>2</sub>-agonist (LABA).</p><p>Methods</p><p>285 patients with symptomatic asthma, despite treatment with ICSĀ±LABA, were randomised 2:2:1 to once-daily tiotropium 5 Ī¼g, tiotropium 2.5 Ī¼g or placebo for 52 weeks (via the Respimat SoftMist inhaler) added on to ICSĀ±LABA, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study (NCT01340209). Primary objective: to describe the long-term safety profile of tiotropium. Secondary end points included: trough forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) response; peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) response; seven-question Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-7) score.</p><p>Results</p><p>At Week 52, adverse-event (AE) rates with tiotropium 5 Ī¼g, 2.5 Ī¼g and placebo were 88.6%, 86.8% and 89.5%, respectively. Commonly reported AEs with tiotropium 5 Ī¼g, 2.5 Ī¼g and placebo were nasopharyngitis (48.2%, 44.7%, 42.1%), asthma (28.9%, 29.8%, 38.6%), decreased PEFR (15.8%, 7.9%, 21.1%), bronchitis (9.6%, 13.2%, 7.0%), pharyngitis (7.9%, 13.2%, 3.5%) and gastroenteritis (10.5%, 3.5%, 5.3%). In the tiotropium 5 Ī¼g, 2.5 Ī¼g and placebo groups, 8.8%, 5.3% and 5.3% of patients reported drug-related AEs; 3.5%, 3.5% and 15.8% reported serious AEs. Asthma worsening was the only serious AE reported in more than one patient. At Week 52, adjusted mean trough FEV<sub>1</sub> and trough PEFR responses were significantly higher with tiotropium 5 Ī¼g (but not 2.5 Ī¼g) versus placebo. ACQ-7 responder rates were higher with tiotropium 5 Ī¼g and 2.5 Ī¼g versus placebo at Week 24.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The long-term tiotropium Respimat safety profile was comparable with that of placebo Respimat, and associated with mild to moderate, non-serious AEs in patients with symptomatic asthma despite ICSĀ±LABA therapy. Compared with placebo, tiotropium 5 Ī¼g, but not 2.5 Ī¼g, significantly improved lung function and symptoms, supporting the long-term efficacy of the 5 Ī¼g dose.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01340209?term=NCT01340209&rank=1" target="_blank">NCT01340209</a></p></div
Frequency of adverse events with incidence ā„4% in any treatment group (treated set).
<p><sup>a</sup>Patients were randomised 2:2:1 to the tiotropium Respimat 5 Ī¼g, tiotropium Respimat 2.5 Ī¼g and placebo Respimat groups, respectively.</p><p><sup>b</sup>The preferred term āasthmaā summarises several lowest level terms.</p><p>Frequency of adverse events with incidence ā„4% in any treatment group (treated set).</p
Additional file 10: of Overexpression of the protein disulfide isomerase AtCYO1 in chloroplasts slows dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis
Table S1. Number of Cys residues in chloroplast proteins in Arabidopsis. (PDF 73ĆĀ kb
Overall summary of adverse events (treated set).
<p><sup>a</sup>Patients were randomised 2:2:1 to the tiotropium Respimat 5 Ī¼g, tiotropium Respimat 2.5 Ī¼g and placebo Respimat groups, respectively.</p><p><sup>b</sup>As determined by the investigator.</p><p><sup>c</sup>Elevation of aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase ā„3 Ć upper limit of normal combined with elevated total bilirubin ā„2 Ć upper limit of normal at the same visit.</p><p><sup>d</sup>Asthma worsening.</p><p>AE, adverse event.</p><p>Overall summary of adverse events (treated set).</p